Valentin Petrovich Kataev. Scientific works

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Valentin Petrovich Kataev(January 16, Odessa, Russian Empire - April 12, Moscow, USSR) - Russian Soviet writer, poet and playwright, screenwriter, journalist, war correspondent. Hero of Socialist Labor (1974).

Family

Valentin Kataev's paternal grandfather - Vasily Alekseevich Kataev (born 1819) - the son of a priest. He studied at the Vyatka Theological Seminary, then graduated from the Moscow Theological Academy. Since 1846 he worked as an inspector at the Glazov Theological School, was an archpriest of the Izhevsk arms factory. In June 1861 he was transferred to the Vyatka Cathedral.

Father Pyotr Vasilyevich Kataev (d. 1921) - teacher at the diocesan school in Odessa. Mother Evgenia Ivanovna Bachey - daughter of General Ivan Eliseevich Bachey, from the Poltava small local noble family. Subsequently, Kataev gave the name of his father and the surname of his mother to the main, largely autobiographical hero of the story “The lonely sail turns white” Petya Bachey.

Mother, father, grandmother and uncle Valentina Kataeva are buried at the 2nd Christian cemetery in Odessa.

The younger brother of Valentin Kataev is the writer Yevgeny Petrov (1903-1942), named after his mother; He took his pseudonym from his father's name.

By the second marriage, Kataev was married to Esther Davydovna Kataeva (nee Brenner, 1913-2009). “It was an amazing marriage,” said a close friend of the Kataev family Daria Dontsova about him. This marriage had two children - Evgenia Valentinovna Kataeva (named after her grandmother, mother Valentin Kataev, born 1936) and children's writer and memoirist Pavel Valentinovich Kataev (born 1938).

Son-in-law of Kataev (second husband of Evgenia Kataeva) - Jewish Soviet poet, editor and public figure A. A. Vergelis (1918-1999).

Kataev's nephews (sons of E. P. Petrov) are cameraman P. E. Kataev (1930-1986) and composer I. E. Kataev (1939-2009).

Granddaughter of Kataev (daughter of Evgenia Kataeva from her first marriage) - Valentina Eduardovna Roy, journalist.

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Biography

Odessa

Odessa. Hotel "Londonskaya", where Valentin Kataev liked to stay

The language of Odessa has largely become literary language Kataev, and Odessa itself became not just a backdrop for many works by Valentin Kataev, but their full-fledged hero.

Kataev's father was very an educated person. He received his primary education at the Theological Seminary, then graduated with a silver medal from the Faculty of History and Philology of the Novorossiysk University and for many years taught at the cadet and diocesan schools in Odessa. The Kataevs lived happily, six years after the birth of Valentine, they had another son, Evgeny, who later became (under the pseudonym "Petrov") one of the co-authors of the famous novels "The Twelve Chairs" and "The Golden Calf". Shortly after birth younger son Evgenia Ivanovna Kataeva died of pneumonia, and her sister helped raise the children, replacing the mother of the orphaned children. The widowed 47-year-old father of Valentin and Evgeny never remarried.

The Kataev brothers grew up surrounded by books. The family had an unusually extensive library - complete collections of works by Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Chekhov, Turgenev, Nekrasov, Leskov, Goncharov, many historical and reference literature- "History of the Russian State", Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, Petri's atlas. love for Russian classical literature from childhood was instilled in them by parents who loved to read aloud.

As Kataev himself later recalled, he began writing at the age of nine and from childhood he was sure that he was born a writer. Having drawn a school notebook into two columns, like a one-volume collected works of Pushkin, he began to write a complete collection of his works right off the bat, inventing them right there all in a row: elegies, stanzas, epigrams, stories, short stories and novels. Unfortunately, samples of this very early stage of Kataev's work have not been preserved.

And with early childhood in the character of Kataev, one can discern an adventurous streak combined with organizational skills:

When you remember now that frivolity, that suddenness, surprise for yourself, with which the most amazing ideas were suddenly born in my head, for no reason at all, requiring immediate implementation, you can’t help but smile, and partly even regret it, that you no longer have that diabolical energy, that former need for immediate action, even if sometimes very stupid, but still action!

The first publication of Kataev was the poem "Autumn", published in 1910 in the newspaper "Odessa Vestnik" - the official organ of the Odessa branch of the Union of the Russian People. Over the next two years, more than 25 poems by Kataev were published in the Odessa Herald. It is of interest that twice: in February 1912 and January 1913, Kataev published in the Odessa Bulletin the same poem dedicated to the anniversary of the Union of the Russian People, but in the first case for six years, and in the second case for seven years.

In 1912, Kataev's first small humorous stories were published in the Odessa Herald. This year individual publications two more voluminous stories by Kataev "Awakening" and "Dark Personality" are published in Odessa. The first of them described the departure young man from the revolutionary movement under the influence of a love for a girl that broke out in him, and in the second Alexander Kuprin, Arkady Averchenko and Mikhail Kornfeld were satirically portrayed.

Shortly before the start of the First World War, Kataev met A. M. Fedorov and I. A. Bunin, who became the first literary teachers budding writer. In the same years, Kataev's friendship with Yuri Olesha and Eduard Bagritsky begins, which laid the foundation for the famous circle of young Odessa writers.

Due to participation in the First World War, the Civil War, the need to hide his participation in the White movement and the need for physical survival, Kataev’s education was limited to an unfinished gymnasium (5th Odessa gymnasium, 1905-1914).

World War I

Without graduating from the gymnasium, in 1915 Kataev joined the army as a volunteer. He began serving near Smorgon as a private on an artillery battery, then promoted to warrant officer. Twice he was wounded and gassed. In December 1916 he was admitted to the Odessa Military School, moving from artillery to infantry. In the summer of 1917, after being wounded in the thigh in the "Keren" offensive on the Romanian front, he was placed in a hospital in Odessa.

In emigration, Bunin did not publicly confirm his teaching in relation to the Soviet writer, but in the 2000s, Kataev's widow Esther spoke about her meeting with her husband in the late 1950s with Bunin's widow:

... Bunin, he called his teacher with every right - Simonov brought from him in the forty-sixth year "Lika" with an inscription confirming that he followed Kataev most carefully. And in the late fifties, we visited Vera Nikolaevna, Bunin's widow, - we were visiting her in Paris, and I saw how she hugged Valya ... She was all crying. I bought meringues, which he adored - I even remembered that! And she met him so affectionately ... And she even knew that I was Esta, she immediately called me by name! She said: Bunin read "Sail" aloud, exclaiming - well, who else can do that ?! But he could never believe one thing: that Vali Kataev had children. How is Vali, young Vali, maybe two adult children? The husband asked to show Bunin's favorite ashtray in the form of a cup - she brought it and wanted to give it to Valya, but he said that he did not dare to take it. “Okay,” said Vera Nikolaevna, “then they will put her in a coffin with me.”

Poem Val. Kataev. Magazine "Yablochko", Odessa, April 1918

With regard to Kataev, Bunin spoke out more than unambiguously. From the diaries of Ivan Bunin for 1919:

There was V. Kataev (young writer). The cynicism of today's young people is downright incredible. He said: “For a hundred thousand I will kill anyone. I want to eat well, I want to have a good hat, great shoes…”

white movement

Little is known exactly about the participation of Valentin Kataev in the Civil War. According to the official Soviet version and his own recollections (“Almost a Diary”), Kataev fought in the Red Army from the spring of 1919. However, there is another view of this period of the writer's life, which is that he served on a voluntary basis in the White Army of General A. I. Denikin. This is evidenced by some hints in the works of the author himself, which seem to many researchers to be autobiographical, as well as the surviving memories of the Bunin family, who actively communicated with Kataev in Odessa period his life.

According to alternative version, in 1918, after being treated in a hospital in Odessa, Kataev joined the armed forces of Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky. After the fall of the hetman in December 1918, when the Bolsheviks appeared north of Odessa, in March 1919 Kataev volunteered for the Volunteer Army with the rank of second lieutenant. He served as an artilleryman on the Novorossiya light armored train of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (VSYUR), commander of the first tower (the most dangerous place on an armored train). The armored train was attached to a detachment of volunteers by A.N. Rosenshild von Paulin and opposed the Petliurists, who declared war on the All-Union Socialist Republic on September 24, 1919. The fighting lasted throughout October and ended with the occupation of Vapnyarka by the Whites. The detachment advanced in the Kiev direction as part of the troops of the Novorossiysk region of the All-Union Socialist Republic of General N. N. Schilling (the actions of the troops of the Novorossiysk region of the All-Union Socialist Republic were part of Denikin's campaign against Moscow).

Before the start of the retreat of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in January 1920, the Novorossiya armored train, as part of the Rosenshield von Paulin detachment, fought on two fronts - against the Petliurists, who were entrenched in Vinnitsa, and against the Reds, who were stationed in Berdichev.

