The history of the creation of the march of wooden soldiers by Tchaikovsky. Conversation with the children of the preparatory group

P.I. Chaikovsky " children's album»

It is known that Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky loved children very much and understood them well. This is what he says famous phrase about what flowers, music and children make up the best decoration life. It is not surprising that the children's theme literally permeates all of his work, and the collection of plays "Children's Album" was the first such work in Russia. Later, this cycle was included in the golden fund of compositions written especially for children. It's not just a collection, it's the whole world, Wonderland, retold in sounds.

History of creation

Tchaikovsky was prompted by two factors to write a collection of short plays especially for children. First, they served as an example Robert Schumann. Pyotr Ilyich also wanted to compose a cycle of simple pieces, like an "Album for Youth", which children could freely perform.Secondly, to the idea of ​​composing such a work, Tchaikovsky prompted communication with his nephews. It is known that the composer was very warm to the children of his sister, often visited them, told different stories about his travels, played with them, and also listened with interest to all their stories.

Tchaikovsky first mentions his intention to compose a collection of children's plays on February 26, 1878, in a letter to his publisher while in Florence. A month later, the composer begins work on the cycle. On April 30, 1878, during a visit to his sister A.I. Davydova in Kamenka, he writes to P.I. Jurgenson, reporting on his work on the "Children's Album".

There is no information about the very process of composing the cycle, it is known that it was written by the composer rather quickly. About a month later, in his letter to N.F. von Meck Peter Ilyich wrote that he had composed all the plays and now it would take another month and a half to put the cycle in order and edit everything.

On June 29, in his letter to the publisher, Tchaikovsky sent the manuscripts of all the works written at that time, including a collection of children's plays.

Researchers suggest that the idea of ​​dedicating the collection to his nephew Volodya Davyvod came to Tchaikovsky after the end of work on the essay. It is known that in the summer of 1878 the composer spent a lot of time with him in Kamenka. There is no dedication in the autograph of the collection, but in his letter to N.F. von Meck Tchaikovsky already tells in detail that he decided to dedicate the cycle to his nephew, who loves music very much and even promises to become a musician. It is obvious that Tchaikovsky expressed his decision to the publisher at a personal meeting in late September, early October 1878.

Interesting Facts

• It is known that Tchaikovsky received 240 rubles from the publishing house for his work. This is the price set by the composer himself - 10 rubles for each piece.
• Researchers believe that the reason that prompted the composer to start writing a collection of children's plays could be very vivid impressions from a street singer's song heard in Florence. Tchaikovsky even wrote about this incident in a letter to his brother on March 27, 1878. The composer was especially shocked by the performance of such a “non-childish” song by a boy singer, which in his interpretation did not sound as tragic as in the original.

• There is another factor that influenced Tchaikovsky's decision to compose the "Children's Album" - this is communication with Kolya Conradi (a pupil of the composer's brother). It is known that with Kolya and with M.P. He spent part of the winter of 1877-1878 as Tchaikovsky. Together they visited the sights, traveled a lot.
• Initially, Tchaikovsky conceived a slightly different order of the pieces, which was already changed in the first edition, carried out with his participation.
• Despite the fact that the collection was originally intended specifically for children, it has firmly entered the world of musical literature and is often performed even by professional artists. Suffice it to recall the version of Ya.V. Flier, which is familiar to many thanks to the surviving audio recordings. The versions of M. Pletnev and V. Postnikova are a highly artistic example. Pletnev brings his vision to the reading of this work. He changes the order of the numbers, putting forward his own version of the collection's dramatic concept.
• Pyotr Ilyich highly appreciated the first edition of his collection, but he still did not like some points. Yes, he was sorry about appearance"Children's Album". He wanted the format of the collection to be different, since it would be very inconvenient for Volodya (to whom the composition is dedicated) to look at the notes while playing. The composer also had complaints about the illustrations.

