Art and creativity.

Creative activity – creative activity a person in the field of science, literature, art, as a result of which a new work is created.

Folklore(from English Folklore - "folk wisdom") – folk (more often oral) creativity, embodied in a work of art, the creative collective activity of people, which is specific reflection their lives, ideals, events.

One of the important trends that can be clearly seen in the development artistic creativity for many centuries - the ever-increasing strength of the personal author's principle. Despite the fact that the individual beginning is inherent in any creativity, in folklore it is strongly muffled. Folklore is expression folk art, artistic and collective creative activity of the people, reflecting their life, views, ideals, created by the people themselves and existing among the masses. It can be - poetry, music, dance, visual and applied art. As a rule, folklore works were spread through language, oral presentation, which became traditional for this type of art. Most often, folklore is presented in the form of songs, epics, legends that reflect the course of people's lives: work and rest, sorrow and joy, individual events and historical ones, rituals, etc. Certainly, at folklore works had their own authors, however, their establishment today is difficult. The roots of folklore are in history, in pagan beliefs (Ancient Rus'). After Christianity was adopted in Rus', the texts of the works were changed, but the ancient melodic form was preserved. The songs traditionally reflected the events of the life of people and society, sang the feats and outstanding personalities.

In addition to songs, various legends and fairy tales were also popular. They were divided into magical (where among the objects there are magic items: flying carpets, self-assembled tablecloths, walking boots, testifying to pagan witchcraft and people's dream of creating things that make life easier) and satirical, which had a moralizing character, describing modern conflicts, revealing political contradictions (this type of creativity was subsequently widely used professional writers).

Individual start in ancient culture affected mainly in performance, the authors of folklore works, as a rule, remained unknown. This, according to the researchers, was due to the lack of desire for self-expression by people through art, the subjective author's vision did not prevail in culture. And the public, collective acquired a sacred meaning, the artist had to express the general ideas, giving them perfect performance. The dominance of mythology and religious consciousness led the ancient author to the conviction that the true creator of the work is the social spirituality or God.

Being a synthetic phenomenon, since ancient times, art has been perceived as a means of education that can also deliver a specific spiritual pleasure to a person that is beyond his capabilities and nature.

The personal self-consciousness of the author is formed gradually as a result of the development of a collective labor activity, highlighting one's "I" from the collective "We", the emergence and formation of philosophy, the formation of morality and social relations, strengthening statehood, etc.

The personal beginning reached its maximum in modern development art, in which the light radiation of the author's personality gives a unique originality work of art. In this regard, the personality of the author, the strength of his talent, the scale of thinking, the ability to penetrate deeply into the essence of the processes taking place in society, as well as knowledge inner peace person. The most important property the author today is the ability to say something new, unknown to other people or not yet formulated by them, to reveal the new essence of a particular phenomenon.

The talent of true artistic creativity lies in understanding the dialectics of development human society, with the realization of those lofty goals in the name of which a person is called to live. Knowledge of the present is associated with the author's understanding of the prospects for the future, with the eternal desire to know the essence.

The trend towards an increase in the author's principle manifested itself pictorially already in the early stages of the development of cinema and television. One of prominent representatives That time was Charlie Spencer Chaplin, actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer, film composer, Oscar winner, founder of the United Artists film studio. Chaplin's works are a kind of mirror reflecting him multifaceted talent, he was one of the most creatively versatile and influential people of the silent film period.

The development of auteur cinema in our time is becoming more and more intense. Creativity and creation are increasingly subject to the author's intention, and screen works reflect the individuality of their authors.

In the author's cinematography, the creativity of the author and the director becomes a single process, where the birth of an idea, writing a script, shooting, are carried out under a single opinion. Such sole authorship makes it possible to convey to the viewer the creative view of the creator of the work, his view of the world, his vision of the phenomena of reality as accurately and fully as possible.

The most important feature author-director is the ability to create in your imagination future movie, freely and easily operate with sound-visual images. The author of the film must keep an imaginary picture throughout the entire creative process. The director must feel the whole rhythm of the picture, its general classical and rhythmic design, emotional mood, atmosphere, etc.