Due to the rapid growth in ranks in the All-Union Socialist Revolutionary Federation (orders for the fratricidal war were not given to Denikins in principle), Kataev graduated from this campaign, most likely with the rank of lieutenant or staff captain. But at the very beginning of 1920, even before the start of the retreat, Kataev fell ill with typhus in Zhmerinka and was evacuated to the Odessa hospital. Later, his relatives took him, still sick with typhus, home.

"Wrangel conspiracy at the lighthouse" and prison

By mid-February 1920, Kataev was cured of typhus. By that time, the Reds had occupied Odessa, and the recovered Kataev joined an underground officer conspiracy, the purpose of which was to prepare for a meeting of a probable landing from the Crimea of ​​the Russian army of Wrangel. This seemed all the more likely, since in August 1919 Odessa had already been liberated from the Reds once by a simultaneous strike by an airborne detachment and an uprising of underground officer organizations. The capture of the lighthouse to support the landing was the main task of the underground group, therefore, in the Odessa Cheka, the conspiracy was called the "Wrangel conspiracy at the lighthouse." The very idea of ​​a conspiracy could have been planted on the conspirators by a Cheka agent, since the Cheka knew about the conspiracy from the very beginning.

One of the conspirators, Viktor Fedorov, was connected with the lighthouse - a former officer of the VSYUR, who escaped persecution by the Reds and got a job as a junior officer in the searchlight team at the lighthouse. He was the son of the writer A. M. Fedorov from a family friendly to Kataev and Bunin. The agent of the Cheka offered Fedorov a large sum of money for disabling the searchlight during the landing. Fedorov agreed to do it for free. The Cheka led the group for several weeks and then arrested its members: Fedorov, his wife, projectors, Valentin Kataev and others. At the same time, his younger brother Eugene was arrested, most likely, who had nothing to do with the conspiracy.

Grigory Kotovsky interceded for Viktor Fedorov before the chairman of the Odessa Cheka, Max Deutsch. Victor's father A. M. Fedorov in 1916 influenced the abolition death penalty by hanging against Kotovsky. It was Kotovsky who took Odessa in February 1920 and, thanks to this, had a great influence on what was happening at that time in the city. Fedorov and his wife Nadezhda, at the insistence of Kotovsky, were released by Deutsch.

Valentin Kataev was saved by an even more fantastic accident. From a higher Cheka (from Kharkov or Moscow) Chekist Yakov Belsky came to the Odessa Cheka with an inspection. Belsky well remembered Kataev in the past, in 1919, at the Bolshevik demonstrations in Odessa - those for which Bunin blamed Kataev, not knowing that even at that time Kataev was in the White Guard underground:

After all, if I'm talking to you after all that you've done, it means that I'm overpowering you feeling good, because with Carmen now I do not bow and will not bow.

For Belsky, as well as for the Odessa Chekists, who did not know about Kataev's voluntary service in the All-Union Socialist Republic, this was a sufficient reason to let Kataev go. In September 1920, after six months in prison, Valentin Kataev and his brother left it. The rest of the conspirators were shot in the autumn of 1920.

Kharkiv

In 1921 he worked in the Kharkov press together with Yuri Olesha. I rented an apartment with him at number 16 at the intersection of Devichya Street (later renamed Demchenko Street, but in 2016 the street was returned historical name) and Chernoglazovskaya (Marshal Bazhanov Street) (“I live in Kharkov on the corner of Devichya and Chernoglazovskaya - this is impossible in any other city in the world” - “My Diamond Crown”).

Moscow

In 1922 he moved to Moscow, where from 1923 he began working in the newspaper Gudok, and as a "topical" humorist he collaborated with many publications. He signed his newspaper and magazine humoresques with the pseudonyms “Old Man Sabbakin”, “Ol. Twist", "Mitrofan Mustard".

In a statement by the Secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR V. Stavsky in 1938 addressed to the People's Commissar of the NKVD N. I. Yezhov, it was proposed to “solve the issue of O. E. Mandelstam”, his poems were called “obscene and slanderous”, the poet was soon arrested. I. L. Prut and Valentin Kataev are named in the letter as "speaking sharply and openly" in defense of Osip Mandelstam. Nadezhda Mandelstam, in her memoirs, says that in the summer of 1937 Kataev helped the Mandelstams with money, and in the autumn of that year he organized a meeting between Mandelstam, who illegally arrived in Moscow, and Fadeev at his apartment.

Peredelkino

The Great Patriotic War

During the years of the Great Patriotic War Kataev was a war correspondent, wrote big number essays, stories, journalistic articles, poetic captions for posters. One of Kataev's stories of those years - "Our Father" - should rightfully be attributed to Russian literary classics.
At the very end of the war, on the eve of the Victory, he wrote one of his most "sunny" stories - "The Son of the Regiment". Her hero - the boy Vanya Solntsev - with a non-childish fate, but at the same time with purity and poetry of perception of the world.

post-war period

After the war, Kataev was prone to days of heavy drinking. In 1946, Valentina Serova told Bunin that Kataev “Sometimes he drinks for 3 days. He doesn’t drink, doesn’t drink, and then, after finishing a story, an article, sometimes a chapter, he goes on a spree.. In 1948, this almost led Kataev to divorce his wife. The writer's son, P. V. Kataev, describes this situation as follows:

Then my mother told me how she firmly and calmly informed my father that she was taking the children and leaving because she was tired and did not want to endure days of spree, incomprehensible guests, drunken scandals.<…>

And you don't have to go anywhere, - said dad. - I don't drink anymore.

Magazine "Youth"

Kataev became the founder and first editor-in-chief (1955-1961) of the new magazine Yunost. The journal published many works that differed in style and content from the prevailing literary stereotypes of "socialist realism", and were often criticized by conservative bodies.

Kataev relied on young and unknown prose writers and poets. The stories of Anatoly Gladilin, Vasily Aksyonov and others published on the pages of Yunost described the young generation's search for their own path at the "construction sites of the century" and in their personal lives. Heroes attracted sincerity and rejection of falsehood.

After editing at Yunost, Mikhail Suslov, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, considered Kataev for the position of editor-in-chief of Literaturnaya Gazeta, but he failed to get the appointment.

Participation in collective letters

Illness and death

Grave of Valentin Petrovich Kataev Novodevichy cemetery Moscow.

At the end of his life, Valentin Petrovich underwent an operation to remove a cancerous tumor:

... Calmly for his life, although with undisguised admiration for the work of a surgeon, he talked about a difficult operation that he experienced on the verge of old age. The cancerous tumor was excised, but a problem arose - would the remaining healthy tissue be enough to prevent the suture from coming apart. There was enough fabric. The father in the faces conveyed the conversation of two surgeons arguing about him: the seam will spread or not. And he admired the filigree work of the operating surgeon, a determined and skillful woman, a participant in the war, who remained his good friend until the end of his life.

Valentin Petrovich Kataev died on April 12, 1986, at the age of 90. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (site No. 10).

Creation

He made his debut in print in 1910. In the 1920s he wrote stories about the civil war and satirical stories. Since 1923, he contributed to the Gudok newspaper, the Krokodil magazine, and other periodicals.

The fight against philistinism is devoted to his story "Squanderers" (1926; play of the same name, 1928), comedy "Squaring the circle" (1928). Author of the novel "Time, Forward!" (1932; film adaptation, 1965). The story “The lonely sail turns white” (1936; film adaptation, 1937) brought wide popularity.

The small story "I, the son of the working people ..." (1937) told about tragic history, which occurred in one of the Ukrainian villages during civil war. The story was published, filmed, on its basis the play “A soldier was walking from the front” was written, which was staged at the E. B. Vakhtangov Theater and on other stages of the country.

After the war, he continued “The Lone Sail Turns White” with the stories “For the Power of the Soviets” (1948; another name is “Catacombs”, 1951; film of the same name - 1956), “A Farm in the Steppe” (1956; film adaptation, 1970), “Winter Wind” (1960 -1961), forming a tetralogy with the idea of ​​the continuity of revolutionary traditions. Later, all four works (“The lonely sail turns white”, “Khutorok in the steppe”, “Winter wind” and “For the power of the Soviets” (“Catacombs”) came out as a single epic “Waves of the Black Sea”.

In 1964, he took part in writing the collective detective novel “The one who laughs laughs”, published in the newspaper “Nedelya”.

Author of the publicistic story "Little Iron door in the wall" (1964). Starting from this work, he changed his writing style and subject matter. Mine a new style called "movism" (from French mauvais "bad, bad"), implicitly contrasting it with the smooth writing of the official Soviet literature.