• In all editions Soviet period the title of the last play, "In the Church," was deliberately changed to "Choir."
• Interestingly, the idea of ​​creating such collections of miniatures for children was later addressed by such composers as A.S. Arensky, V.I. Rebikov, S.M. Maykapar.
• Exists a large number of arrangements children's collection Tchaikovsky for the most different instruments and even orchestras. For example, Vladimir Milman and Vladimir Spivakov made an arrangement for chamber orchestra. Thanks to the efforts of Robert Groslot, an arrangement for chamber orchestra and wind ensemble. There is a score of the "Children's Album" for the ensemble percussion instruments, which was revised by Anatoly Ivanov, and a little later, in 2014, an arrangement for string orchestra and percussion instruments, made by composer Dmitry Batin.

The "Children's Album" includes 24 plays that have their own individual title. The program content of the collection is built in a certain sequence: morning, afternoon and evening. In addition, several storylines are viewed in the cycle at once.

The first storyline reveals to the audience the images of the awakening of the child and the beginning of the day.

« morning prayer» - this is an incredibly beautiful, bright, contemplative play that evokes thoughts about God, about the soul. Tchaikovsky succeeded miraculously transfer to piano music choir singing. The melody of this piece seems to be woven from live intonations, thanks to a special presentation. The mood of concentration is also conveyed by uniform rhythmic movement, texture of presentation, simple harmonic language and light tonality.

Second play « Winter morning» brings a different mood to the morning peaceful atmosphere. Inclement weather (cold, with a snowstorm and a blizzard) is very accurately conveyed by the disturbed and transparently enlightened music that replaces it. The middle part introduces a certain shade of sadness, which further sets off the onset of the reprise.

"Winter Morning" (listen)

Third play "Horse Game" opens storyline toys and children's room. This short piece conveys the clatter of hooves very accurately thanks to the uniform rhythmic pulsation that brings it closer to the toccata. The image of the toy horses helps convey the three-part meter, which in this case sounds light and lively.

In a play "Mother" The music is very simple, but full of spiritual experiences. It is presented in the form of a duet: the lower voice has a warmer timbre, and the upper one is clear and bright. In general, this piece is very harmonious, soft, even the composer did not choose the meter by chance, since the three-part pattern gives the music roundness and softness.

In the play, Tchaikovsky reveals main image very clear rhythmic pattern and precise strokes. The composer managed to very accurately convey the clear, almost mechanical movements of the soldiers to the beat of the drummer.

"March wooden soldiers» (listen)

The following pieces (6,7,8,9), forming a small suite, reveal another storyline that tells about a complex, serious mental life small child, feeling everything as acutely as adults.

"Doll Disease" introduces a completely different figurative structure. Sad music conveys the experiences of a little girl who is so overplayed that she takes everything seriously and is very worried about her beloved doll. Interestingly built musical fabric a piece that does not have a continuous melody. Pauses, as well as mournful intonations, convey the "sighs" and "groans" of the doll. After a tense climax, everything ends with a "fading" coda.

Play "Doll Funeral" has another subtitle, which was given by the author himself - "In imitation of Schumann". In terms of figurative structure, this miniature is very similar to the "First Loss" by Robert Schumann from his "Album for Youth". The composer took the child's feelings seriously, displaying the genuine feelings of the little heroine.

"Waltz" quite suddenly breaks into the course of the story, replacing sadness and sadness with fun. Why waltz? This dance was one of the most popular and beloved in the 19th century, and it sounded not only at magnificent balls, but also at home holidays. "Waltz" from the "Children's Album" conveys the atmosphere of a home holiday.

"Waltz" (listen)

« New doll» - this is a continuation of the fun, because the girl is very happy with her new toy. She dances and spins with her new doll. Music very accurately conveys the mood of a little girl, a feeling of delight and joy. The piece resembles a waltz, however, it sounds very fast, the usual 3/4 time signature is doubled.