Directors are one of the first and most widespread representatives of screen culture.

screen culture.

Screen culture- view mass culture whose works are reproduced on a special technical means- the screen and outside it are not perceived. Types of screen culture: cinema, television, video, computer images, the Internet, etc.

Screen- (from French еcran - screen) - the surface on which the image is projected, as well as a device designed to reproduce the image.

Cinema- the sphere of human activity, which initially consists in creating moving images with the help of technical devices, subsequently accompanied by sound.

Internet- a system of worldwide association of computer systems and networks that form a specific information and technical space, which has the widest distribution and application.

Multimedia– the interaction of audiovisual effects under the control of an interactive software with the direct use of technical, electronic and software tools that reproduce images in a digital representation, it is distinguished by its extraordinary prevalence and applicability.

The emergence of screen culture at the end of the 19th century was initially associated only with cinema, which could only arise at a certain level of cultural and technological development of civilization. The most important feature of cinema, in addition to technical conditionality, is its focus on a wide audience, mass impact. The connection of social, technical, cultural conditions is the main quality of the emerging cinema. Cinema has come new form reality other than theatrical performances. At the same time, the realities of cinema contributed to the transformation of the realities of reality, imperceptibly introducing fictitious, artificial, virtual images into it.

Thus, the birth of cinema, and subsequently screen culture, led to the emergence of a new type of communicative interaction, new opportunities for influencing mass and individual consciousness.

The next great achievement of screen culture after cinema was television, which has greater communicative capabilities, among which we highlight: almost ubiquitous distribution, temporal availability, comfortable conditions for perception, reporting and documentary, scale of coverage of interests and preferences, differentiation. That is, you can observe the connection of many means mass media and culture in one phenomenon.

A continuation of the development of screen culture can be recognized as the emergence and steady spread of computer culture, which combines elements of all types of both screen and other cultures. Their indestructible mutual influence and interaction takes place, with a rather powerful influence of a society that is practically unlimited neither in space nor in time. Participants in this type of communicative interaction can simultaneously assume different roles (spectator, listener, moderator, director, etc., that is, an active communicator), which definitely entails a rather strong emotional impact on a person. There are quite fair concerns about the benefits of such involvement in the virtual world, the emergence of dependence, emotional overload, which can lead to personality disorders. In fairness, it should be noted that the first films were also produced strong impression on the audience, influenced their emotional sphere. This phenomenon persists in a slightly modified form until today. After all, it is precisely the appeal to the emotional sphere that is in many respects the goal and calling of any art.

It is safe to assume that the continued existence of screen culture will be accompanied by the inevitable interaction of its elements. Objects and works of screen culture, which are essentially simulacra (that is, copies without the original), artifacts, with the help of modern digital means, receive an almost perfect resolution, in which the audience believes almost unlimitedly. But, at the same time, this audience is able to create its own virtual worlds and act as one of the most important elements of universal communication. And in this mosaic interweaving of the links of screen culture lies the essence of a new communication paradigm that is being introduced into traditional forms of interaction. However, one should constantly take into account the factor of distorted reality, the mythologization of the objects of this culture, totally penetrating into the real dimension, manipulating the creation of people. The altered reality transforms the subconscious, deforming the individual and society. These are real questions to which civilization must find adequate answers.

What is the role of the producer in this situation. What are its goals? As an entrepreneur, under whose leadership significant labor resources and teams carry out their creative and production activities, he must take care of commercial benefits. created projects. This is possible if the product is sold on the market with maximum efficiency. But the producer's activity does not end with the completion of production, but continues at the post-production stage, the essence of which, among other things, is the manipulation of public and private consciousness in order to most profitably implement the project. The producer must also take into account universal human values ​​in his activities, be responsible for the cultural impact on millions of viewers, for their moral, spiritual development. Thus, sometimes the producer faces intractable tasks, truly world problems. And on how, by what means, with what results the producer will overcome these difficulties, his further activity, and the work of the team, and production area, and economics, politics, and culture in general. Therefore, in addition to thorough knowledge in the field of film production, the film business, the producer must have high level universal culture and be responsible for the results of their own work and the activities of the team. Society and the state, as a spokesman for public interests, should be primarily interested in this.

