You need to know some (sometimes the simplest) features of the formation of proper names in certain national languages. Most often, the differences go to the endings. It is not difficult to remember that Georgians are in "-shvili" and "-dze"; Ukrainians - on "enko" and "yuk"; Armenians start with "-yan", etc. etc. Then various nuances are already clarified. That Aivazov, Aivazyan and Aivazovsky belong to the same nation. But Gribovskaya and Grybauskaite are different. That is, the roots also mean something. A special chic when some small ethnic group has been among big nation, and mastered the language, and the system of formation of personal names. But with my national specifics. It is closely connected with the history of peoples. With the peculiarity of languages. But sometimes it just flashes, for example, something like this Russian name for some reason, even more popular among one small people, and not among the Russians themselves.
At the end and suffix. Having rummaged through the Internet and based on personal experience, compiled a list of traditional national suffixes and endings for residents of European countries:
Russians - use surnames with suffixes -in, -yn -ov, -ev, -skoy, -tskoy, -ih, -yh (Snegirev, Ivanov, Voronin, Sinitsyn, Donskoy, Moskovskikh, Sedykh);
Ukrainians - the first group of surnames of a given nationality is formed with the help of suffixes -enko, -ko, -uk, -yuk (Kreschenko, Grishko, Vasilyuk, Kovalchuk); the second group denotes the kind of any craft or occupation (Potter, Koval); the third group of surnames are individual Ukrainian words(Gorobets, Ukrainian, Parubok), as well as a merger of words (Vernigora, Nepiyvoda, Bilous);
Belarusians - typical Belarusian surnames end in -ich, -chik, -ka, -ko, -onak, -yonak (Radkevich, Dubrovka, Parshonok, Kukharchik, Kastsyushka); many surnames in Soviet years were Russified and Polished (Dubrovsky, Kosciuszko);
Latvians - belonging to the masculine gender is indicated by a surname ending in -s, -is, and feminine - in -a, -e (Verbitskis - Verbitska, Shurins - Shurin)
Lithuanians - male surnames end in -onis, -unas, -utis, -aitis, -enas (Pyatrenas, Norvydaitis), female surnames are formed from the husband's surname using the suffixes -en, -yuven, -uven and the endings -е (Grinius - Grinyuvene), surnames same unmarried girls contain the basis of the father's surname with the addition of suffixes -ut, -yut, -ayt and endings -e (Orbakas - Orbakaite)
Estonians - masculine and feminine with the help of surnames are not distinguished, all foreign surnames (mostly German) were Estonianized at one time (Rosenberg - Roozimäe), this process is still valid today, so, for example, to be able to play for the national team Estonian footballers Sergei Khokhlov and Konstantin Kolbasenko had to change their surnames to Simson and Nahk;
Poles - most of the surnames have the suffix -sk, -tsk, and the ending -y (-th), indicating masculine and feminine gender (Sushitsky, Kovalskaya, Khodetsky, Volnitskaya); also exist double surnames, if a woman, when getting married, wants to leave her last name too (Mazur-Komorovskaya); in addition to these surnames, surnames with an unchanged form are also common among Poles (Nowak, Sienkiewicz, Wuytsik, Wozniak)
French - many surnames are prefixed with Le or De (Le Pen, De Pompadour); basically, various nicknames and personal names were used to form surnames (Robert, Jolie, Cochon - a pig);
English - the following surnames are common: formed from the names of the place of residence (Scott, Wales); designating a profession (Clerk - a civil servant, Hoggart - a shepherd, Smith - a blacksmith); indicating traits of character and appearance (Armstrong - strong, Sweet - sweet, Bragg - boastful);
Germans - surnames formed from personal names (Werner, Peters); surnames that characterize a person (Krause - curly, Klein - small); surnames indicating the type of activity (Müller - miller, Lehmann - landowner);
Swedes - most surnames end in -sson, -berg, -steady, -strom (Andersson, Olsson, Forsberg, Bostrom);
Norwegians - are formed from personal names with the help of the suffix -en (Larsen, Hansen), surnames without suffixes and endings can also be found (Per, Morten); Norwegian surnames can denote the names of animals and trees and natural phenomena(Blizzard - blizzard, Svane - swan, Furu - pine);
Italians - surnames are characterized by the suffixes -ini, -ino, -ello, -illo, -etti, -etto, -ito (Benedetto, Moretti, Esposito), can also end in -o, -a, -i (Conti, Giordano, Costa); the prefixes di- and da- denote, respectively, the belonging of a person to his genus and geographical position(Di Moretti is the son of Moretti, Da Vinci is from Vinci);
Spaniards and Portuguese - have surnames ending in -ez, -es, -az, -iz, -oz (Gomez, Lopez), surnames that indicate a person’s character are also common (Alegre - joyful, Bravo - brave, Malo - bad) ;
Turks - most often surnames have the ending -oglu, -ji, -zade (Mustafaoglu, Ekindzhi, Kuindzhi, Mammadzade), also often used in the formation of surnames Turkish names or everyday words (Ali, Abaza - a fool, Kolpakchi - a hat);
Bulgarians - almost all Bulgarian surnames formed from personal names with the help of suffixes -ov, -ev (Konstantinov, Georgiev);
Greeks - the surnames of the Greeks cannot be confused with any other surnames, only they have the endings -idis, -kos, -pulos (Angelopoulos, Nikolaidis);
Czechs - the main difference from other surnames is the obligatory ending -ova in female surnames, even where it would seem inappropriate (Valdrova, Ivanovova, Andersonova).