Rapid Polish dance "Mazurka" continues the line of dance miniatures in the collection. But in Tchaikovsky it has a more chamber character, and therefore the first theme of the play is calm, elegiac.

"Collection of Easy Pieces for Children" op. 39 occupies a special place in Tchaikovsky's piano heritage both in terms of its subject matter and the peculiarities of piano presentation. It is difficult to name a composition in Russian children's piano literature more popular than "Children's Album" by P. I. Tchaikovsky.

The first mention of the concept of the "Children's Album" refers to February 1878. At that time he was on a long trip abroad. In a letter to P. Jurgenson: “Tomorrow I will start writing a collection of miniature plays for children. I have long been thinking that it would not hurt to contribute to the best of my ability to enrich the children's musical literature which is very poor. I want to make a whole series of little passages of unconditional lightness and with child-friendly titles, like in ".

At the time of the creation of the "Children's Album" Tchaikovsky was in the prime of his creative powers. But for the composition addressed to children, the composer undertook for the first time.

"Children's Album" op. 39 was written in May 1878. The history of its creation is inextricably linked with Kamenka, a large Ukrainian village near Kyiv, a favorite place for creativity and recreation of the composer. Kamenka - " family nest" big noble family Davydov. One of the owners of the Kamensky estate, Lev Vasilyevich Davydov, was a friend of Tchaikovsky and the husband of his beloved sister Alexandra Ilyinichna.

Much in the "Children's Album" is connected with the atmosphere of the Davydovs' house. home furnishings Alexandra Ilyinichna was a model family life. Happier people It was hard to imagine, and Pyotr Ilyich was seized with such emotion and joy at the sight of this that for a long time connected the idea of ​​​​the life of the Cayenne inhabitants with the embodiment of earthly prosperity.

Tchaikovsky dedicated his cycle of children's plays to Volodya Davydov, one of the numerous children of Lev Vasilievich and Alexandra Ilyinichna. The composer's nephew at that time was six and a half years old. The title page read: “Children's album. Collection of easy plays for children. Imitation of Schumann.

This album reflects Child's world, outlined by the composer with amazing sensitivity and subtle understanding of children's perception of life. Tchaikovsky loved children, he was ready to mess around with the guys for hours, enjoying their chatter, experiencing sharp feeling pity for sick children, seeking to bring joy and pleasure to every child with whom he met. And the children felt this love, became attached to Tchaikovsky, seeing in him a tender and caring friend.

The cycle of 24 plays is connected by a single theme. It presents a colorful world of children's games, dances and random impressions. It is divided into microcycles. The first of them can be called "morning".

Lord God! Save, warm up
Make us better, make us better.
Lord God! Save, save!
Give us the power of your love.

"Winter morning"

The strict reflection of "Morning Prayer" is replaced by a stormy, full of disturbing forebodings "Winter Morning". Pyotr Ilyich himself was born in small town. It seems that in "Winter Morning" he portrayed his baby impression. As if the kid looked out the window and saw the street covered with snow and the frozen windows in the house opposite.

Freezes. Snow crunches. Fog over the fields.
From the huts early smoke is carried in clubs.
A purple tint glistens silver of the snows;
With a needle-hoar frost, as if with white fluff,
The bark is humiliated along dead branches.
I love through the glass a brilliant pattern
To amuse your eyes with a new picture;
I like to watch in silence how early sometimes
The village cheerfully meets winter ...

"Mother"

Peace in the soul of the hero of the cycle returns "Mom". The gentle, affectionate, melodious sounds of the play "Mama" seem to soothe, explain something. Probably, such were the memories of Pyotr Ilyich himself about his mother. Not without reason, all his life he remembered her wonderful eyes, smooth, dignified movements, deep chest voice.

Mom, very very
I love you!
So love that at night
I don't sleep in the dark.
I peer into the darkness
Dawn hurry.
I love you all the time
Mommy, I love it!
Here the dawn shines.
Here is the dawn.
Nobody in the world
There is no better mother!