In this manner, the lyric-philosophical memoir stories "The Holy Well" (1966), "The Grass of Oblivion" (1967), the story "Cube" (1969), " broken life, or the Magic Horn of Oberon" (1972), "Cemetery in Skuliany" (1974), the story "Werther has already been written" (1979), "The youthful novel of my old friend Sasha Pchelkin, told by himself" (1982), "Dry Estuary" (1984), Sleeper (1985).

The novel My Diamond Crown (1978) caused a wide resonance and abundant comments. In the novel, Kataev recalls literary life countries of the 1920s, without naming almost any real names (the characters are covered with transparent "pseudonyms").

In 1980, in the June issue of Novy Mir, his “anti-Soviet” story was published with the sanction of M. A. Suslov, secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, who patronized Kataev. "Werther has already been written" which caused a big scandal. In it (when the writer was already 83 years old), he revealed the secret of his participation in the white movement and his arrest. On September 2, 1980, the chairman of the KGB, Yuri Andropov, sent a note to the Central Committee of the CPSU, assessing the story as a politically harmful work, which "misrepresents the role of the Cheka as an instrument of the party in the fight against counter-revolution." The result was a ban on mentioning the story in print.

Kataev's works have been repeatedly translated into foreign languages.

Poetry

Starting as a poet, Kataev remained a fine connoisseur of poetry all his life. Some of his prose works are called lines from poems by Russian poets: “ A lonely sail turns white" (M. Yu. Lermontov), ​​"Time, forward!" (V. V. Mayakovsky), “Werther has already been written” (B. L. Pasternak). His widow E. D. Kataeva recalled:

In any case, once he spoke in the sense that, surrounded by a galaxy of strong poets born in the twentieth century in Russia, one can not engage in poetry.

My father did not publish poetry collections, he did not print poems, but he remained a poet.

IN Lately the meaning of Kataev the poet is being revised. So, the poet and researcher of the life and work of Kataev, Alexander Nemirovsky, includes Valentin Kataev in the second ten of the most important Russian poets of the 20th century for himself.

Dramaturgy

Here is what Kataev's son says about his father's plays:

My father did not consider himself a playwright, although the number of plays written by him and staged in the theaters of the country and the world would be enough for the fate of a successful dramatic writer, who, in addition to creating plays. wouldn't do anything else.

The fate of some of my father's plays is not of particular interest. That is, he composed a play, offered it to the theater, it was staged there, it withstood a certain number of performances, say, one hundred or two hundred, after which it died safely, leaving no noticeable trace behind.

Screen versions of works

... When it came to the film adaptation of his works, Kataev said that he liked the first film adaptation of "The Lonely Sail Turns White" (then there were "Waves of the Black Sea", based on all four of his novels).<…>He said that it was possible to film the story "The Cube", but for this we need Federico Fellini.

Kataev's works in theater, film and television

Drama Theater

• 1927 - "Squanderers" - Moscow Art Theater, staged by K. S. Stanislavsky
• 1928 - "Quadrature of the Circle" - Moscow Art Theatre, staged by N. M. Gorchakov under the direction of V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Academic Russian Drama Theater of Uzbekistan, production by T. M. Sharafutdinov (2014). The play is staged to this day in theaters in Russia, Europe and America.
• 1934 - "Road of Flowers" - Moscow Modern Theater
• 1940 - "House" - Comedy Theater, staged by N. P. Akimov. The play was banned; in 1972 (?) restored by director A. A. Belinsky
• 1940 - “A soldier was walking from the front” - Vakhtangov Theater
• 1942 - "Blue handkerchief" - theater (?)
• 1948 - "Day of rest" ("Where are you, Monsieur Miussov?") - Moscow academic theater satires
• 1954 (?) - “It was in Konsk” (“House”) - Moscow Academic Theater of Satire
• 1958 (?) - "It's time for love" - ​​Moscow City Council Theater, Tashkent Russian Youth Theater (1968)

Opera theatre

Filmography

Year		Name	Role
	f	Der brave Sunder	literary basis (story "Squanderers")
	f	Circus	written by together with Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov; all three had their last names removed from the credits of the film due to changes made to the script by the director
	f	Motherland is calling	written by together with A. V. Macheret
	f	A lonely sail turns white	written by
	f	A soldier walked from the front	written by
	f	Pages of life	written by together with A. V. Macheret
	f	son of the regiment	written by
	mf	Semi-flower	written by
	f	Crazy day	written by
	f	For the power of the Soviets	written by
	f	Poet	written by
	f	Time forward!	written by together with M. A. Schweitzer
	f	Semi-flower short	written by
	tf	Humoresque Valentina Kataeva concert film	literary basis (the story "The Diary of a Bitter Drunkard", the play "Road of Flowers", the fairy tale "Pearl")
	f	Happy Kukushkin short	literary basis (story "Knives")
	f	Farm in the steppe	written by
	tf	Waves of the Black Sea	literary basis
	tf	Violet film performance	literary basis
	mf	last petal	literary basis (fairy tale "Flower-semitsvetik")
	tf	Je veux voir Mioussov	literary basis (play "Day of rest")
	f	son of the regiment	literary basis
	tf	Monday is a hard day film performance	literary basis (the play "The Case of a Genius")
	f

Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	Odessa, Russian Empire
Date of death:
A place of death:	Moscow, USSR
Citizenship:
Occupation:	Prose writer, playwright
Direction:	socialist realism, Movism
	story, novel, short story
Art language:
Awards / Prizes:

First World War

Bunin's apprenticeship

white movement

Peredelkino

The Second World War

Magazine "Youth"

outlook

Education

Creation

Dramaturgy

Screen adaptations

Compositions

stories

Scenarios

Poems

Non-genre works

Drama Theater

Opera theatre

Filmography

Awards and prizes

public reputation

Interesting Facts

(January 16, 1897, Odessa, Russian Empire - April 12, 1986, Moscow, USSR) - Russian Soviet writer, playwright, poet.

Family

Father Valentina Kataev - a teacher, teacher of the diocesan school in Odessa, Pyotr Vasilievich Kataev - came from the environment of the clergy. Mother Evgenia Ivanovna Bachey is the daughter of General Ivan Eliseevich Bachey, from a Poltava small-scale noble family. Subsequently, Kataev gave the name of his father and the surname of his mother to the main, largely autobiographical hero of the story “The lonely sail turns white” Petya Bachey.

Mother, father, grandmother and uncle Valentina Kataeva are buried at the 2nd Christian cemetery in Odessa.

The younger brother of Valentin Kataev is the writer Yevgeny Petrov (1903-1942; named after his mother; he took his pseudonym surname from his father).

Kataev's daughter recalled:

By the second marriage, Kataev was married to Esther Davydovna Kataeva (1913-2009). “It was an amazing marriage,” said Daria Dontsova, a close friend of the Kataev family, about him. There were two children in this marriage - Evgenia Valentinovna Kataeva (named after her grandmother, mother Valentin Kataev, b. 1936) and children's writer and memoirist Pavel Valentinovich Kataev (b. 1938).

Son-in-law of Kataev (second husband of Evgenia Kataeva) - Jewish Soviet poet, editor and public figure Aron Vergelis (1918-1999).

Kataev's nephews (sons of Yevgeny Petrov) are cameraman Pyotr Kataev (1930-1986) and composer Ilya Kataev (1939-2009).

Granddaughter of Kataev (daughter of Evgenia Kataeva from her first marriage) - Valentina Eduardovna Roy, journalist (pseudonym - Tina Kataeva).

Biography

Odessa

Having lived 64 years of his life in Moscow and Peredelkino, in manners and speech, Kataev remained an Odessa citizen until the end of his life. The everyday language in the family of the writer's parents was Ukrainian. He learned Russian and Ukrainian literature from the voice of his parents during home readings; on the street I heard Yiddish and urban slang, in which Greek, Romanian and gypsy words were mixed.

“Jerky speech with a slight southern accent” was noticed in him back in 1918 by Vera Bunina. An Odessa journalist who interviewed him in 1982 (at the end of his life) spoke even more clearly: "... He had an indestructible Odessa accent."

The language of Odessa has largely become the literary language of Kataev, and Odessa itself has become not just a backdrop for many of the works of Valentin Kataev, but their full-fledged hero.

World War I

Without graduating from the gymnasium, in 1915 Kataev joined the army as a volunteer. He began his service near Smorgon as a junior rank in an artillery battery, then promoted to ensign. Twice he was wounded and gassed. In the summer of 1917, after being wounded in the "Keren" offensive on the Romanian front, he was placed in a hospital in Odessa.

Pavel Kataev described his father's wound as follows:

Kataev was awarded the rank of second lieutenant, but he did not have time to receive shoulder straps and was demobilized as an ensign. He was awarded two St. George's crosses and the Order of St. Anna IV degree (better known in Russian army titled "Anna for Courage"). With a military rank and awards, he received a personal nobility that was not inherited.

