Sound surrounds us from birth. You can not think about them at all, pay no attention - they do not always bother us. But we are so accustomed to everyday urban noise that without it we even miss something.
♦ What sounds can be heard on the streets of a big city?
Of course, on the city streets you can hear the noise of transport, the voices of people.
The sounds we hear in nature are completely different. This is the sound of rain, thunder, the rustle of leaves, bird singing, splashing sea waves, the murmur of streams, the ringing of drops, the drawn-out howl of the wind.
For the composer, the most ordinary sounds are woven into a beautiful melody.
Listen to the poem.
Composer
The composer hears the music
In the sound of rain and thunder,
The composer will write down the notes in the notebook,
And the musicians will perform the sonata.
The composer hears the music
In the rustle of leaves, in the splash of the surf.
The composer will write down the notes in the notebook -
We will sing a song with you!
You probably already know that a composer is a person who composes music.
Composer - latin word, which means "writer". Many composers wrote and now write music for children.
The wonderful Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky created a whole cycle of works for kids and called it "Children's Album". There are such musical pieces for piano as: "Game of horses", "Mother", " New doll”, “March wooden soldiers».
Writer T. Abrahamyan tells about Johann Sebastian Bach: “The greatest German composer...composed music for the education of his children. And, probably, he did not suspect that the children of the whole world would become his "musical children" for all future times.
After all, Bach's music is still an excellent, indispensable school for beginner musicians.
Wrote music for children and wonderful French composer Camille Saint-Saens. In his famous suite "Carnival of the Animals", written for orchestra, the voices of birds and animals sound.
Songs, marches, operas and ballets for children have been and are being written by many contemporary composers.
In addition to numerous musical works by S.S. Prokofiev, for example, created a wonderful symphonic fairy tale for children "Peter and the Wolf", as well as "The Winter Fire" - a suite for readers to the words of S. Marshak, the boys' choir and symphony orchestra.
Composer Gennady Gladkov wrote the music for the popular cartoon " The Bremen Town Musicians", and his namesake - Grigory Gladkov - to the cartoon "Plasticine Crow" and many others.
I think many of you know and love songs to the music of Vladimir Shainsky: “Blue Wagon”, “Smile”, “Song of the Crocodile Gena” and Dmitry Kabalevsky “Our Land”, “ School years" and many others.
♦ How does the composer record the melody he created?
He does this with special icons called notes. The word "note" in Latin means "sign".
♦ How many notes do you think there are?
Right! There are exactly seven of them: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si.
Notes are arranged on five note lines - musical staff. Imagine that the composer composed a melody and wrote it down on a piece of paper. music paper. What needs to be done so that we can hear this melody? It can be sung or performed on any musical instrument.
♦ What do you know musical instruments?
Right! Violin, piano, button accordion, guitar, balalaika, psaltery, harp, cello, flute... There are a lot of musical instruments, but they can be divided into several groups.
When ancient people danced around the fire, they set the rhythm of the dance by hitting stone on stone. Then people replaced the stones with mallets, rattles, rattles from dried fruits, inside of which small pebbles were placed. From these primitive instruments came percussion instruments - a drum, a tambourine, a triangle, bells, bells, a xylophone, cymbals, timpani. Sounds arise in them when struck with a hand, fingers, a metal stick or a special mallet. The cymbals must be struck one against the other, and the tambourine must be shaken.
Listen to the poem.
Drum
I woke up early in the morning
And he went for a walk.
Banged on the drum
Loud-loud, loud-loud:
There-there, there-there
Have fun beating the drum!
The janitor Fedya was surprised:
Why are you up so early?
Wake up all the neighbors
You better not drum.
In those distant times, when people hunted wild animals with bows and arrows, they noticed that if you lightly touch the tightly stretched bowstring with your fingers, it starts to sound, making beautiful sounds. It was then that the first appeared plucked stringed instruments: cithara, lyre, harp.
These instruments are called string-plucked instruments because they have tight stretched strings, which begin to "sing" if they are touched or pinched with fingers.
IN Ancient Rus' musicians at merry feasts in princely chambers played the harp, balalaika and domra. About 300 years ago, a new stringed musical instrument appeared in Spain, which is so popular and beloved today - the guitar. Violin, cello and double bass - too stringed instruments, but the sound in them is extracted not with fingers, but with the help of a bow. The bow is a long cane with a stretched horsehair. The musicians hold the bow right hand and lead them along the strings.
Listen to the poem.