« »

The second major section is "Home games and dances" ("Game of horses", "March of wooden soldiers"). It opens with, perhaps, the most cloudless, childishly naive pieces of the "Album" - the mischievous toccatina "Game of Horses" and the toy "March of the Wooden Soldiers". These are "boys' games".

"Horse Game"

Boys are very interested in playing horses.

I'm on my golden-headed horse
I sat down and rushed around the house, around the room,
Past the table, whatnots and bedside tables,
Past the cat lying on the sofa,
Past the grandmother sitting with knitting,
Past the ball and the toy box.

"March of the Wooden Soldiers"

And in the toy box there are brand new, beautiful soldiers that just attract you. They are just like real ones, you can line them up and send them to the parade. Here is a toy army minting a step in a funny march.

At-two, left, right,
At-two, left, right,
We go easy and fun.
At-two, left, right,
At-two, left, right,
Let's sing a wooden song.

The next three numbers are "girls' games" ("puppet trilogy")

This is also a game (after all, the heroes of the action are puppets), and like the puppets coming to life in The Nutcracker, here the puppets also “come to life”. The three plays of the minicycle ("Illness", "Funeral", "New Doll") are perceived as a reflection of genuine, "real" life.

"Doll Disease"

A slow, viscous movement (during an illness, it’s usually “boring” after all) with sad intonations of the melody, where, like sighs, it conveys the sad mood of a girl whose doll is sick.

"Doll Funeral"

The miracle did not happen, the doll died. Solemnly and strictly, as in a real funeral procession, the funeral march sounds. All the toys came to the funeral. The music of the "Funeral March" conveys the gloomy coloring and the very movement of the procession of toys, as if passing in front of the listener.

"New Doll"

But life does not stand still and the girl is given a new doll. And she starts spinning in a fast dance with a new girlfriend.

"Waltz"

"Waltz" is the beginning of a miniature dance suite that combines three numbers ("Waltz", "Polka", "Mazurka") and completes a series of "home" pieces.

In letters written a few days before the beginning of the composition of the "Children's Album", the composer writes: "There are many guests, and in the evening I will have to accompany for the sake of my dear nieces, who are very fond of dancing."

"Polka"

The whirling waltz is replaced by a cheerful "Polka"

"Mazurka"

But the mazurka sounded!
Mazurka - dance anywhere!
Perky light and cheerful,
I ask you to dance, gentlemen!

Further, the composer sends the child on an exciting "journey". First, in Russia (“Russian Song”, “A Man Plays the Harmonica”, “Kamarinskaya”), then in Europe (“Italian”, “Old French”, “German” and “Neapolitan” songs).

It is not difficult to see an autobiographical motive here. The composer also traveled a lot in Russia and abroad, but he always gave his heart to Russia..

“I grew up in the wilderness, from childhood, the earliest, imbued inexplicable beauty characteristic features of the Russian folk music"- wrote Tchaikovsky.

To processing folk song Tchaikovsky made strict demands: "It is necessary that the song be written down, as far as possible, in accordance with the way the people perform it."

So in the "Russian Song" the composer turned to the Russian folk dance song "Are you my head, my little head."

Throw a flower into the stream
The stream will carry him away.
Sing me a nightingale song -
Your heart will become more cheerful.

"The man plays the harmonica"

In the play "A Man Plays the Harmonica" intonational turns and harmonic moves are played out, which are characteristic of Russian single-row harmonicas.

"Kamarinskaya"

"Kamarinskaya" is built on one of the variants of the famous Russian folk theme and there a balalaika tune is imitated.

How much fun we have today -
Everyone started dancing to the Kamarinsky.
Mom dances, dad dances, I dance,
Sisters are dancing, my whole family is dancing.
Grandma is dancing, grandfather is dancing,
Dancing brother and neighbor

"Italian", "Old French", "German" and "Neapolitan" songs are a kind of "pages from a traveler's diary": their melodies were recorded by the composer during a trip abroad in 1878.