This is quite correct, but slightly simplified information) Because, as noted above, there are many small nuances. Let's say Yakimansky or Preobrazhensky are pure Russians, not Poles. But this way you can calculate the descendant of a clergyman. "Novak" is generally found in almost all Slavic lands. The fact that Janusz Nowak is waiting for the tram at Marszałkowska is just as natural that at the same time Davorin Novak is tucking the sail on his yacht on the Adriatic. The Danes are about the same as the Norwegians; and even the monotony of surnames beginning with "sen" causes problems in everyday life. I will also give a moment that the lion's share of Polish, Lithuanian and Belarusian surnames can pass one into another by replacing endings. Fabricant Alekseev, having taken the pseudonym Stanislavsky, could easily be Stanislauskas in Lithuania. The Turks had surnames only in the first half of the 20th century, moreover, because of instructions from above. To briefly tell how the surnames are formed among the Jews, it would take, in terms of volume, four such answers) Russians with endings in "-ih", "-iy" usually come from Siberia. English and German professional surnames(considering the kinship of the two peoples, (however, if you don’t talk about the Dutch)) they are very similar: Miller-Muller, Smith-Schmidt, etc. The famous German cartoonist John Heartfield was in reality Herzfeld.
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Comment
I will add to the words above that suffixes and endings must be looked at carefully. And then (d`) Artagnan will turn out to be a relative of an Armenian, and not a Gascon (at that time rather a separate sub-ethnos at the junction of the French and Spaniards
IN Russian Federation every 10th marriage is mixed. This is due to demographic reasons and fashion trend enter into an alliance with a foreign citizen. Often legitimized between Russian and visiting students. But such mixed marriages are often doomed to a short existence. As a result, the owners of a “specific” surname may not always know their true roots, especially if the parents categorically do not want to raise the topic of kinship.
You can find out the nationality by last name. But this is a painstaking and long process that is best left to professionals. However, the origins of origin can be established by general rules.
The history of the surname
In past centuries, only aristocrats possessed a pedigree. To the common people it was not supposed to know one's origin, and therefore, to have a surname. Only during the reign of Vasily the First, peasants began to receive nicknames that resembled their real name: Semyon Cherny, monk Rublev and others.
The study of the pedigree is of great importance. It not only allows you to find out how to determine nationality by last name, but also conveys the historical past.
Since ancient times, the official surname served to identify a person and his family. Many marriages were and are interethnic in nature. The surname allows you to establish the degree of relationship, because it takes into account not only language features, but also a territorial feature with historical factors.
How to conduct an analysis?
To determine the nationality of a person by last name, you should remember school course Russian language. The word consists of a root, a suffix and an ending. allow you to calculate the first two points.
- In the surname, you need to highlight the root and suffix.
- Determine nationality by suffixes.
- If this is not enough, analyze the root of the word.
- Assess the name according to the degree of belonging to European origins.
In many surnames, not only the morphological features of the word are taken into account, but also the person's belonging to a certain group: by specialty, personal qualities, the name of an animal or bird.
Establishment of nationality by suffixes and the root of the word
Belonging to Ukrainian origins confirms the presence of suffixes:
- enko;
- eyko;
- point;
- ovsky.
Finding out nationality by last name from people with Jewish roots is not so easy. Its origin is influenced by many factors.