Violin
You touched the string with your bow,
Magic tunes.
Either sadness or joy sounds in them
And touches my soul
I am a violin virtuoso
I can listen all evening!
In the old days, shepherds in the villages often played on a pipe with several holes, made from an ordinary reed. Its sound was melodious, gentle, reminiscent of the murmur of a spring stream. This musical instrument was called a pity. It resembles a shepherd's horn made of birch bark, but at the horn the tube expands and ends with a bell *, and at the pit, the lower end of the tube is inserted into the bell of a cow's horn. There are holes on the side stacks of the zhaleyka. By pinching them with your fingers, you can extract sounds of different pitches. Zhaleika can be heard even in the orchestra of Russian folk instruments.
Listen to the poems.
shepherd's horn
I will sit on a drier stump,
I will gather the cows in a circle,
I'll take it out of the shepherd's bag
Birch horn.
Cows will hear the horn
They will respond lingeringly: "Moo-oo-oo."
Playing louder, then quieter
I will lead the herd to the village.
Later, zhaleyki began to be made from different types of trees. This is how the flute, oboe and clarinet appeared.
Like ice, silver
He floats in the sky
Filling the sky
The forest and fields hear the flute,
Hears a ripe yellow spike.
The ear whispers: “How beautiful
The word "clarinet" means "clear",
He is either lingering or softly melodious,
It is very warm, juicy and sonorous.
Dear guys, you have probably all seen the sea shell. Perhaps you have such a sink at home. Try to blow into its pointed end and you will hear a long drawl. Even in ancient times, people knew about this property of sea shells and made wind musical instruments from them. In them, sound is extracted with the help of air. Previously, these instruments were made of leather, ivory, and now they are made of copper. After all, copper is a “melodious” metal. The most famous wind instruments include flute, oboe, clarinet, trumpet, horn, trombone, saxophone and tuba.
But we have not yet talked about this musical instrument. It can be seen in kindergarten and school, in the concert hall and theater. Some of you have it at home.
♦ Guess what musical instrument we are talking about?
Of course, about the piano! This instrument is perhaps the most popular in the world, it is an indispensable assistant for both the singer and the composer. The older "brother" of the piano is the piano. The name of this musical instrument comes from two words at once: “forte” means “loudly”, and “piano” means “quietly”. The piano is a polyphonic instrument: you can play a melody on it and pick up an accompaniment to it.
Large concert halls usually adorns a concert grand piano, reminiscent of a piano, but more massive than it. Both the piano and the piano can be played quieter, louder, linking sounds, or playing a jerky staccato.
Listen to the poem.
rain musician
Drip, drip, drip - drops fell.
Knocked: knock, knock, knock.
And the herons immediately recognized
Rain is a cheerful sound.
The rain played staccato
Like the keys of a piano
And, escaping from the sloping roofs,
The drops were loud.
Rain abruptly and loudly
Fell into the grass here and there.
Like the fingers of a child
He was playing a sketch in the garden!
Singers and singers performing musical works, have voices of different timbre and pitch.
Answer the questions
♦ What is a person who composes music called?
♦ What does a composer use to write down music on a sheet of paper?
♦ How many notes are there? Name them.
♦ What musical instruments do you know?
♦ Why is the drum called percussion instrument?
♦ What does a drummer use to beat a drum roll?
♦ What instruments are plucked strings? Why are they called that?
♦ What instrument is the violin? What does a violinist use to make sounds when playing it?
♦ What musical instruments are called wind instruments? What were they made from before? What are they made from now?
♦ Why do you think people need music?
Let's go to Germany who gave the world so many wonderful musicians. To get to know them, we have to travel more than 300 years ago. Here we are waiting for a meeting with Georg Friedrich Handel. Not far from the place where Handel was born, another great composer- Johann Sebastian Bach.
Bach was born into a family that is considered the largest musical dynasty in Germany. In some medieval German dialects, the surname "Bach" became a household name and received the meaning "city musician".
Further we go to Bonn. Ludwig van Beethoven is waiting for the guys here. Here is the house in which the composer lived, here is the room in which he was born. Here is the Market Square. This is how Beethoven saw her. All this can be seen. Just like Beethoven himself once, we are going to visit Joseph Haydn, a recognized Viennese authority in the field of instrumental music.