Tchaikovsky told how in Florence, in Italy, on the street, he once heard a ten-year-old boy playing with a guitar, surrounded by a crowd of people. "He sang in a wonderfully thick bass voice with a warmth that is rarely found in real artists." The text of the song, heard from a street boy-singer, struck the composer with the contrast of the appearance of the child-performer and tragic content and he remade this song into a piece for the piano.

In "The Neapolitan Song" Tchaikovsky used a truly folk Italian melody. This piece is one of the most famous melodies. Pyotr Ilyich himself also loved this music, and on its basis he subsequently created the famous “Neapolitan Dance” for the ballet “ Swan Lake". In the listener's imagination, a picture of a cheerful Italian carnival clearly arises - Tchaikovsky watched it more than once when he was in Italy.

I have loved this evergreen land forever!
Ah, Naples, a place dear to my heart,
I won't part with you
My Naples, never.
Everything around here is mine -
And they gave boundless, and elegant buildings,
And the streets are not long, and the old squares,
And boats on the sand, and Vesuvius itself in the distance.

The "Old French Song" embodies a French folk melody.

In The German Song, Tchaikovsky uses a Tyrolean motif. And it also looks like an old and popular dance in Germany and Austria - Lendler.

The wanderings are ending. The final microcycle of the "Children's Album" (No. 19-24) - a peculiar

"Homecoming".

"Nanny's Tale"

"Baba Yaga"

From the sharp chords of "Nanny's Tale" it seems to grow nightmare"Baba Yaga"

"Sweet dream"

A terrible dream is replaced by a sweet-sensual "Sweet Dream"

Peace of mind comes in three recent plays, the final microcycle of the "Album".

"Song of the Lark"

It opens with "Song of the Lark" - morning, the end of nightmares and languid dreams. This musical landscape with the image of a lovely bird and its unforgettable trills.

She is replaced by the play "The Organ Grinder Sings". This play is a genre-characteristic sketch, the sounds of which depict an old man. He twists the handle of the hurdy-gurdy and beautiful drawn-out sounds pour out of it. Another Italian (Venetian) motif is taken as the basis of the play "The Organ Grinder Sings". An unpretentious, but wisely calm theme dispels the gloomy thoughts of a child.

"In the church"

The collection ends with the play "In the Church". Thus, the first and last numbers connected by a kind of arch; common in both cases is a solemn enlightened religious principle. The majestic and mournful choir "In the Church" is based on the true church theme of the penitential psalm.

Tchaikovsky's collection is one of the best examples of children's musical literature. "Children's Album" is the most valuable contribution to the world piano literature, which served as an example for a number of collections written by composers different countries. Under the undoubted influence of Tchaikovsky are almost all Russian composers - authors of children's plays.

Let us recall the collections of Grechaninov, Gedik, Kabalevsky and many other albums and individual children's plays.

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Discipline: Analysis of a musical work

Analysis of the three-part form of the musical work "New Doll"

1. Information about the composer and his work

Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich (1840-1893), composer, conductor, teacher.

Born on May 7, 1840 in a village at the Kamsko-Votkinsk plant (now the city of Votkinsk, Udmurtia) in the family of a mining engineer. In 1850, the family moved to St. Petersburg, and Tchaikovsky entered the School of Law, from which he graduated in 1859.

He received the rank of titular councilor and a position in the Ministry of Justice. But the love of music turned out to be stronger - in 1862 the young man passed the exams at the then newly opened St. Petersburg Conservatory. In 1863, he left the service, and after graduating with a silver medal from the conservatory (1866), he was invited to take up a professorship at the Moscow Conservatory.

In 1866, Tchaikovsky wrote the First Symphony ("Winter Dreams"), in 1869 - the opera "Voevoda" and the fantasy overture "Romeo and Juliet", in 1875 - the famous First piano concert, in 1876 - the ballet "Swan Lake".