The surname can be based on the name of the profession, animal or bird. For example, Bondar, Gonchar are Ukrainian designations for a working specialty. Gorobets is a sparrow in Ukrainian. Just later this word was transformed into a surname.
You can often see surnames consisting of two words, such as Ryabokon, Krivonos and others. They testify to the presence of Slavic roots: Belarusian, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian.
How to determine Jewish roots
Not always the suffix and the root of the word help to establish nationality by last name. This applies to Jewish origins as well. To establish kinship, 2 large groups are distinguished here:
- Roots "cohen" and "levi".
- Male names.
The roots "cohen" and "levi" indicate that the owner of the surname belonged to the Jews, whose ancestors had the rank of a clergyman. Among them you can find the following: Kogan, Kagansky, Kaplan, Levita, Levitin, Levitan.
The second group contains male names. These include the names of Solomon, Moses and others.
The Jewish people have one feature: during prayer, a person is called by the name of his mother. And nationality is also given here on the maternal side. This interesting historical fact led to the formation of surnames that are based on the feminine gender. Among them are Sorinson, Rivkin, Tsivyan, Beilis.
And the working specialty can give an answer to the question of how to determine nationality by last name. This also applies to Jewish roots. For example, the surname Fine in Hebrew means "beautiful" and characterizes the appearance of a person. And Rabin means "rabbi", that is, professional activity.
European roots
In Russia, one can often find English, French, German origins. To find out a specific nationality by last name, certain word-formation rules help.
French origin confirms the presence of prefixes De or Le in the surname.
The Germans were formed in three ways:
- from personal names - Walter, Peters, Werner, Hartmann;
- from nicknames (for example, Klein);
- associated with a specific profession (the most common is Schmidt).
Surnames English origin also have several ways of formation:
- depending on the place of residence - Scott, English, Irish, Welsh, Wallace;
- from professional activity human - Spooners, Carver, Butler;
- taking into account human qualities- Bad, Sweet, Good, Moody, Bragg.
A separate group is formed Polish surnames: Kovalchik, Senkevich, Novak. As a rule, they have suffixes -chik, -vich, -vak.
Lithuanian surnames have suffixes -kas, -kene, -kaite, -chus, -chene, -chite.
Features of the eastern origins
The formation of a surname is influenced by several factors:
- territorial affiliation of ancestors;
- occupation;
- personal human features;
- morphological components of the word.
In Eastern countries, in order to find out whose surname is by nationality, you need to analyze its suffixes and endings.
Chinese and Korean surnames monosyllabic and short. The most typical of them are Xing, Xiao, Jiu, Layu, Kim, Dam, Chen.
Muslim surnames have suffixes, endings -ov, -ev (Aliev, Aushev, Khasbulatov, Dudayev and others). At Armenian people they end in -yan (Shiyan, Bordian, Porkuyan).
They have "incomparable" suffixes and endings: -shvili, -dze, -uri, -uli, -ani(ya), -eti(ya), -eni, -eli(ya).
All of these features allow you to find the true roots. But only a specialist will be able to tell you exactly how to find out nationality by last name. Sometimes this requires detailed analysis which takes into account many factors. A person is inextricably linked with his name, and it can really tell a lot about him and his family tree.
With each year of his life, a person expands the choice of communication more and more, getting to know new people. In order for a new acquaintance to make contact with you, you need to make a pleasant impression on him. To avoid uncomfortable situations, it is important to know what nationality the person in front of you is in order to behave in accordance with the moral and ethical standards of his country. Most surnames can be unmistakably identified nationality your friends, neighbors, business partners, etc.
Russians- use surnames with suffixes -an, -yn, -in, -skikh, -ov, -ev, -skoi, -tskoi, -ih, -ih (Snegirev, Ivanov, Voronin, Sinitsyn, Donskoy, Moskovskikh, Sedykh);
Belarusians- typical Belarusian surnames end in -ich, -chik, -ka, -ko, -onak, -yonak, -uk, -ik, -ski. (Radkevich, Dubrova, Parshonok, Kukharchik, Kastsyushka); many surnames in the Soviet years were Russified and Polished (Dubrovsky, Kosciuszko);
Poles- most of the surnames have the suffix -sk, -tsk, and the ending -ij (-th), indicating masculine and feminine gender (Sushitsky, Kovalskaya, Khodetsky, Volnitskaya); there are also double surnames - if a woman, when getting married, wants to leave her surname (Mazur-Komorovskaya); in addition to these surnames, surnames with an unchanged form are also common among the Poles (Nowak, Sienkiewicz, Wuytsik, Wozniak). Ukrainians with surname endings in -y are not Ukrainians, but Ukrainian Poles.;
Ukrainians- the first classification of surnames of a given nationality is formed with the help of suffixes -enko, -ko, -uk, -yuk (Kreschenko, Grishko, Vasilyuk, Kovalchuk); the second series denotes the kind of any craft or occupation (Potter, Koval); the third group of surnames consists of separate Ukrainian words (Gorobets, Ukrainians, Parubok), as well as a merger of words (Vernigora, Nepiyvoda, Bilous).