We are going to Austria. Franz Joseph Haydn born March 31, 1732 in Lower Austria, the composer's whole life passes before us. Here you can see the house where Haydn was born. here we get to an interesting concert. When there are few musicians and the public and everyone seems to have known each other for a long time, it turns out home concert. Then you can look into the Haydn House Museum in the suburbs of Vienna.
From Vienna we go to the famous Salzburg. Why is the city so famous? The fact that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born here. We find ourselves in the capital of a small principality. Here is the street of old Salzburg. Mozart must have walked here. This is the house where Mozart was born. The whole life of the great composer is before us. Read Old Cricket's Tales - sun bunny Mozart, you can't tell better about Mozart.
The power of music is great. Different musical styles affect us in different ways. Mozart's music has unique property treat. How and what scientists have found out about music that can heal. What kind of music is recommended for children to listen to. All this can be found here.
And we go further in our journey waiting for us ... again Germany, city of Zwickau. It was here that the German composer and pianist Robert Schumann was born. Here we will see the Schumann House. We learn a lot of interesting things from the biography of the composer. We will see the Monument to R. Schumann in Zwickau, we will visit the grave of Robert and Clara Schumann.
We continue the journey. We have to get into Austria-Hungary, Franz Liszt is waiting for us there, then our path lies in Poland. There we will meet the great Polish composer Frederic Chopin. Like Glinka's music, Chopin's works are thoroughly permeated with Slavic intonations. The music itself calls us back to our homeland. We go to Russia
Here we are waiting for M. I. Glinka, A. S. Dargomyzhsky, A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, P. I. Tchaikovsky, N. A. Rimsky - Korsakov.
In order for our interesting trip continued, the information will be constantly updated.
Olga Konovalova
Composers for children
Composers for children.
Children's music surrounds the younger generation everywhere, from the first games, ending with everyday trips in transport. However, what children will listen to at the age when they themselves will be able to choose depends largely on the parents, so it will not be superfluous to instill aesthetic culture, beginning with preschool age– this is emphasized by both teachers and psychologists. In addition, researchers have long proven that classical music has a positive effect on creativity and mental capacity child.
Children's interest in music can be seen from early age. At the same time, often questions related to the development of the baby's world practically do not concern their parents. In fact, it is very important for preschool children to develop musicality and love for music.
The world of childhood is very large and full of fantasy, so the musical Child's world also wide and varied. These are songs, and symphonies, operas and ballets, and many, many plays.
Composing music for children and youth, composers care about so that its plot is interesting and understandable to a small creature. IN different countries ah for long years many outstanding works children's music.
Children's music in the work of many composers at all times had special meaning. She reflected the memories associated with the most beautiful times in the life of every person - childhood.
In our time, musical works for children are very relevant and have an important educational, social and professional value. They help the development of imagination, figurative thinking, the formation of personality, the choice of profession, etc.
For the children of my group, I made a catalog of famous composers.
Related publications:
Composers are joking. Music listening class for preschool children"COMPOSERS JOKE" Music listening class for older preschool children Purpose: Development of musical responsiveness to humorous ones.
Poems "Dedicated to Children" Author's verses. "Dedicated to Children" Let everything be perishable in the mortal world, We are only guests on the planet, But the unshakable refrain Remains: “Happiness.
For children about cats To those who are kind and gentle with a cat, A cat can become a friend, But to an offender, however, A cat can give back. All domestic cats are so different.
Card file of children's composers in kindergarten helps educators and music directors V short form introduce children to
Summary of the lesson "Kuban composers and their work" Purpose: to get to know musical creativity countrymen, composers of the Kuban Tasks: development of the skill of listening to music; - fostering love for the little one.
Project "Space for Children" The project "For children about space" Topicality of the topic. One of the stages cognitive development preschoolers - this is an acquaintance with the concept of "planet".
Project "Storyteller Composers" Relevance of the topic at the present time great attention is given to the moral and patriotic education of the younger generation. From early.
How did children's music come about?
The inner world of a child is very different from inner world adult person. This means that music created for children should not only be clear in structure and uncomplicated in performance, but also have a special range of images that are close and understandable to children. And therefore, the music of "children's albums" by various composers, as a rule, is dedicated to what children live every day of their lives: games and fun, fairy tales and horror stories, real people And fictional characters. In addition, like children's literature, children's music is designed to tell children about kindness and justice, broaden their horizons, teach them to deeply feel and express different emotions.Composers paid attention to the fact that music for children should be composed differently from works for adults, only in mid-nineteenth century. Prior to this, there was only a certain pedagogical repertoire, which included pieces for beginning musicians who did not have to be children at all. For example, the famous Notebook Anna Magdalena Bach", minuets and polonaises from which are now included in the mandatory repertoire of children's music schools, Johann Sebastian Bach compiled for his second wife, who at that time was quite an adult girl.