At the end of the 70s. the composer experienced a severe mental crisis associated with an unsuccessful marriage, in 1878 he left teaching. Nevertheless, it was precisely in this year that one of his best works was created - the opera "Eugene Onegin" based on the plot of A. S. Pushkin.

The real peak was the opera " Queen of Spades"(1890), also on the plot of Pushkin. In 1891, Tchaikovsky wrote his last opera"Iolanta". He also composed music for ballets: The Sleeping Beauty, 1889; The Nutcracker, 1892. The rise of Tchaikovsky as a symphonist is revealed in his Sixth Symphony (1893).

The composer constantly turned to small forms. He is the author of 100 romances, which are the pearls of vocal lyrics, as well as more than 100 piano pieces(including the cycles "The Seasons", 1876, and "Children's Album", 1878). Tchaikovsky's work was highly appreciated during his lifetime - in 1885 he was elected director of the Russian musical society, in 1892 he became a corresponding member of the French Academy of Fine Arts, in 1893 - an honorary doctorate from the University of Cambridge.

Pyotr Ilyich spent the last years of his life in Klin near Moscow, where in 1892 he bought a house (since 1894 the composer's museum).

2. Characteristics of the cycle

The time of creation of the "Children's Album" P.I. Tchaikovsky.

"Children's Album" by P.I. Tchaikovsky belongs to the cycle of piano pieces.

The composer's intention of writing baby cycle can be attributed to February 1878. Tchaikovsky was on a trip abroad. In one of his letters to acquaintances, he announces his desire to create a small collection of easy plays for children's performance. The vacation was completely over in May 1878. Musical numbers are interconnected in small microcycles. The depth of the subtext, the difficult life period, was hidden under the melodic intonations of Tchaikovsky. "Children's Album", the history of which is connected with the family of the composer's sister, deserves to be called a masterpiece.

Analysis of the pieces included in the "Children's Album" by P.I. Tchaikovsky

With extraordinary sensitivity and subtle understanding of child psychology, the composer reflected in the "Children's Album" the life and life of the children of the environment that surrounded him every day. There are 24 pieces in the "Children's Album" that are not connected by a single theme. All the plays of the cycle are programmatic, each contains a specific plot, live poetic content. The collection contains wide circle images. This:

pictures of nature - "Winter Morning", "Song of the Lark".

children's games - "Game of horses", "Doll illness", "Doll funeral", "New doll", "March of wooden soldiers".

Russian characters are vividly depicted folk tales- "Nanny's Tale", "Baba Yaga", Russian folk art- "Russian song", "A man plays the harmonica", "Kamarinskaya".

songs of other peoples - "Italian song", "Old French song", "German song", "Neapolitan song".

The cycle contains elements of figurativeness - "The Organ Grinder Sings" and onomatopoeia - "Song of the Lark".

Tchaikovsky, without resorting to simplification, draws a rich inner world child in the plays "Morning Reflection", "Sweet Dream" and "Chorus".

Pieces included in the "Children's Album":

1. Morning prayer

2. Winter morning

3. The game of horses

5. March of wooden soldiers

6. Doll disease

7. Doll funeral

8.New doll

9. Waltz 10. Mazurka

11. Russian song

12. A man plays the harmonica

13.Kamarinskaya

15.Italian song

16. Old French song

17. German song

18. Neapolitan song

19. Nanny's tale

20. Baba Yaga

21. Sweet Dream

22. Song of the lark

23. Organ grinder sings

24. In the church

3. A holistic musical-theoretical analysis of the analyzed work

musical piece Tchaikovsky composer

The nature and programming of the play "The New Doll".

The play "New Doll" is a subtle psychological sketch - the joy of a girl about a wonderful gift - a new doll.

The play is very joyful, swift, flying. The girl is so happy with her new toy! Together with her doll, she spins, dances and, probably, feels very happy. The performing means are rhythmic and textural monotony: in the extreme parts of the piece, the repetition of a rhythmic figure - a quarter and an eighth, and in the middle - two eighths separated by pauses. In the extreme parts, the development and variety of wonderful expressiveness, flight, soft aspiration of the melody will be helped by the dynamics and subtle articulatory indications set by the author. These parts are performed as if "in one breath", achieving gradual dynamics.