Latvians- a feature to the masculine gender is indicated by a surname ending in -s, -is, and to the feminine - in -a, -e (Verbitskis - Verbitska, Shurins - Shurin)
Lithuanians- male surnames end in -onis, -unas, -utis, -aitis, -enas (Pyatrenas, Norvydaitis), female surnames are formed from the husband's surname using the suffixes -en, -yuven, -uven and endings -е (Grynyus - Grinyuvene );
Estonians- male and female genders are not distinguished by surnames, all foreign surnames (mostly Germanic) were Estonianized at one time (Rosenberg - Roozimäe), this process is still in effect today. for example, in order to be able to play for the Estonian national team, football players Sergei Khokhlov and Konstantin Kolbasenko had to change their names to Simson and Nahk;
French people- many surnames are prefixed with Le or De (Le Pen, Mol Pompadour); mostly dissimilar nicknames and personal names were used to form surnames (Robert, Jolie, Cauchon - a pig);
Romanians: -sku, -u(l), -an.
Serbs:-ich.
English- the following surnames are common: formed from the names of the place of residence (Scott, Wales); designating a profession (Hoggart - a shepherd, Smith - a blacksmith); pointing to appearance character and appearance (Armstrong - strong, Sweet - sweet, Bragg - bragging);
Germans- surnames formed from personal names (Werner, Peters); surnames that characterize a person (Krause - wavy, Klein - small); surnames indicating the type of activity (Müller - miller, Lehmann - geomor);
swedes- most surnames end in -sson, -berg, -steady, -strom (Andersson, Olsson, Forsberg, Bostrom);
Norse- are formed from personal names with the help of the suffix -en (Larsen, Hansen), surnames can occur without suffixes and endings (Per, Morten); Norwegian surnames can repeat the names of animals, trees and natural phenomena (Blizzard - blizzard, Svane - swan, Furu - pine);
Italians- surnames are characterized by suffixes -ini, -ino, -ello, -illo, -etti, -etto, -ito (Benedetto, Moretti, Esposito), can end in -o, -a, -i (Conti, Giordano, Costa) ; the prefixes di- and- denote, respectively, the person's belonging to his genus and geographical structure (Di Moretti is the son of Moretti, Da Vinci is from Vinci);
Spaniards and Portuguese - have surnames ending in -ez, -az, -iz, -oz (Gomez, Lopez), surnames that indicate the character of a person are also common (Alegre - joyful, Bravo - brave, Malo - horseless);
Turks- most often, surnames end in -oglu, -ji, -zade (Mustafaoglu, Ekindzhi, Kuindzhi, Mammadzade), Turkish names or everyday words were often used in the formation of surnames (Ali, Abaza - a fool, Kolpakchi - a hat);
Bulgarians - almost all Bulgarian surnames are formed from personal names and suffixes -ov, -ev (Konstantinov, Georgiev);
Gagauz: -oglo.
Tatars: -in, -ishin.
Greeks- the surnames of the Greeks cannot be confused with any other surnames, only they have the endings -idis, -kos, -pulos (Angelopoulos, Nikolaidis);
Czechs- the main difference from other surnames is the obligatory ending -ova in female surnames, even if where it would seem inappropriate (Valdrova, Ivanovova, Andersonova).
Georgians- Surnames ending in -shvili, -dze, -uri, -ava, -a, -ua, -ia, -ni, -li, -si are common (Baratashvili, Mikadze, Adamia, Karchava, Gvishiani, Tsereteli);
Armenians- a significant part of the surnames of the inhabitants of Armenia has the suffix -yan (Hakopyan, Galustyan); Also, -yants, -uni.
Moldovans: -sku, -u(l), -an.