In fact, children's music began with the Album for Youth (Album für die Jugend, 1843) by Robert Schumann (1810–1856). Of his two notebooks, only the first contains music for children. It's called "For younger age- and still enjoys love music teachers. The pieces from the second part of the album, "For the Older Age", did not become as popular because they were both too difficult for children and too easy for children. young musicians older.
"Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky
« children's album» (1878) by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, written as indicated on title page, "in imitation of Schumann", became not only the next step in the development of children's music, but also the unsurpassed pinnacle of this genre so far. The "imitation" of Schumann was expressed not so much in the sound of the music of this album, but in the very idea of a collection of plays intended for children, and in the use similar images: a game of soldiers ("Soldier's March" by Schumann and "March of Wooden Soldiers" by Tchaikovsky), a toy horse ("Brave Rider" and "Game of Horses"), horror stories ("Santa Claus" and "Baba Yaga"), people from the people (“A cheerful peasant returning home from work” and “A man plays the harmonica”), a church theme (“Choral” and “In the Church”) and many others.Robert Schumann, The Bold Rider. Performed by Vitalina Efremova
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, "Game of horses". Performed by Denis Kirillov
Unlike Schumann's Album for Youth, Tchaikovsky's Children's Album was a real cycle, the plays of which are united even by some internal plot. The "Children's Album" describes one day in the life of a child from a family of the circle to which Tchaikovsky himself belonged. It begins with a prayer (" morning prayer”) and ends with singing from the temple (“In the church”). It has close people (“Mom”, “Nanny's Tale”), and favorite fun (“Game of Horses”, “March of Wooden Soldiers”), and dreams and memories (“Sweet Dreams”, “Song of the Lark”, “ The organ grinder sings). A special place in the "Children's Album" is occupied by internal mini-cycles: a suite of dances ("Waltz", "Mazurka", "Polka"), a suite of songs and a story about a doll.
Playing with toys, the child is partly playing adult life. He already knows that people get sick and even die. In the play "The Doll's Illness", perhaps the most famous of the entire album, Tchaikovsky managed to convey sadness in just a few notes. And the following “Doll Funeral” echoes with “ Funeral march on the death of a hero" from the 12th piano sonata Ludwig van Beethoven. The play “The New Doll”, which completes this mini-cycle, not only reflects the joy of the child about the donated toy, but also conceals philosophical idea about the cycle of life and even edification: everything happens, everything passes, rejoice in the present.
About children and for children
The line of "children's albums" was continued by "Spikers" (1900) by Samuil Maykapar, "Children's Album" (1923) by Alexander Grechaninov, "Children's Music" (1935) by Sergei Prokofiev and others. The pieces from these collections ideally meet the requirements of children's music: structural clarity, simplicity for performance and a "childish" range of images - and therefore they are actively studied in music schools.Samuil Maykapar, "The Shepherd Boy" from the "Spikins" cycle. Performed by Maria Kunitsyna
Sergei Prokofiev, "Fairy Tale" from the collection "Children's Music". Performed by Tikhon Silvestrov
In addition to children's music intended for independent performance by children, there are a number of works written for children's hearing, moreover, children themselves are unlikely to be able to perform them properly. These are the suites "Children's Games" ("Jeux d'enfants", 1871) by Georges Bizet and "Children's Corner" ("Children's Corner", 1908) by Claude Debussy, fairy tales by Sergei Prokofiev " ugly duck” (1914) to a text by Hans Christian Andersen and “Peter and the Wolf” (1936), conceived as a children's guide to the instruments of a symphony orchestra.
There is also music “for adults about children”: piano cycle"Children's Scenes" ("Kinderszenen", 1838) by Robert Schumann, the vocal cycle "Children's" (1873) by Modest Mussorgsky, "Three Children's Scenes" (1926) by Alexander Mosolov and other works. In them, children no longer act as the target audience, but as one of the characteristic images or themes of adult art. The children themselves are no longer able not only to play such music, but sometimes even to understand its meaning.
The world of childhood is very large and full of fantasy, so the musical world of children is also vast and diverse. These are songs, and symphonies, operas and ballets, and many, many plays.