In the middle part of the piece, the "breathing" melody is traced behind the flexibility of intonations and the continuity of the development of music. In the dynamics accurately presented by the author, the climax falls on bars 24-25. without changing the general joyful mood, pauses appear in the melody between short motifs of two sounds, conveying, as it were, rapid breathing. By the end of the middle part, the excitement passes; the music of the first part returns.

"The New Doll" is a program play. Its name "programs" the mood and content, already underway an idea of ​​what to expect before listening to the first sounds of the piece.

Musical analysis of the play.

In the melody are heard emotional feelings, the joy of the girl to the new doll.

The tonality of the product is Bb-dur (B b major), with a key of 2 signs-si? mi?

The size of the work - 3/8

The form of the play is three-part

Tempo-Allegro (coming soon)

3) Structural analysis period.

The play has a period of non-square structure.

Thematically, parts 1 and 3 are similar, because 3 is a repetition of part 1. Part 2 is the middle of the whole play (climax).

The main tone of the play "New Doll" Bb-dur. During the performance of the work, this tonality practically does not undergo changes caused by deviations and modulations.

The work has a rhythmic motif. The characteristic rhythmic formula, the abstract aspect of the melody.

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Quote message Through the pages of "Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky. Music in pictures

I have already referred to this wonderful work here:

Today, all the pieces from this album will be performed by the Gnessin Virtuosos Chamber Orchestra. Artistic director and conductor Mikhail Khokhlov. Videos made using drawings young artists IV children's festival Arts "January Evenings" (2010)

In March 1878, P.I. Tchaikovsky arrived at the estate of his sister Alexandra Ilyinichna Davydova.

AND menie A . I. Davydova
Now the museum of P.I. Tchaikovsky and A.S. Pushkin

In Kamenka, he fell unexpectedly, like snow on his head, and made a joyful commotion. The children of Alexandra Ilyinichna gave him such a concert that he had to plug his ears. Again the house resounded with "sweet, heavenly" sounds. Pyotr Ilyich settled comfortably in his room and was already scribbling something at his desk. A few days later he said:

Here, these pichugs, - he pointed to the children, - certainly want me to write "everything to the drop" in their album. I will write, do not be afraid. Write and play!

And he wrote for the "Children's Album" and played them with children.

Various children's games, dances, random impressions found their place in the album. Music both happy and sad ...

morning prayer

Lord God! Save, warm up
Make us better, make us better.
Lord God! Save, save!
Give us the power of your love.

Winter morning

Mother

Mom, very very
I love you!
So love that at night
I don't sleep in the dark.
I peer into the darkness
Dawn hurry.
I love you all the time
Mommy, I love it!
Here the dawn shines.
Here is the dawn.
Nobody in the world
There is no better mother!

Kostas Kubilinskas

Horse game

On my horse I fly like a whirlwind,
I really want to become a brave hussar.
Dear horse, riding on you
I gallop across the meadow famously with the breeze.

Brand new, beautiful soldiers and attract to them. They are just like real ones, you can line them up and send them to the parade. So they know how to march like real ones, but it’s so great that it just pulls you to march with them.

March of the wooden soldiers

We wooden soldiers,
We march left-right.
We are the guardians of the fairy gates,
We guard them all year round.
We march clearly, bravo.
We are not afraid of obstacles.
We protect the town
Where does music live?

While playing, children invent the most incredible stories. Looking at them, Pyotr Ilyich also came up with his own story and told it to the children, and not just told it. This story fit into three plays, which the children heard.

The first story told about the girl Sashenka, who loved to play with her doll. But suddenly the doll got sick. The doll lies in the crib, complains. He asks for a drink.