Bunin's apprenticeship

Kataev considered Ivan Bunin to be his only and main teacher among contemporary writers. "Dear teacher Ivan Alekseevich" is Kataev's usual address to Bunin in letters.

Kataev was introduced to Bunin by Alexander Mitrofanovich Fedorov, a self-taught writer living in Odessa at the time.

In emigration, Bunin did not publicly confirm his teaching in relation to the Soviet writer, but in the 2000s, Kataev's widow Esther spoke about her meeting with her husband in the late 1950s with Bunin's widow:

... Bunin, he called his teacher with every right - Simonov brought from him in the forty-sixth year "Lika" with an inscription confirming that he followed Kataev most carefully. And in the late fifties, we visited Vera Nikolaevna, Bunin's widow, - we were visiting her in Paris, and I saw how she hugged Valya ... She was all crying. I bought meringues, which he adored - I even remembered that! And I met him so affectionately ... And I even knew that I was Esta, I immediately called him by name! She said: Bunin read "Sail" aloud, exclaiming - well, who else can do that ?! But he could never believe one thing: that Vali Kataev had children. How is Vali, young Vali, maybe two adult children? The husband asked to show Bunin's favorite ashtray in the form of a cup - she brought it and wanted to give it to Valya, but he said that he did not dare to take it. “Okay,” said Vera Nikolaevna, “then they will put her in the coffin with me.”

white movement

Little is known exactly about the participation of Valentin Kataev in the Civil War. According to the official Soviet version and his own recollections (“Almost a Diary”), Kataev fought in the Red Army from the spring of 1919. However, there is another view of this period of the writer's life, which is that he served on a voluntary basis in the White Army of General A. I. Denikin. This is evidenced by some hints in the works of the author himself, which seem to many researchers to be autobiographical, as well as the surviving memories of the Bunin family, who actively communicated with Kataev during the Odessa period of his life. According to an alternative version, in 1918, after being treated in a hospital in Odessa, Kataev joined the armed forces of Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky. After the fall of the hetman in December 1918, when the Bolsheviks appeared north of Odessa, in March 1919 Kataev volunteered for the Volunteer Army of A. I. Denikin, automatically receiving the rank of second lieutenant.

How an artilleryman served on a light armored train "Novorossia" armed forces South of Russia (VSYUR) as the commander of the first tower (the most dangerous place on an armored train). The armored train was attached to a detachment of volunteers by A. N. Rosenshield von Paulin and opposed the Petliurists, who declared war on the All-Union Socialist Republic on September 24, 1919. The fighting lasted the whole of October and ended with the occupation of Vapnyarka by the Whites.

The detachment advanced in the Kiev direction as part of the troops of the Novorossiysk region of the All-Union Socialist Republic of General N. N. Schilling. The actions of the troops of the Novorossiysk region of the Armed Forces of South Russia were part of Denikin's campaign against Moscow.

Before the retreat of the All-Union Socialist League in January 1920, the Novorossiya armored train, as part of the Rosenshield von Paulin detachment, fought on two fronts - against the Petliurists, who were entrenched in Vinnitsa, and against the Reds, who were stationed in Berdichev.

Due to the rapid growth in the ranks in the All-Union Socialist Revolutionary Federation (orders for the fratricidal war were not given to Denikins in principle), Kataev ended this campaign, most likely with the rank of lieutenant or staff captain. But at the very beginning of 1920, even before the start of the retreat, Kataev fell ill with typhus in Zhmerinka and was evacuated to an Odessa hospital. Until February 7, 1920, the day the Reds entered Odessa (and the final - for more than 70 years - the establishment of Soviet power in Odessa), his relatives took him, still sick with typhus, home.

Wrangel conspiracy at the lighthouse "and prison

By mid-February 1920, Kataev was cured of typhus and immediately joined the officer's underground conspiracy to meet a possible Wrangel landing from the Crimea. In a similar way - a simultaneous strike by an airborne detachment and an uprising of officers underground organizations- Odessa was liberated from the Reds in August 1919. The capture of the lighthouse to support the landing was the main task of the underground group, therefore, in the Odessa Cheka, the conspiracy was called the "Wrangel conspiracy at the lighthouse." The very idea of ​​a conspiracy could have been planted on the conspirators by a Cheka provocateur, since the Cheka knew about the conspiracy from the very beginning.

One of the conspirators, Viktor Fedorov, was connected with the lighthouse - a former officer of the VSYUR, who escaped persecution by the Reds and got a job as a junior officer in the searchlight team at the lighthouse. Viktor Fedorov was the son of the writer A. M. Fedorov from a family friendly to Kataev and Bunin. The provocateur of the Cheka offered Viktor Fedorov a large sum of money for disabling the searchlight during the landing. Fedorov agreed to do it for free. The Cheka led the group for several weeks and then arrested its members: Viktor Fedorov, his wife, his brother-in-law, projectors, Valentin Kataev and others. Together with Valentin Kataev, his younger brother Yevgeny was arrested, most likely, who had nothing to do with the conspiracy.

Grigory Kotovsky interceded for Viktor Fedorov before the chairman of the Odessa Cheka, Max Deutsch. Victor's father A. M. Fedorov in 1916 influenced the abolition of the death penalty by hanging against Kotovsky. It was Kotovsky who took Odessa in February 1920 and, thanks to this, had a great influence on what was happening at that time in the city. Viktor Fedorov and his wife Nadezhda, at the insistence of Kotovsky, were released by Deutsch.

Valentin Kataev was saved by an even more fantastic accident. From the superior Cheka (from Kharkov or Moscow) to the Odessa Cheka, a security officer came with an inspection, whom Kataev called Yakov Belsky in conversations with his son. Belsky well remembered Kataev in the past, in 1919, at the Bolshevik demonstrations in Odessa - those for which Bunin blamed Kataev, not knowing that even at that time Kataev was in the White Guard underground:

For Belsky, just like the Odessa Chekists, who did not know about Kataev's voluntary service in the All-Union Socialist League, this was a sufficient reason to let Kataev go. In September 1920, after six months in prison, Valentin Kataev and his brother left it. The rest of the conspirators were shot in the fall of 1920.

Kharkiv

In 1921 he worked in the Kharkov press together with Yuri Olesha.

Moscow

In 1922 he moved to Moscow, where from 1923 he worked in the newspaper "Gudok" and as a "topical" humorist collaborated with many publications. Old man Sabbakin, Ol. Twist, Mitrofan Mustard.

In the statement of the Secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR V. Stavsky in 1938 addressed to the People's Commissar of the NKVD N.I. Yezhov was asked to "solve the issue of Mandelstam", his poems were called "obscene and slanderous", the poet was soon arrested. Iosif Prut and Valentin Kataev are named in the letter as "acting sharply" in defense of Osip Mandelstam.

Member of the CPSU since 1958.

Peredelkino

The Second World War

After the war, Kataev was prone to days of heavy drinking. In 1946, Valentina Serova told Bunin that Kataev “sometimes drinks for 3 days. He doesn’t drink, doesn’t drink, and then, after finishing a story, an article, sometimes a chapter, he goes on a spree. In 1948, this almost led Kataev to divorce his wife. Pavel Kataev describes this situation as follows:

Magazine "Youth"

Founder and in 1955-1961. Chief Editor Youth magazine.

Cancer

Death

outlook

Education

Due to participation in the First World War, the Civil War, the need to hide his participation in the White movement and the need for physical survival, Kataev’s education was limited to an unfinished gymnasium.

Creation

He made his debut in print in 1910. In the 1920s he wrote stories about the civil war and satirical stories. From 1923 he contributed to the Gudok newspaper, the Krokodil magazine, and other periodicals.

His novel The Wasters (1926; play of the same name, 1928) and the comedy Squaring the Circle (1928) are devoted to the struggle against philistinism. Author of the novel "Time, Forward!" (1932; filmed in 1965). The story “The Lonely Sail Turns White” (1936; film adaptation of the same name - 1937) brought wide fame.

The short story "I, the son of the working people ..." (1937) told about a tragic story that happened in one of the Ukrainian villages during the civil war. The story was published, filmed, on its basis the play “A Soldier Was Walking from the Front” was written, which was staged at the Vakhtangov Theater and on other stages of the country.

After the war, he continued “The Lone Sail Turns White” with the stories “For the Power of the Soviets” (1948; another name is “Catacombs”, 1951; film of the same name - 1956), “Farm in the Steppe” (1956; film of the same name - 1970), “Winter Wind” ( 1960-1961), forming a tetralogy with the idea of ​​the continuity of revolutionary traditions. Later, all four works (“The lonely sail turns white”, “Khutorok in the steppe”, “Winter wind” and “For the power of the Soviets” (“Catacombs”) came out as a single epic “Waves of the Black Sea”.