Azerbaijanis- formed surnames, taking as a basis Azerbaijani names and attaching to them the Russian suffixes -ov, -ev (Mamedov, Aliyev, Gasanov, Abdullayev). Also, -zade, -li, ly, -oglu, -kyzy.
Jews- the main group consists of surnames with roots Levi and Cohen (Levin, Levitan Kagan, Koganovich, Katz); the second group originated from male and female Jewish names with the addition of various suffixes (Yakobson, Yakubovich, Davidson, Godelson, Tsivyan, Beilis, Abramovich, Rubinchik, Vigdorchik, Mandelstam); the third classification of surnames reflects the character of a person, the features of his appearance or belonging to a profession (Kaplan is a chaplain, Rabinovich is a rabbi, Melamed is a pestun, Schwarzbard is black-bearded, Stiller is quiet, Shtarkman is strong).
Ossetians: -ti.
Mordva: -yn, -in.
Chinese and Koreans- for the most part, these are surnames consisting of one, less often of two syllables (Tang, Liu, Duan, Qiao, Choi, Kogai);
Japanese- modern Japanese surnames are formed by the merger of two full-valued words (Wada - sweetness and rice field, Igarashi - 50 storms, Katayama - hill, Kitamura - north and village); The most common Japanese surnames are: Takahashi, Kobayashi, Kato, Suzuki, Yamamoto.
As you can see, in order to determine the nationality of a person, it is enough to accurately analyze his last name, highlighting the suffix and ending.
WHAT DO THE SURNAME ON "-IN" MEAN? SURNAMES ENDING IN -IN HAVE RUSSIAN ROOT OR JEWISH?
In the collection of the famous Slavic linguist B. O Unbegaun “Russian Surnames”, one can read that surnames with “in” are mainly the Russian type of surnames.
Why the ending "-in"? Basically, all surnames ending in "in" come from words with the ending -а / -я and from nouns female ending in a soft consonant.
There are not a few examples of the erroneous addition of -in to the bases with a final solid consonant: Orekhin, Karpin, Markin, where -ov should have been. And in another case -ov turned out to be in place -in: Shishimorov from the basis of shishimora. It is possible to mix formants. After all, among Russians -in and -ov have been semantically indistinguishable for more than a thousand years. The meaning of the difference was lost even in the common Slavic language, the choice of -ov or -in depends only survivingly on the phonetic feature of the stem (Nikonov "Geography of Surnames").
Do you know how the name of the famous leader came about militia 1611-1612 years of Minin? Minin had a personal nickname Sukhoruk, he did not have a last name. And Minin meant "son of Mina". Orthodox name"Mina" was widespread in Rus'.
Another old Russian surname- Semin, also a surname on "-in". According to the main version, the surname Semin goes back to the baptismal male name Semyon. The name Semyon is the Russian form of the ancient Jewish name Simeon, meaning "hearing", "heard by God." On behalf of Semyon in Rus', many derivative forms were formed, one of which - Syoma - formed the basis of this surname.
The well-known Slavic linguist B. O. Unbegaun in the collection “Russian Surnames” believes that the surname Semin was formed from the baptismal Russian name after following scheme: "Semyon - Syoma - Semin."
Let us give another example of a surname, which we studied in detail in the family diploma. Rogozhin is an old Russian surname. According to the main version, the surname keeps the memory of the profession of distant ancestors. One of the first representatives of the Rogozhins could be engaged in the manufacture of matting, or trade in fabric.
Rogozhey was called a coarse woven fabric from bast tapes. A bast hut (bast mat, bast mat) in Rus' was called a workshop where bast mats were woven, and a bast mat was called a bast weaver or a bast mat merchant.
In his close circle Rogozhnik's household was known as "Rogozhin's wife", "Rogozhin's son", "Rogozhin's grandchildren". Over time, the terms denoting the degree of kinship disappeared, and the hereditary surname - Rogozhins - was assigned to the descendants of Rogozhin.
Such Russian surnames ending in "-in" include: Pushkin (Pushka), Gagarin (Gagara), Borodin (Beard), Ilyin (Ilya), Ptitsyn (Bird); Fomin (from the personal name of Thomas); Belkin (from the nickname "squirrel"), Borozdin (Furrow), Korovin (Cow), Travin (Grass), Zamin and Zimin (winter) and many others
Please note that the words from which surnames are formed on "in" mostly end in "-a" or "-ya". We will not be able to say “Borodov” or “Ilyinov”, it would be more logical and sonorous to pronounce “Ilyin” or “Borodin”.