Doll sickness

The girl is very sorry for her doll. Doctors are called to her, but nothing helps. The doll is dead.

The play "Doll's Illness" is followed by "Doll's Funeral".

Everyone came to the funeral, all the toys. After all, they loved the doll so much! A small toy orchestra accompanies the doll: The monkey plays the trumpet. The bunny is on the drum, and the Bear strikes the timpani. Poor, old Teddy bear He was completely wet with tears.

Doll funeral

The doll was buried in the garden, next to rose bush and the whole grave was decorated with flowers. And then, one day, my father's friend came to visit.

He had a box in his hands.

- This is for you, Sashenka! - he said.
“What is it?” Sashenka thought, burning with curiosity.

A friend untied the ribbon, opened the lid and handed the box to the girl ...

There lay lovely doll. She had big blue eyes. When the doll was shaken, the eyes opened and closed. A pretty little mouth smiled at the girl. Blond curly hair fell over her shoulders. And from under the velvet dress, white stockings and black patent leather shoes were visible. A real beauty!

Sashenka looked at the doll and couldn't get enough of it.

- Well. What are you? Take it, it's yours, - said my father's friend.

The girl reached out and took the doll out of the box. A feeling of joy and happiness overwhelmed her. The girl impulsively pressed the doll to her chest and whirled around the room with her, as if in a waltz.

What a blessing to receive such a gift! Sasha thought.

New doll

The petals have grown cold
Open lips, childishly wet, -
And the hall floats, floats in lingering
Songs of happiness and longing.
The radiance of chandeliers and the swell of mirrors
Merged into one crystal mirage -
And it blows, the ball wind blows
The warmth of fragrant fans.

I. Bunin

Waltz

Mazurka

"I grew up in the wilderness, from my earliest childhood, I was imbued with the inexplicable beauty of the characteristic features of Russian folk music," wrote Tchaikovsky. Childhood impressions of the composer, his love for folk song, dance reflected in three plays"Children's Album": these are "Russian Song", "A Man Plays the Harmonica" and "Kamarinskaya".

Kamarinskaya

In Kamarinskaya, a balalaika tune is imitated. And it was written in the form of variations, which is very characteristic of Russian music.

Genre: Piano miniature in C minor from the cycle "Children's Album", op. Z9.

In music written for children, one feels careful attitude to the experiences of the child, understanding their depth and significance. Listening to this play, you pay attention to the seriousness, genuineness of feelings little hero on the respect with which the composer treats the personality of the child.

It was no coincidence that Tchaikovsky gave the subtitle to his cycle “In imitation of Schumann”. This play unwittingly reminds of "The First Loss" from "Album for Youth" by R. Schumann.

The play is permeated with the characteristic rhythm of a typical funeral march, but this feature does not really make a funeral march out of the play. Sometimes in the literature one can come across the assertion that here Tchaikovsky reproduced the sound of the choir. It seems to us that this music can rather be imagined in an orchestral rather than a choral version. But be that as it may, both while performing and listening to this piece, one should not take everything too seriously. Still, the composer creates the impression of a funeral with sounds dolls: the element of the game here should not completely disappear.

This one-page play is written as a three-movement (favorite musical form P. Tchaikovsky in piano miniatures). If we imagine it in an orchestral sound, that the extreme (identical) parts are associated with wind instruments, while the music middle part could be performed by strings, for example, by a string quartet.

Notes

1 Here is a good opportunity to talk not only about the art of composing music and not only about the art of performing it, but also about the art of listening to it. Of course, no one has the right to forbid the listener to have certain ideas and fantasies, but sometimes these fantasies are initially directed in the wrong direction. The 20th century, with its cataclysmic world cataclysms, prompts - and this is quite natural - to look at many things in the past (and what came from the past) through the prism of this human experience. As a result, such popular work like Haydn's "Farewell" symphony, written as humorous or, to put it mildly, ironic, is perceived as tragic.

© Alexander MAYKAPAR