Author of the publicistic story "The Little Iron Door in the Wall" (1964). Starting from this work, he changed his writing style and subject matter. He called his new style "movism" (from fr. mauvais"bad, bad"), implicitly opposing it to the smooth writing of official Soviet literature. In this manner, the lyric-philosophical memoir stories "The Holy Well" (1967), "The Grass of Oblivion" (1967), the story "Cube" (1969) were written. The novel My Diamond Crown (1978) caused a wide resonance and abundant comments. In the novel, Kataev recalls the literary life of the country in the 1920s, without naming almost any real names (the characters are covered with transparent "pseudonyms").

Kataev's works have been repeatedly translated into foreign languages. What exactly is unknown.

Poetry

Starting as a poet, Kataev remained a fine connoisseur of poetry all his life. Some of his prose works are called lines from poems by Russian poets: “A lonely sail turns white” (Lermontov), ​​“Time, forward!” (Mayakovsky), "Werther has already been written" (Pasternak). His widow Esther Kataeva recalled:

Recently, the significance of Kataev the poet has been revised. So, the poet and researcher of the life and work of Kataev, Alexander Nemirovsky, includes Valentin Kataev in the second ten of the most important Russian poets of the 20th century for himself.

Dramaturgy

Screen adaptations

Compositions

Novels

• Time forward!
• Winter Wind (1960)
• Catacombs (1961)
• Diamond My Crown (1978)

Tale

• The Wasters (1926)
• The lonely sail turns white (1936)
• I, the son of the working people (1937)
• son of the regiment
• Farm in the steppe (1956)
• Little iron door in the wall (1964)
• Holy Well (1965)
• Oblivion Grass (1967)
• Cube (1968)
• A Broken Life, or the Magic Horn of Oberon (1972)
• Cemetery in Skuliany (1975)
• Already Written by Werther (1979)
• Juvenile Romance (1982)
• Sleeper (1984)

stories

• In a besieged city (1920, published 1922)
• Sir Henry and the Devil (1922)
• Father (1925)
• Sea (1928)
• Drum
• Surprise
• Our Father

Plays

• Squaring the circle
• Department Store (1928)
• A million torments
• Vanguard (1931)
• Rest Day (1940)
• Lodge (1940)
• Blue Handkerchief (1943)
• Father's house (1944)
• Case of a Genius (1956)

Scenarios

• Circus (1936), with Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov
• The Motherland Calls (1936)
• The lonely sail turns white (1937)
• A soldier was walking from the front (1938)
• Pages of Life (1946), with A. V. Macheret
• Son of the Regiment (1946)
• Semi-Flower (1948)
• Crazy Day (1956)
• For the power of the Soviets (1956)
• Poet (1956)
• Time forward! (1965), together with M. A. Schweitzer
• Semi-Flower (1968)
• Farm in the steppe (1970)
• Violet (1976)
• Monday is a hard day (1983)

Poems

• Autumn (1910)

Non-genre works

• Dry Estuary (1986)

Kataev's works in theater, film and television

Drama Theater

• 1927 - "Squanderers" - Moscow Art Theater, staged by K. S. Stanislavsky.
• 1928 - "Quadrature of the Circle" - Moscow Art Theatre, staged by N. M. Gorchakov under the direction of V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The play is still staged in theaters in Russia, Europe and America.
• 1934 - "Road of Flowers" - Moscow Modern Theater

1940 - "House" - Comedy Theater, staged by N. P. Akimov. The play was banned; in 1972 (?) restored by director A. A. Belinsky.

• 1940 - “A soldier was walking from the front” - Vakhtangov Theater.
• 1942 - "Blue handkerchief" - theater (?).
• 1948 - "Crazy Day" ("Where are you, Monsieur Miussov?") - Moscow Academic Theater of Satire.
• 1954 (?) - “It was in Konsk” (“House”) - Moscow Academic Theater of Satire.
• 1958 (?) - "It's time for love" - ​​the theater of the Moscow City Council.

Opera theatre

• 1940, June 23 - "Semyon Kotko" (1939), opera by S. S. Prokofiev in 5 acts, 7 scenes based on the story by V. P. Kataev "I, the son of the working people ...". Libretto by V.P. Kataev and S.S. Prokofiev. Moscow Academic Musical Theater named after K.S. Stanislavsky and Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko under control. M. Zhukova.
• 1970s - "Semyon Kotko" (1939), opera by S. S. Prokofiev in 5 acts, 7 scenes based on the story by V. P. Kataev "I, the son of the working people ...". Libretto by V.P. Kataev and S.S. Prokofiev. Grand Theatre, director B. A. Pokrovsky, conductor F. Sh. Mansurov

Filmography

		Name
		Semi-flower short
		Waves of the Black Sea	Literary basis
		Violet film performance
		last petal	Literary basis
		son of the regiment
		Monday is a hard day film performance

Awards and prizes

• Two George crosses
• Order of St. Anne 4th class
• Stalin Prize second degree (1946) - for the story "The Son of the Regiment" (1945)
• Hero of Socialist Labor (1974)
• Three orders of Lenin

Kataev, V.P. vs. Solzhenitsyn, Sakharov

• Kataev, V.P. signed a Letter from a group of Soviet writers to the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper on August 31, 1973 about Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov

public reputation

• Ivan Bunin (1919):

• Vera Bunina (1919):

• Boris Efimov, who knew Kataev for more than half a century, named the chapter of his book Two Kataevs (2004):

• Alexander Nemirovsky (2005):

• Sergey Shargunov (2006):

So you name, say, Kataev among your favorite writers... Does it matter to you what he was like as a person? How do you decide for yourself the question of the relationship between creativity and personality? Literature textbooks are always history textbooks, their heroes, forgive the clerk, are "socially significant." Of course, Kataev's main work was his prose, sparkling like a lollipop, licked and spit out into the grass by a summer child, so that you can still hear escaping laughter ... Thanks to Kataev for masterful movement! Written is the main thing. But personality, fate - this is what creates a sublinear mysterious rumble or, if you like, lights up a bright illumination over the lines. The writer, as a rule, wants to live widely, freely, dangerously. Writing is not only scribbling lines, but also “reconnaissance in force”, throws into unexplored areas of life. The engine of personality, the secret of its development is a paradox. The writer has bitter experiences, martyrdom, and next to him - sweet, lordly experiences: the experience of icy laughter, desperate calmness, poisonous gloss, for all the latter, the stupid people of Kataev or Alexei N. Tolstoy reproach ...

• Kataev never drove a car - usually his wife drove it and, during the period of the writer's work as editor-in-chief of the Yunost magazine (1955-1961), a special driver. Later, the son acted as a driver.
• In the 2000s, when interest in Kataev returned, there was even competition for the right to write a biography of Valentin Kataev in the ZhZL series. On this occasion, Sergey Shargunov said in an interview:

I would like to write ZhZL Kataev. It seems that to this day, the charming and ancient Esther, his widow, wanders along the Peredelkino paths ... But I was told that Dmitry Bykov's wife is already writing his ZhZL.

• In Perm, not far from the puppet theater, the sculpture "Flower-seven-flower" was installed.

Memory

• On the facade of the house number 4 on Bazarnaya Street in Odessa, where Valentin Kataev was born, there is a memorial plaque.
• One of the alleys in Odessa is named after Valentin Kataev.
• IN Odessa museum A separate museum exposition is dedicated to Kataev.