Why do some people think that last names ending in "-in" have Jewish roots? Is it really? No, this is not true, one cannot judge the origin of a surname by one ending. The sound of Jewish surnames coincides with Russian endings just by pure chance.
It is always necessary to research the surname itself. The ending "ov", for some reason, does not cause us doubts. We believe that surnames ending in "-ov" are definitely Russian. But there are exceptions. For example, we recently prepared a beautiful family diploma for a wonderful family named Maksyutov.
The surname Maksyutov has the ending "ov", common among Russian surnames. But, if you explore the surname deeper, it turns out that the surname Maksyutov is formed from the Tatar male name“Maqsoud”, which in Arabic means “desire, premeditated intention, aspiration, goal”, “long-awaited, desired”. The name Maksud had several dialect variants: Maksut, Mahsud, Mahsut, Maksut. This name is still widespread among the Tatars and Bashkirs to this day.
“The surname Maksyutov is an old princely surname Tatar origin. ABOUT ancient origin surnames Maksyutov say historical sources. The surname was first documented in the 16th century: Maksutovs (Maksutovs, obsolete Maksutovs, Tat. Maksutovlar) - the Volga-Bulgarian princely-Murzin family, comes from the Kasimov prince Maksut (1554), in the genealogical legend, Prince Maksut was called a lancer and a descendant of the prince Kashima." Now there is almost no doubt about the origin of the surname.
How to find out if a surname starts with -in Jewish origin Or is it a native Russian surname? Always analyze the word that underlies your last name.
Here are examples of Jewish surnames ending in “-in” or “-ov”: Edmin (derived from the name of the German city of Emden), Kotin (derived from the Hebrew קטן- in the Ashkenazi pronunciation “kotn”, meaning “small”), Eventov (derived from Hebrew "even tov" - " gem”), Khazin (derived from the Hebrew “khazan”, in the Ashkenazi pronunciation “khazn”, meaning “a person leading worship in the synagogue”), Superfin (translated as “very beautiful”) and many others.
The ending "-in" is just an ending by which one cannot judge the nationality of a surname. You always need to research the surname, analyze the word that underlies it and try to search in various books and archival documents for the first mention of your surname. Only when all the information is collected, you will be able to establish with certainty the origin of your surname and find answers to your questions.
SURNAMES ENDING IN SKIY/-SKAYA, -TSKIY/-TSKAYA
Many Russians have a firm and unfounded conviction that surnames in -sky are necessarily Polish. From history textbooks, the names of several Polish magnates are known, formed from the names of their possessions: Pototsky and Zapototsky, Zablotsky, Krasinsky. But from the same textbooks, the names of many Russians with the same suffixes are known: Konstantin Grigoryevich Zabolotsky, roundabout of Tsar John III, late 15th - early 16th centuries; clerk Semyon Zaborovsky, early 16th century; boyars Shuisky and Belsky, close associates of Ivan the Terrible. Famous Russian artists Levitsky, Borovikovsky, Makovsky, Kramskoy.
An analysis of modern Russian surnames shows that forms in -sky (-tsky) exist in parallel with variants in -ov (-ev, -in), but there are fewer of them. For example, in Moscow in the 70s of the twentieth century, for 330 people with the surname Krasnov / Krasnova, there were only 30 with the surname Krasnovsky / Krasnovskaya. But enough rare surnames Kuchkov and Kuchkovsky, Makov and Makovsky are represented almost equally.
A significant part of the surnames ending in -sky / -skaya, -tsky / -tskaya are formed from geographical and ethnic names. In the letters of our readers who want to know about the origin of their surnames, the following surnames are mentioned in -sky / -sky.
Brynsky. The author of this letter, Evgeny Sergeevich Brynsky, himself sent the story of his last name. We give only a small piece of the letter, since it is not possible to publish it in its entirety. Bryn - river Kaluga region, flows into the tributary of the Oka Zhizdra. In the old days, large dense Bryn forests stretched along it, in which the Old Believers took refuge. According to the epic about Ilya Muromets, it was in the Bryn forests that the Nightingale the Robber lived. We add that there are several settlements Bryn in the Kaluga and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The surname Brynski / Brynska found in Poland is formed from the name of two settlements Brynsk in different parts country and also, apparently, goes back to the names of the rivers Bryn, Brynica. There is no uniform interpretation of the names of these rivers in science. If the suffix -ets is added to the name of an inhabited place, then such a word denotes a native of this place. In the Crimea in the 60s - 70s of the XX century, the winegrower Maria Bryntseva was well known. Her surname is derived from the word brynets, that is, a native of the city or village of Bryn.