Many consider the words “art” and “creativity” to be synonymous. And indeed it is in in a certain sense related concepts. However, replacing one with the other would be wrong. Let's try to consider the issue in more detail and find out how art differs from creativity.

Definition

Art- this is an expression of the phenomena of reality in an artistic image; mastery achieved the highest degree of its development. Art products are aesthetically expressive. They represent the fusion of truth and beauty.

Creation- a process in which, as a result of the interaction of a person with reality, something unique, new, related to the material or spiritual sphere is created. Creativity entails changes both in reality and in personality.

Comparison

So, in both cases, a certain product is created. But what is the difference between art and creativity? First of all, in the level of performance of this product. Art presupposes the birth of an unsurpassed masterpiece, bright, strong, not amenable to replication and serial production. The creative product is not necessarily perfect. An example is a drawing of a child. This is undoubtedly creativity, but not art at all (although there are exceptions).

Another important distinguishing criterion is the ability of what is created to evoke a response from others. The object of art reflects what is interesting not only to the author, but also to other people. This work has a powerful impact. It awakens powerful emotions. It can be tears or laughter, nostalgic sadness or sudden inspiration.

Art contains harmony. A person who perceives a product of art feels a need for creation, a desire to act in a positive way. Creativity does not always have such a powerful impact. Moreover, its products may not be submitted to the public at all and be created solely for personal purposes.

What is the difference between art and creativity? It also consists in the fact that being creative is accessible even for a person with mediocre abilities. The desire to create something more or less valuable, investing a part of yourself in it, is inherent in human nature. But only those who, thanks to their talent and, of course, diligence, are able to present creative energy in its highest manifestation, can be called people of art.

To the question Please tell me the difference between art and creativity? given by the author Detached the best answer is Art (from the art of creating) - the process or result of expressing the inner world in an (artistic) image, a creative combination of elements in a way that reflects feelings or emotions.
For a long time, the view was considered art. cultural activities that satisfies a person's love for beauty. Along with the evolution of social aesthetic norms and assessments, any activity aimed at creating expressive forms in accordance with aesthetic ideals has gained the right to be called art.
On the scale of the whole society, art - special way knowledge and reflection of reality, one of the forms public consciousness and part of the spiritual culture of both man and all mankind, a diverse result creative activity all generations.
The concept of art is extremely broad - it can manifest itself as an extremely developed skill in a particular area.
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Creativity as the spirit of human freedom; freedom as creativity of the human spirit; spirit as the freedom of human creativity. The main criterion that distinguishes creativity from manufacturing (production) is the uniqueness of its result. The result of creativity cannot be directly deduced from the initial conditions. No one, except perhaps the author, can get exactly the same result if the same initial situation is created for him. Thus, in the process of creativity, the author puts into the material some possibilities that are not reducible to labor operations or logical conclusion, expresses in end result some aspect of your personality. It is this fact that gives the products of creativity an additional value in comparison with the products of production.

Answer from Boris smirnov[newbie]
Everyone has creativity or the ability to create, and art is the highest degree of creativity. That is, the already professional level of creation is close to art!

Answer from Lana[guru]
Art - general concept, and creativity - specifically someone: the artist Ivanov, the writer Petrov, etc.

Answer from Neurologist[guru]
Art is when the ability to take something and turn it into a qualitatively different one. And creativity - when it is something to be produced.

Answer from groan[guru]
Either an essay or a review, you decide))

Answer from Olga Goldobova(Klinovitskaya)[guru]
I think art is more specific, and creativity is inspiration, the ability to create.

Answer from Ella Kuznetsova[guru]
Creativity is a process. Art is the result of creativity.
But creativity can be not only artistic (not only creating works of art). There is technical creativity, for example. In addition, in the most various works a person can show creativity offering a new, unconventional solution.

Many consider the words “art” and “creativity” to be synonymous. Indeed, in a sense, these are related concepts. However, replacing one with the other would be wrong. Let's try to consider the issue in more detail and find out how art differs from creativity.