Maria Tereneva-Kataeva

"How It Was" - autobiographical memoir

Original here: http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Hall/7820/teren/ The river of time rushes either in sun glare or in hopeless stormy blackness, and carries away our joys, light as air streams - and stone-heavy grief. A wave of world war and revolution picked me up from the backwoods of the county and dragged me in carts and carts along the roads of the country to its very heart - Moscow. Komsomol years of lofty ideals and self-sacrificing dreams... In my seventeenth year of life, with a swift gait, I entered a beautiful building Literary Institute on Povarskaya. I read at the first interview my favorite poets - Blok, Mayakovsky, Verharn - and my own poems, was accepted without certificates and certificates, which I did not have. The history of world literature, linguistics and other important sciences were studied at the institute, but most of all they lived and raved about poetry. All together prepared for tests, appeared in print with the first stories for poetry; an avalanche broke through to the Polytechnic on literary evenings; hand in hand, they walked in a line through the streets, chanting "Left March" by Mayakovsky or "Twelve" by Blok. The atmosphere of passion for poetry and hidden love for each other reigned among us. The student also came Faculty of Economics Moscow State University, a young journalist who wrote stories and essays, Ivan Kataev. I often saw his still youthful face and restrained kind smile. Once we were walking down the street together, evening Moscow was dousing with coolness and peace. Cab drivers drove by, hooves rhythmically tapped. Kataev spoke about the classics - about Dostoevsky, Tolstoy: "It's not easy to write as you feel, as your conscience dictates. But we in the Pass are striving for this ..." I knew about the Pass. Recently, in the premises of the Krug publishing house, she read her poems to the Perevals. Someone scolded me for an inaccurate rhyme, and the head of the "Pass" group, Alexander Voronsky, praised me. Some of these poems have been published in magazines" New world"," Krasnaya Niva "... It turned out that my meetings with Ivan were not limited to the institute. In a green wooden house in Vsekhsvyatsky (now the Sokol metro station), where my parents lived, a homeless friend of my brother settled in a free room at that time in the army, Yefim Vikhrev. I lived in a hostel, but I often visited my parents and met Ivan at Yefim's. They both now worked in the cooperative magazine City and Village. Almost immediately behind the house a field began, sparkling with the purest snow. Ivan taught me to walk on skis, and I often floundered like a roly-poly in the snow. “Komsomol element, when will you join the party?” Ivan suddenly asked. “Why should I lose my freedom?” I answered lightly. ", said Ivan. Sometimes I was in Ivan's small room in Kuntsevo, where there was the master's old wrought-iron couch and an unpainted table. On it were several books and a large clay dog. "The only grace of my lonely life," Ivan joked. Here in the evenings we read aloud many chapters from "Pan" Hamsun. The rumble of a bus on the highway suddenly crashed into the open windows, and then the silence seemed even deeper. And even then I understood that in Ivan, in this restrained person, spiritual purity is unchanged, extremely careful attitude to all people. He has a big purpose in life. It was different from the noisy, disorderly circle of young people that I was used to at the institute. In the autumn of 1926, together with the Institute, which was disbanded and partly merged into the Leningrad University, I left for Leningrad. I fell in love with this city with its traditions, with the poetry of its majestic buildings and cathedrals. Several students and I lived in a small commune, rented rooms in an old apartment on Vasilyevsky Island. I studied at the university and worked in the youth newspaper "Change". When everyone left for the holidays, I especially felt loneliness. And, of course, I was delighted when Ivan and Yefim entered the room, a little embarrassed. We talked a little, and I wanted to show them Leningrad. I was proud of the city as my discovery. We walked along the embankment, admiring the sphinxes over the Neva, the strict lines of the Lieutenant Schmidt bridge, visited a deserted summer garden. It was foggy, at times an imperceptible rain was sown, the white statues among the trees seemed alive. We were seized with a sense of the beauty and significance of this city, the significance of human life. Ivan and I came here and later, when Yefim had already left, met the onset of white nights, breathed coolness from the Neva. Ivan was serious, unusual, and said solemnly: "Into your hands I betray my spirit ..." We decided to spend a vacation together. At the beginning of July 1927 arrived in Vladikavkaz. A year later, Ivan and I moved to an old house on the Leningradskoye Shosse to my parents, the three of us, with their little son Yura. Ivan began to work as an executive secretary in the new Literaturnaya Gazeta, signed contracts for the publication of his first novels and short stories. I rarely left All Saints. Then it was a remote suburb. Traveled with a baby. Ivan asked me to keep a diary of the behavior and development of the child - Ivan kept his mother's diary as a shrine. But I was bored of keeping such a diary. I was looking forward to the evening when Ivan would return with his usual and interesting stories about literary life. Young writers and critics, friends and acquaintances of Ivan, Nikolai Zarudin, Boris Guber, Eduard Bagritsky, Alexander Mylyshkin, Nikolai Dementiev, Abram Lezhnev and others sometimes came to us in Vsekhsvyatskoye. All of them belonged to the mentioned literary group "Pass". These meetings continued later, when in the early 30s we moved to new apartment to Kropotkin Street, spacious, but cold - with stove heating. In January 1930, Kataev with the Pravda brigade went to the areas of collectivization in the Kuban. Rumors about the progress of collectivization were disturbing. More and more often people with exhausted, humiliated faces knocked on our door and asked for bread. It was said that early in the morning the corpses of people who had died of starvation, who had come from afar, were removed from the streets. Ivan returned gloomy, answered questions sparingly, reluctantly, set to work on the book "Movement" - about the Kuban. I was looking for comprehension of everything I saw, I was looking with anxiety, hiding pain and bewilderment. There were also changes in literary life. Former disagreements have turned into fierce fights, theoretical disputes into merciless battles. Ivan had published several books by this time. They were well received by critics and readers. But now the situation has changed. After all, Ivan was one of the leading writers of The Pass, whose main slogans were sincerity, a true reflection of life, and deep humanity. In the cruel, heated atmosphere of those years, these slogans met with resistance from the leadership of the Rappovites (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers). Criticism was dominated by "Rapp's club". Disputes, verbal battles also took place in our apartment between the perevaltsy and the Rappovites. By the way, A. Fadeev, a member of Rappov at that time, was softer and more benevolent than many others. Attacks on Ivan Kataev especially intensified after the publication of the story "Milk". Criticism accused him of "Christian liberalism", of complicity with the kulaks. During these years, Ivan traveled a lot on assignments from newspapers and the Our Achievements magazine - to the Khibiny, to Armenia ... Sometimes it seemed to me that a stream was rushing through life human destinies. After each trip, new essays or stories arose. The first congress of Soviet writers was held. Gorky and Bukharin spoke. Ivan was elected a member of the Board of the Writers' Union. Life has changed more and more. The political trials of Bukharin, Radek and others have passed. In August 1936, Ivan was expelled from the party. Arrests, general fear, alienation became more frequent ... And Ivan wrote his last story"Under pure stars", about this year's trip to Altai, already knowing for sure what lies ahead, but remaining himself, the same, honest and open. In February 1937, the second son was born, to whom Ivan was very happy. And in March 1937 late call. Five came in, show a search warrant and arrest. Drawers of tables and cabinets rattled. Books, our drafts, letters flew to the floor. Before dawn, filling the back of the truck with sacks of manuscripts and books, they led Ivan to the car. I rushed to Ivan said in a low voice: “Clean up and live quietly, and they will deal with me.” Then day after day we give endless queues at the reception, applications and letters “upstairs”.