Garbavitsky. This Belarusian surname corresponds to the Russian Gorbovitsky (in Belarusian language the letter a is written in place of the unstressed o). The surname is formed from the name of some settlement of Gorbovitsa. In the materials we have, there are only Gorbov, Gorbovo and Gorbovtsy. All these names come from the designations of the terrain: humpback - hillock, sloping hill.
Dubovskaya. The surname is formed from the name of one of the numerous settlements: Dubovka, Dubovo, Dubovoe, Dubovskaya, Dubovsky, Dubovskoye, Dubovtsy, located in all parts of the country. To find out from which one, it is possible only according to the information preserved in the family, where the ancestors who received this surname lived, or where they came from to their place of further residence. Emphasis in the surname on "o": Dubovsky / Dubovskaya.
Steblivsky. The Ukrainian surname, corresponding to the Russian one, is Steblevsky; formed from the names of settlements Steblivka in the Transcarpathian region or Steblev-Cherkasy. In Ukrainian orthography, i is written in place of the second e.
Tersky. The surname comes from the name of the Terek River and indicates that someone from distant ancestors this person lived there. There were the Terek region and the Terek Cossacks. So the bearers of the surname Tersky may also be descendants of the Cossacks.
Uryansky. The surname, apparently, is formed from the name of the settlement Urya. In our materials, such a name is recorded in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Perhaps there are similar names in other places, since the name of the settlement is associated with the name of the river and with the designation ethnic group ur, as well as with the name of the medieval Turkic people Uryanka. Similar names could be found in different places, since medieval peoples led a nomadic lifestyle and assigned the name of their ethnic group to those places where they lingered for a long time.
Chiglinsky. The surname comes from the name of the settlement Chigla Voronezh region, which, apparently, is associated with the designation of the union of medieval Turkic tribes Chigili.
Shabansky. The surname is formed from the names of the settlements Shabanovo, Shabanovskoye, Shabanskoye, located in different parts of the country. These names come from the Turkic name Shaban of Arabic origin. IN Arabic shaban is the name of the eighth month lunar calendar. The name Shaban is also attested in Russian peasant families in the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. In parallel with this, the spelling variant Shiban was noted in the Russian language - obviously, by analogy with the Russian shibat, zashibat. In the records of 1570-1578, Prince Ivan Andreevich Shiban Dolgoruky is mentioned; in 1584, the stirrup grooms of Tsar Theodore Ioannovich Osip Shiban and Danilo Shikhman Ermolaevich Kasatkins. The servant of Prince Kurbsky was called Vasily Shibanov - he was executed by Ivan the Terrible in 1564.
In addition, the name of the ethnic group is known Siberian Tatars Shibans and generic name Crimean Tatars shiban murzas. The Perm Region has locality Shibanovo, and in Ivanovskaya - Shibanikha.
So closely related different types proper names: personal names, geographical and ethnic names, as well as surnames.
To determine nationality by last name, you need to remember the morphemic analysis from school curriculum Russian language. A direct indication of nationality is contained in the root of the surname and its suffixes. For example, the suffix "eiko" in the surname Shumeiko is proof Ukrainian origin families.
To determine nationality by last name, it is sometimes necessary to study many books
You will need
A sheet of paper, a pen, the ability to do morphemic analysis of a word, etymological dictionary Russian language, dictionary foreign words.
Instruction
- Take a piece of paper and a pen. Write your last name and highlight all the morphemes in it: root, suffix, ending. This preparatory stage will help you determine what nationality your family name belongs to.
- Notice the suffix. Since in Russian more often than others foreign surnames there are Ukrainian ones, these can be the following suffixes: “enko”, “eyko”, “ovsk / evsk”, “ko”, “point”. That is, if your last name is Tkachenko, Shumeiko, Petrovsky or Gulevsky, Klitschko, Marochko, you should look for distant relatives on the territory of Ukraine.
- Look at the root of the word if the suffix did not answer the question of what nationality your last name is. Often this or that profession, object, animal, bird becomes its basis. As an example, we can cite the Russian surname Gonchar, Ukrainian Gorobets (translated into Russian - Sparrow), Jewish Rabin (which means "rabbi").