Art- this is an expression of the phenomena of reality in an artistic image; craftsmanship at its highest level. Art products are aesthetically expressive. They represent the fusion of truth and beauty.

Creation- a process in which, as a result of the interaction of a person with reality, something unique, new, related to the material or spiritual sphere is created. Creativity entails changes both in reality and in personality.

So, in both cases, a certain product is created. But what is the difference between art and creativity? First of all, in the level of performance of this product. Art presupposes the birth of an unsurpassed masterpiece, bright, strong, not amenable to replication and serial production. The creative product is not necessarily perfect. An example is a drawing of a child. This is undoubtedly creativity, but not art at all (although there are exceptions).

Another important distinguishing criterion is the ability of what is created to evoke a response from others. The object of art reflects what is interesting not only to the author, but also to other people. This work has a powerful impact. It evokes strong emotions. It can be tears or laughter, nostalgic sadness or sudden inspiration.

Art contains harmony. A person who perceives a product of art feels a need for creation, a desire to act in a positive way. Creativity does not always have such a powerful impact. Moreover, its products may not be submitted to the public at all and be created solely for personal purposes.

What is the difference between art and creativity? It also consists in the fact that being creative is accessible even for a person with mediocre abilities. The desire to create something more or less valuable, putting a piece of yourself into it, is inherent in human nature itself. But only those who, thanks to their talent and, of course, diligence, are able to present creative energy in its highest manifestation, can be called people of art.

Creativity in art is the creation of a reflective real world, surrounding a person. It is divided into types in accordance with the methods of material embodiment. Creativity in art is united by one task - service to society.

Classification

The modern system of division of art, as well as related to it, suggests three separate categories.

The first group includes art forms perceived visually. These include:

• Creativity is decorative and applied.
• The art of architecture.
• Creativity in the visual arts.
• The art of sculptural images.
• Painting.
• Art photography as a kind of creativity.

The second group includes types of art of a long-term nature. This:

• Fiction literature as an extensive layer of culture, consisting of numerous creative methods for creating works.
• Music in all its diversity as a reflection creative processes in art.

Some types can be correlated with each other, as, for example, a musical opera is synthesized with literature when creating a libretto.

The third group consists of spatio-temporal types of creativity, perceived both visually and by ear:

• Theatrical art.
• Art of choreography, musical, ballet.
• Cinematography.
• circus genre.

Creativity in the art of individual forms

Comprehensive art picture cannot be created on the basis of one kind of art. Even such academic types as painting or sculpture need additional funds - the paintings must be placed in a beautiful frame, and the sculpture must be properly lit.

Therefore, a fairly wide field arises for the application of various creative processes in art, some may be fundamental, others auxiliary, but in any case, both will be useful. Examples of creativity in art can be cited ad infinitum. There are several gradations here, but they all obey one general formulation: great art requires high standards of creativity, cultural categories the smaller ones are content with a lower creative level.

The situation is different in the field of science. It's absolutely unacceptable low level professionalism. and art are incomparable things. Science does not forgive mistakes, but art is able to turn any relative shortcomings into good.

Talent and technology

Creativity in the art of small forms, such as small plastic arts in the arts and crafts or stage sketches in the theater, does not require high vocational training. To succeed in this kind of creativity, it is enough to have a certain talent and master the technologies for making art products or to have the ability to theatrical performances. In literature to write short story or an essay, it is not necessary to be a writer, it is enough to have good taste and be able to correctly express your thoughts.

One of the areas of culture where a person can successfully apply his creative potential, is Artistic value products of folk art crafts can be quite high if the masters of their craft work. In addition to the virtuoso manufacture of crafts, you must first select the right material, and only an experienced craftsman can handle this task.

Utility

Creativity in the art of an artist of arts and crafts is the creation of artistic household items. As a rule, these products belong to folklore, regardless of whether they are used for their intended purpose or placed as exhibits at an exhibition. Materials in the manufacture decorative items natural are used: bone, stone, wood, clay.