I started working at school, I liked being with children. They were far from general despair and hopelessness. Prisoners were allowed to transfer fifty rubles a month. I split this money into pieces to know if Ivan was still here. And when the money was not accepted, I realized that he was no longer in Moscow. I learned the sentence: "Ten years without the right to correspond." What lay behind this Jesuit phrase was understood much later. Very soon, I, with a child in my arms, was taken to the "mother's cell" of the Butyrka prison. In this semi-dark room with a high wooden shield on the window, I became the thirteenth. Criminals brought semolina in a bucket... The next morning I was called into the corridor and offered to sign a paper with a resolution of the Special Council that I was sentenced to eight years as a "member of the family of a traitor to the motherland" - ChSKR. Prisoners were usually given a quarter of an hour to go for a walk. "Child" added another fifteen minutes. A small fenced-off courtyard was somewhere near the sawmill. Wood dust flew. Day after day the same thing. The son was a lively, active boy. It was terrible that he would fall from the bunk onto the stone floor. I carried him in my arms and searched in my memory for some lullaby. None suited our fate. And then she composed her own, prison lullaby: "My boy, do not believe in the betrayal of Your father ..." Women still constantly waited for them to be released. Too ridiculous, it was not clear what happened. But they were sent not to their homes, as they vividly hoped, but to forced labor camps in Mordovia. Two weeks of quarantine, and now the children are already in the camp nursery. They sent me: to work as a sawyer in the zone. It was necessary to provide firewood for all utility points: a kitchen, a bathhouse, a laundry ... The sawyer's working day was not standardized, I could take Mitya in free time walk with him. His first steps, his first words were in the camp. But in the nursery, an epidemic of toxic dyspepsia began. Mitya also fell ill. I saw with horror how he was weakening, becoming lethargic. indifferent and sometimes only groans. I asked the civilian head of the medical unit, Boltyanskaya, to let me into the nursery to take care of the child. The refusal was resolute: “We have a good care, sisters from your own prisoners: A few more days passed, I didn’t go to work, I sat hopelessly or lay on the bunk. Boltyanskaya came in the evening: “Are you organizing a demonstration, a hunger strike? We'll put them in a punishment cell!..." But nevertheless, she gave permission, and they let me into the nursery. Several times they did a transfusion of blood taken from me for Mitya. Some more children fell ill. Mothers were also allowed to see them. "What winds are blowing over these mounds almost hidden in the grass? My child began to eat a little, get better, come to life. Now I could no longer expose the boy's life to chance. Some mothers filed applications with a request to send their children to their relatives. And I received permission. Soon after Mitya his grandmother arrived - Larisa Dmitrievna, the second wife of Kataev Sr., Ivan's father, and already took her second grandson to Kuibyshev. formed in my head without paper, without ink. We didn’t have them. It was a cold weekend evening. We sat in the barracks, doing needlework. Someone asked me: “Do not hide, read to us!” I read, keenly feeling the similarity of our fate... Difficult camp months dragged on. War! She seized us with a feeling of anxiety: many brothers and sisters were at the fronts. There were no parcels, every day it was more difficult, but we did not grumble. It was necessary to sew a lot for the army. Around - the mighty Mordovian forests, there was enough firewood, but in winter the plank walls warmed poorly. Everything was more terrible, more hungry, more hopeless to exist. I won't write about it anymore. One day we woke up from a noise, from jubilant cries. They ran out of the barracks. The word "victory" sounded in the blue dawn and merged into one unstoppable exclamation. We are building, as we are used to at demonstrations, we went between the barracks with the song "The boundless world is flooded with tears." The experienced commandant and guards tried to disperse us into the barracks, but we did not seem to notice them. My release came in September. At the central camp, I learned that I was not allowed to live in most big cities. My relatives in 1942 moved from Kuibyshev to Magnitogorsk. Near this city, I saw the name "Station Burannaya". "This is my destiny," I decided. The train, the people, the tightness and the crush - everything seemed to me light and joyful. I left in Magnitogorsk. My appearance in the apartment of Ivan Matveyevich Kataev, Professor of Magnitogorsk Pedagogical Institute, my father Ivan, was a shock for everyone - for Ivan Matveevich, and for Larisa Dmitrievna, and for my children. Yura was already 16 years old, Mitya - 7. After a little search for work in the suburbs of Magnitogorsk, I became a teacher at the elementary school of the Buranny state farm. Every week she went to her own, dangling in the back of a hitchhike or on the steps of crowded trains, clinging to the handrails. In my sons, I recognized the character traits that I valued in their father and in people in general: kindness, love for nature, for beauty, which cannot be killed in life. A couple of years later she was able to move to Magnitogorsk. I worked at a vocational school, where it was very difficult, but interesting. In the city of great labor, there was also a place for me, the "outcast". For ten years of my life in Magnitogorsk, I taught Russian and literature at the metallurgical technical school, in the correspondence high school, read literary lectures around town. In the workshops of the plant, in clubs and red corners, in libraries - everywhere the lectures were held with success. Maybe because they contained a lot of poetry and even prose, which I easily memorized. Past the platforms with flaming metal, along the access roads, I climbed onto the overpasses and from above I saw the grandiose scope of the entire plant in smoke and puffs of steam ... In 1946, Ivan's father, a wonderful man, a historian, died. He left for Moscow, the eldest son entered Moscow State University. It was not easy for the "son of the enemy of the people." But our sail, pierced by storms, was picked up by the fair wind of the 20th Congress. It was difficult to part with Magnitogorsk, where interesting job, friends, relatives and good people. But I rushed to Moscow in search of justice. It was not so easy to get rehabilitation, the case was reviewed for a long time. I have three references from this time: about the rehabilitation of Ivan Kataev, about my own rehabilitation. The third one appeared later that Ivan Kataev allegedly died in 1939. In fact, he was shot on August 19, 1937. Now it was necessary to bring his books back to life. I found some of them in the secret section of "Leninka", something survived from acquaintances and friends, from those few who did not heroically burn them, did not throw them away. And I had to think about housing. Previously, when I came to Moscow from Magnitogorsk during the holidays, I lived with relatives and friends, never stopping anywhere so as not to attract the attention of the police and often unkind neighbors.
Director of Goslitizdat Kotov greeted me in a friendly manner, recalled an epigram, I think, by A. Bezymensky: "Kataev wrote a good novel, but not Valentin, but Ivan." With the wind of renewal, Ivan Kataev's book was included in the next year's plan. They signed a contract with me for it. The Favorites came out in 1957, unusually quickly, and it was a big win. It was followed later by the collections "Under Pure Stars", "Heart", "Bread and Thought" (Lenizdat). In 1970 I managed to collect "Memories of Ivan Kataev". But I return to the first years after my arrival in Moscow. Moscow, my good hope ... I am grateful to fate that I had time to see, to be with people who are infinitely close. Met sisters and their children. But after all, my relatives also passed for these hard years path. And new losses came. My older brother Volodya fell and died immediately of a heart attack in the factory yard on his way to work. Years of imprisonment in the camps of the Komi ASSR undermined his strength. In the assembly hall of the factory club - a coffin in flowers, around a silent crowd of workers and two women in black - a wife and daughter. Another departure from a terrible disenfranchised life.
My older sister Ksenya died, also on the go, also from a heart attack ... "How crowded in my soul from those who have gone forever," - even then these lines formed. Strangers lived in our green house in the village of All Saints: my father died in the thirties, my mother died in Tashkent in the evacuation. The sisters left this house, settling in Moscow closer to work. But with me was Faina Shkolnikova, my friend from a young age. She was friends with many of the "Pass" - with Kataev, Zarudin, Huber. For this, with the wording "for failure to report," she served five years in the camp and now worked on the outskirts of Moscow at a textile factory. In previous years, she was the editorial manager of the magazine " Foreign literature"Faina invited me to her ten-meter room. But a policeman came to visit us, demanding a residence permit, and the room was small for this. And then the writer Vasily Grossman, a man close to our former circle, suggested that I settle on Basmannaya Street - in a six room with a window on the white wall of a neighboring house, next to the kitchen of a large communal apartment. The owner of this valuable room had a "booking" for it, since he worked in the North. Gas burners hummed behind the door, you could hear evil voices smelled of something burnt. And I, satisfied with the fact that there is a table and a table lamp, read from the typewriter. I have collected everything I can from literary heritage Ivan Kataev - something that was not included in the "Favorites". Two typists threw me material for reading, and at the same time I wrote poetry. Of course, I applied to the Writers' Union, to which in 1937 - 38. our cooperative apartment in Lavrushinsky Lane, where we never entered ... There were promises, but ... I somehow even sent a "Variant application" in verse: wandering around the layout According to different acquaintances. I'll wander, sadly I'll sit Somewhere on a pedestal. And for fifteen hours in a row I contemplate the flowerbed... Is it long to wander the world Among thunderstorms and downpours? But the Union, having taken the apartment, Was quicker ... I lived for a year in a dim, "gas" room on Basmannaya. She helped me a lot in my life. Then, through the Union of Writers, they nevertheless gave me a room in a new house on Lomonosovsky Prospekt; 20-meter room, in a communal apartment. Now I could return to my poetry. She prepared a book of poems "Test" for the publishing house "Soviet Writer", which was published in 1965. The foreword was written by my old friend poet Mikhail Svetlov. Later, two more books of my poems were published. I guess, that early years life, time high hopes, enthusiastic work, communication with the best people in life and literature gave me the strength to endure the inevitable terrible that fell upon the whole country, on me, on our family, on such a pure, beautiful person What was Ivan Kataev. Everything I experienced gave me an understanding of the depth and strength human soul- the most fragile and most resistant material on Earth.