- Count the number of roots in a word. Sometimes the surname consists of two words. For example, Ryabokon, Beloshtan, Krivonos. Similar names belong to Slavic peoples(Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles, etc.), but are also found in other languages.
- Assess your surname in terms of belonging to the Jewish people. Common Jewish surnames have in the composition the roots "levi" and "cohen", found in the surnames Levitan, Levin, Kogan, Katz. Their owners descended from ancestors who were in the rank of clergy. There are also surnames that originated from male (Moses, Solomon) or female names (Rivkin, Beilis), or formed from the merger of a male name and a suffix (Abrahams, Yakobson, Mandelstam).
- Remember if Tatar blood flows in your veins? If your surname consists of a combination of Tatar words and the suffixes "in", "ov" or "ev", then the answer is obvious - there were Tatars in your family. This is especially well seen in the example of such surnames as Bashirov, Turgenev, Yuldashev.
- Determine which language the surname belongs to, based on the following clues:
- if it contains the prefix "de" or "le", look for roots in France;
- if the surname is heard English title territory (eg Welsh), quality of person (Sweet) or profession (Carver), relatives should be sought in the UK;
- the same rules apply to German surnames. They are formed from the profession (Schmidt), nickname (Klein), name (Peters);
- Polish surnames can be recognized based on the sound - Kowalczyk, Sienkiewicz. Look in the dictionary of foreign words if you have difficulty assigning a surname to a particular language
How to determine nationality by last name? Learn nationality?
This is how I would answer this rather difficult question about nationality by last name.
In some cases, of course, you can to some extent try to determine the nationality by the surname, if you know the end of this surname.
For example, the ending of the surname on: shvili or dze - among the Georgians, on: yan - among the Armenians, on: ko - among the Ukrainians, on: ku - among the Moldovans, on: iy - among the Poles. However, this is all relative, of course. You can also find out nationality by some surnames, for example: Choi is Korean.
In general, it can be very difficult to determine nationality by surname, since many surnames are similar. There are many similar surnames, for example, Jews and Germans, Jews and Poles, etc.
Nationality by last name can not always be determined. IN modern world it's all too mixed up. A person may have Belarusian surname, but Belarusian blood is only 5%. Such a person was born and raised in Kazakhstan, his native language- Kazakh. His appearance is clearly not Slavic, he doesn’t know a word of Belarusian, but he has never been in Belarus itself and generally has no idea where this country is located ... Will such a person in Belarus be considered their own?))
And if a person with a Caucasian appearance comes up to you and starts to prove with foam at the mouth that he is Russian? With a strong Caucasian accent? Will you believe him?)) But he has a Russian surname in his passport, and Russian is indicated in his birth certificate.
And here is another question: is Dmitry Pozharsky a Western Ukrainian or a Pole by nationality?))
Did you know that Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is a Scot?)) Really, what is there to think about? His family is of Scottish origin
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin is not a Russian, but a Tatar!))
Can suppose nationality or ethnic background person by last name, but can not be identified. A surname can come from a very distant ancestor, from adoptive parents, it can change in the process of paperwork. There are the same type of surnames that are found in people of completely different nationalities. For example, surnames ending in Sky, Sky are found among Poles, Russians, Ukrainians, Jews.
You can determine the nationality by last name with highly likely, while it should be borne in mind that that other person could change the surname. Or the parents, grandparents of this person could change him. And as for the in general terms then pay attention to the ending, each country and its citizens have special endings on surnames, so if in Russia the endings -ov- and -ev- are most often used, then in other countries they have their own.
Yes it is possible. Ukrainian surnames have the following endings: -ko, yuk, nick. Examples: Nikitenko, Klimenko, Artmenko, Korotchenko, Linnik, Vinnik, Gnatyuk. There are others Ukrainian surnames. Russian surnames end in -ov, -ev, -ij, -in. Examples: Volkov, Gromov, Popov, Somov, Nikolaev, Grigoriev, Ushansky, Bakin. There are also other Russian surnames. The surname Partskhaladze or Pavliashvili suggests that such a person is a Georgian. Other Asian surnames are difficult for a Russian person to pronounce. Need to pay attention to famous people from a certain country to determine what nationality a person's surname is. But you can reliably determine the nationality of the passport. Although you can ask the interlocutor about this.