Raw material processing methods are also relatively simple - these are handmade using a simple tool, and the techniques used today have come to modern world from the distant past.

local affiliation

Folk arts and crafts, which form the basis of decorative and applied arts in Russia, are distributed by region, each type belongs to a specific area:

• bone carving - Kholmogory, Khotkovo;
• embroidery - Vladimir gold embroidery;
• metal art products - scarlet silver of Veliky Ustyug;
• - Pavlovo-Posad shawls;
• lace weaving - Vologda, Mikhailovskoye;
• Russian ceramics - Gzhel, Skopino, Dymkovo toy, Kargopol;
• picturesque miniatures - Palekh, Mstera, Kholuy;
• wood carving - Bogorodskaya, Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya;
• painting on wood - Khokhloma, Gorodetskaya, Fedoskino.

Sculpture

The art of creating relief sculptures is rooted in the Middle Ages. Sculpture like art embodies the real world artistic images. The material used to create sculptures is stone, bronze, marble, granite, wood. In especially large-scale projects, concrete, steel reinforcement, and various plasticized fillers are used.

Sculptural sculptures are conditionally divided into two types: relief and volumetric three-dimensional. Both are widely used to create monuments, monuments and memorials. Relief sculptures, in turn, are divided into three subspecies:

• bas-relief - low or medium relief image;
• high relief - high relief;
• counter-relief - mortise image.

Each sculpture can be classified and categorized as easel, decorative, monumental. Easel sculptural images are, as a rule, museum exhibits. They are on the premises. Decorative are placed in in public places, parks, squares, garden plots. always stand in visited public places, in city squares, central streets and in close proximity to government institutions.

Architecture

Utilitarian architecture appeared about four thousand years ago, and signs of artistry began to acquire shortly before the birth of Christ. Architecture has been considered an independent art form since the beginning of the twelfth century, when architects began to build Gothic buildings in European countries.

Creativity in the art of architecture is the creation of buildings that are unique from an artistic point of view. good example creativity in the construction of residential buildings can be considered the projects of the Spanish architect Antonio Gaudi, which are located in Barcelona.

Literature

Spatio-temporal varieties of art are the most sought-after and popular categories accepted in society. Literature is a type of creativity in which the fundamental factor is art word. Russian culture eighteenth-nineteenth centuries knew many brilliant writers and poets.

Creativity in the art of Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich, the great Russian poet, was extremely fruitful, for his short life he created a range immortal works in verse and prose. Almost all of them are considered masterpieces of literature. Some are on the list brilliant creations world importance.

Lermontov's work in art also left a noticeable mark. His works are textbook, classical in their essence. The poet also died early, at the age of twenty-six. But he managed to leave behind an invaluable legacy, masterpiece poems and many poems.

The brilliant Russian writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol left his mark on Russian literature of the nineteenth century. The writer lived and worked during the heyday Russian society. Art in Gogol's work is represented by many highly artistic works included in the Golden Fund of Russian culture.

Choreography and ballet

Dance art originated in Rus' in time immemorial. In the language of dance, people began to communicate first at festive festivities. Then the dances took the form of theatrical performances, professional dancers and ballerinas appeared. At first, the dance floor was a booth stage or a tent circus arena. Then studios began to open, in which both rehearsals and ballet performances took place. In everyday life, the term "choreography" appeared, which means "the art of dance."

Ballet quickly became popular view creativity, especially since the dances were necessarily accompanied by music, most often classical. The theatrical audience was divided into two camps: lovers of dramatic or opera performances and those who prefer to watch a dance performance on theater stage with musical accompaniment.

Cinematography

most popular and massive view art is cinema. Over the past half century it has been supplanted by television, but millions of people still go to cinemas. What explains such a high demand for cinema? First of all, the versatility of this art form. Any literary work can be filmed, and it will become even more interesting in a new reading. Ballet performances, popular science stories - all this can also be shown to the moviegoer.

There is a whole industry of film production, which is based on the film studios of the first size, such as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures and a few others. All large firms for the release of films are located in Hollywood, a special area of ​​the American city of Los Angeles. Hundreds of smaller film studios are scattered around the world. "Dream Factory" - this is the name of world cinema, and this is a very accurate definition.