The scientific activity of Kataev M. Yu. is mainly related to the study gas composition atmosphere by various optical instruments, such as ground, air or space-based. This work is necessary for the purposes of monitoring the environmental situation, studying the physics of the atmosphere, controlling technological production, and studying the problems of climate warming. Some tasks in this area are related to the processing of various types of one-dimensional or multidimensional signals. For the two-dimensional case (images), in recent years, a scientific direction has arisen related to the assessment of human motor activity (how the head, eyes, hands, body as a whole move).

The application of this approach finds in various fields: medicine, sports, automotive industry. The developed mathematical approaches, in solving the above tasks, have also found application in the economic problem associated with the use of a process-oriented approach (based on business processes) in enterprise management. This is a new and promising direction. All tasks that are solved in the indicated areas of science and practice are associated with the development of software, mathematical approaches, and algorithms of various levels.

List of works of Kataev M. Yu.:

1. Kataev M.Yu., Boychenko I.V. Software and methodological support for problems of lidar sounding of the atmosphere. - Tomsk: STT publishing house, 2009. - 236 p.
2. Kataev M.Yu., Rybalov B.A. Automated development, information support and registration of software products. Computational experiment. - V-Spectrum, Tomsk, 2007. - 130 p.
3. Kataev M.Yu. Object-Oriented Programming: Laboratory Workshop. - Tomsk, TMTsDO, 2006. -68 p.
4. Kataev M.Yu. High-level methods of informatics and programming. Tutorial. - Tomsk, TMTsDO, 2006. - 144 p.
5. Kataev M.Yu. High-level methods of informatics and programming. educational Toolkit. - Tomsk, TMTsDO, 2006. - 39 p.
6. Kataev M.Yu., Tkachenko D.V. Special course 1: Visual programming. Tutorial. - Tomsk, TMTsDO, 2006. - 98 p.
7. Kataev M.Yu., Tkachenko D.V. Special course 1: Visual programming: laboratory practice. - Tomsk, TMTsDO, 2006. - 44 p.
8. Kataev M.Yu., Sukhanov A.Ya. Visual programming in Delphi. - Tomsk, TUSUR, 2006. - 176 p.
9. Kataev M.Yu. Guidelines for the implementation term papers in the discipline High-level methods of informatics and programming. - Tomsk, TUSUR, 2006. - 37 p.
10. Kataev M.Yu., Ifutin Yu.B., Emelianenko A.A., Emelianenko V.A. Process-oriented approach to enterprise management. – News of TPU. - 2008, Vol. 313, No. 6. - P.20-23.
11. Kataev M.Yu., Nikitin A.V., Boychenko I.V., Mikhailenko S.N., Sukhanov A.Ya. Influence of the spectroscopic error on the solution of the problem of reconstructing the methane concentration. - Optics of the Atmosphere and Ocean, 2008, No. 1. - pp.13-18.
12. Kataev M.Yu., Klimenko D.N. Software package building 3D models from D3M photographs. – Certificate of industry registration and development No. 11353 (85249965.00001-01), Industry fund of algorithms and programs, 08/27/2008.
13. Kataev M.Yu., Lonchin A.V., Chugunov A.G., Penin S.T. Software data processing of a passive aircraft radiometer. - Devices and Automation, 2009, No. 3. - P.36-40.
14. Dolzhenko S.A., Kataev M.Yu. Expert system for analysis of aircraft failures and malfunctions. - Information systems: works of a permanent scientific and technical. Seminar / Vol. state University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Dep. problems of informatization Vol. scientific center of the SB RAS; under. ed. prof. A.M. Korikov. - Issue. 5. - Tomsk: Tom. state University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 2008. – pp.114–121.
15. Kataev M.Yu., A.I. Petrov Lidar sensing data storage in a distributed information system. - TUSUR reports.
16. Kataev M.Yu., Nikitin A.V., Boychenko I.V., Mikhailenko S.N., Sukhanov A.Ya. Influence of the spectroscopic error on the solution of the problem of reconstructing the methane concentration. - Optics of the Atmosphere and Ocean, 2008, No. 1. - pp. 13-18.

The educational process of Kataeva M. Yu. is associated with all types of this activity: full-time, part-time, distant and optional. Reading lectures, holding seminars and laboratory. Lectures are given for all specialties at the department in program and mathematical disciplines:

1. Object Oriented Programming,
2. High-level methods of computer science and programming,
3. visual programming,
4. Processing of experimental data on a computer,
5. parallel programming,
6. artificial neural networks,
7. Educational research work.

Kataev M. Yu. is a corresponding member of the SAN Higher School of Medicine.

historian 1900

• - Kataev Valentin Petrovich, writer, Hero of Socialist Labor. Brother E.P. Petrov. From 1922 he lived in Moscow. Since 1923, a permanent contributor to the newspapers Gudok, Pravda, Trud, Rabochaya Gazeta...

  Moscow (encyclopedia)

• - KATAEV Valentin Petrovich - contemporary writer. R. in Odessa in the family of a teacher. He was published in Odessa Leaflet, in the magazines Ves Mir, Awakening, Lukomorye ...

  Literary Encyclopedia

• - KATAEV Ivan is a modern writer. R. in the family of a professor. He began to print in 1921 ...

  Literary Encyclopedia

• - KATAEV Valentin Petrovich, Russian. owls. writer. In 1936 he wrote a story for youth "The Lonely Sail Turns White"...

  Lermontov Encyclopedia

• - auth. Awakening story...
• - Historian...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• - Historian 1900...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• is a contemporary writer. Genus. in the professor's family. He began publishing in 1921. In the first years of his literary activity, Kataev wrote poetry, but recently he has switched to prose. Member of the CPSU...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• - historian of local peasants. institution, business zemst...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• - auth. "Essay on the history of Russian church sermons", priest ...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• - auth. book. "On the question of the theory of social development" ...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• - auth. collection rassk. and dram. prod. "Russian intellectuals" ...

  Big biographical encyclopedia

• - I Kataev Valentin Petrovich, Russian Soviet writer. Member of the CPSU since 1958. Born in the family of a teacher. Brother of the writer E. P. Petrov. Started printing in 1910...
• - Russian Soviet writer. Member of the CPSU since 1958. Born in the family of a teacher. Brother of the writer E. P. Petrov. He began to publish in 1910. In 1915‒17 he was at the front...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - Russian writer, Hero of Socialist Labor. Brother of E. P. Petrov. In the plays of the 20s. - the fight against philistinism. The novel "Time, forward!" dedicated to socialist construction...

  Big encyclopedic Dictionary

• - Zharg. corner. Jottle-iron. Jail. Grachev 1997, 65; SRVS 1, 120; SRVS 2, 172; SRVS 3, 86...

  Big Dictionary Russian sayings

"Kataev, I.M." in books

Kataev-75

From the book Foremen of the Spirit author Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich

Kataev-75 Here he is swaying half-turned towards you - in his sovereign chair, in a gray-black large-knit jacket, as in heavy chain mail, and even in a chasuble, his bangs are shifted to his forehead - this is how the dangerous cap-small visor was shifted from the back of the head from the back of the head inhabitants of post-war backyards.

KATAEV VALENTIN

From the book How idols left. Last days and clocks of people's favorites the author Razzakov Fedor

KATAEV VALENTIN KATAEV VALENTIN (writer: “The lonely sail turns white”, “Grass of oblivion”, etc.; died on April 12, 1986 at the 90th year of his life). Despite old age, Kataev was a healthy person. And he could live up to a hundred years. But he was finished off by the repair, which the builders

KATAEV Valentin

From the book The Shining of Unfading Stars the author Razzakov Fedor

KATAEV Valentin KATAEV Valentin (writer: “Time, forward!” (1932), “The lonely sail turns white” (1936–1961), “Son of the regiment” (1945), “Small iron door in the wall” (1964), “Holy well "(1966)," Grass of Oblivion "(1967)," My Diamond Crown "(1978) and others; died on April 12, 1986 at the 90th year

V. Kataev Meetings with Bulgakov

From the book Memories of Mikhail Bulgakov author Bulgakova Elena Sergeevna

V. Kataev Meetings with Bulgakov Bulgakov was amazing writer. And I, who happened to meet him almost daily in the earliest years of our creative life, in the first years of Soviet power, when we worked at Gudok, he never ceased to be amazed at the brilliant

Kataev and the Beatles

From the book Queen of White Elephants author Burkin Yuly Sergeevich

Kataev and the Beatles I went to Sverdlovsk to receive a copy of the Queen of the White Elephants CD. It turned out that the weather was my favorite: a little sun, a little coolness, cloudy but light. I got to the factory, called the front desk, they told me that the disk was ready and already

VALENTIN KATAEV

From the author's book

VALENTIN KATAEV Irakli Andronikov is a unique phenomenon. Never before has Russian culture and Russian art did not create anything like this. Andronikov is a literary critic, a connoisseur of Russian classics, a researcher of the life and work of Lermontov, Pushkin. In this area he did

Kataev Gennady Nikolaevich

From the book I fought in Afghanistan. A front without a front line author Severin Maxim Sergeevich

Kataev Gennady Nikolaevich I served in Alma-Ata, and one fine day we learned that four people were needed along with generator machines that supplied power to the radio stations. So they decided to send me and three other guys along with the equipment to Afghanistan. The bosses don't

Ivan Kataev

From the book Life will go out, but I will stay: Collected works author Glinka Gleb Alexandrovich

Ivan Kataev “We ​​are fighting for future generations, they are destined to take advantage of the fruits of our struggle. And we must fearlessly sacrifice ourselves. Both you and I are only lambs to be slaughtered, and there is nothing for us to achieve from life for ourselves something bright. It just gets in the way

Valentin Kataev

From the book "Catch pigeon mail ...". Letters (1940–1990) author Aksenov Vasily From the book Big Dictionary of Quotations and popular expressions author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

KATAEV, Valentin Petrovich (1897–1986), writer 113 Want, want, endure. “The Lonely Sail Is Whitening”, a story (1936), ch. 7? Kataev V.P. Sobr. op. in 10 volumes - M., 1984, v. 4, p. 39 114 - How do you live, carp? / – Wow, merci. "Radio Giraffe" (1926)? Dep. ed. - M., 1927, p. 6 Repeated in

KATAEV VALENTIN PETROVICH

From the book Dictionary of Aphorisms of Russian Writers author Tikhonov Alexander Nikolaevich

KATAEV VALENTIN PETROVICH Valentin Petrovich Kataev (1897-1986). Russian writer, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate State Prize THE USSR. Author of the novels "Waves of the Black Sea", "Ehrendorf Island", "Lord of Iron", "Time, forward", "Youthful novel of my old

Poet Valentin Kataev

From the book Kukish proshlyakam author Kruchenykh Alexey Eliseevich