Composing music for children and youth, composers make sure that its plot is interesting and understandable to a small creature. And if the compositions are written for performance by the children themselves, the composer must also take into account the possibilities children's voice to know what the inexperienced hands of young musicians can play. He should be well versed in the interests of the guys different ages: what a preschooler will love is unlikely to captivate a teenage student. Over the years, many outstanding works of children's music have been created in different countries. Johann Sebastian Bach
The Great himself taught music to his children and composed for them special exercises and plays, and also created the Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach. 
–
the ancestor of the classical symphony - also did not bypass the children's theme and wrote a symphony called "Children's". Like other symphonies, it is distinguished by liveliness and melodiousness. Childishness is given to her by instruments that are not part of the symphony orchestra. This is a whole set of toy instruments: a cuckoo, a rattle, a clay nightingale. 
The French composer wrote 12 pieces "Games for Children" for piano four hands. The composer combined five of them into a suite of the same name for a symphony orchestra. 
Another French composer - - composed "The Carnival of the Animals" - a fantasy for two pianos and an orchestra. In it, with great skill, he was able to convey the character of a variety of animals: the formidable growl of a lion, the cackling of chickens, the crowing of a rooster, the heavy tread and good-natured character of an elephant, the lyrical mood of a swan. 
Many major composers of the past, sometimes they turned to music for children, but only a few devoted a significant part of their work to it. One of the first among them was a German composer. He created the piano album "Album for Youth" - pieces of varying difficulty. For the younger ones - such as "March of Soldiers", "Brave Rider", "Cheerful Peasant"; and for the older ones - "Echoes of the Theater", "Stranger", etc. 
Fascinated by Schumann's "Album for Youth", he created his own for piano, and then "Sixteen Songs for Children". Pyotr Ilyich did not stop there, and turned to others musical genres. The result of this appeal was ballets, The Sleeping Beauty, as well as music for the fairy tale The Snow Maiden. 
To the fairy-tale theme, where good is always beautiful, and evil is ugly, where vice is punished and justice triumphs, in his work he addressed and ON THE.. An example is the magnificent operas based on Russian fairy tales: The Snow Maiden, The Tale of Tsar Saltan and Sadko. 
fantasy world, fairy tales was especially close to Debussy's younger contemporary -. And from under his pen appear such works as " natural histories”(song cycle for middle voice and piano), “Mother Goose” (pieces for piano based on the fairy tales of Perrault and Madame d’Onois), “Child and Magic” (lyrical fantasy for choir and orchestra). 
An outstanding Russian composer composed children's songs based on the texts of Russian folk jokes. 
In the 20th century, following Schumann and Tchaikovsky, composers from around the world wrote for children. The Frenchman composed the ballet "Toy Box" (about the pranks and pranks of toys come to life) and the album for piano "Children's Corner". 
Another cycle of plays can be attributed to the children's theme - this is "Pictures at an Exhibition". Thanks to bright, fabulous, unrealistic images, this cycle has become very popular among children. But why did this happen? Probably because Mussorgsky looked at children as people with a peculiar world, and not as funny dolls, and understood them well. He expressed his sincere love for them in vocal cycle"Children's". This is not children's music written for pedagogical educational purposes, and not to be performed by the children themselves. These are songs for adults, but written from the perspective of a child. 
Hungarian composer and the teacher considered the basis musical education and children's education folk art. His pieces from the piano collection "Children" gradually introduce students to the world of modern music. 
Sergei Prokofiev
The world of children and youth captured in musical images, is one of the most important creative appearance Soviet composer. He wrote many works especially for children or about children. Prokofiev often and willingly turned to fairy tales, beloved and close to the children. Also in early years he composed the music for the text famous fairy tale Andersen "The Ugly Duckling", and in maturity put fairy tales the basis of his wonderful ballets Cinderella and The Tale of stone flower". Among the "fabulous" works of Prokofiev, we will also find the most poetic piano pieces"Fairy tales old grandmother”, and the mischievous ballet “The Tale of the Jester Who Outwitted Seven Jesters”. And next to this Russian-fairy-tale ballet is an opera based on an Italian fairy tale, imbued with the same sharp humor. Carlo Gozzi"The Love for Three Oranges". Adjacent to this is the beloved by children all over the world. symphonic tale"Peter and the Wolf", listening to which the guys not only get great pleasure, but also visually get acquainted with the main instruments of the symphony orchestra. He also has piano works for children. This is a collection of 12 plot plays for children, which is called - "Children's Music". 
Carl Orff
