3 most common Russian surnames. So, the list of surnames compiled by Russian geneticists

Scroll popular titles kind is endless, because, how many people, so many opinions. Each person will point to beautiful surnames that he personally likes. But, according to the majority, the most popular are the aristocratic designations of family names. Let's see which surnames are more common and respected, and where they came from.

List of the most beautiful Russian surnames in the world

The word "surname" is translated from Latin, how is the family". This means that this indicates that a person belongs to the genus from which he originated. The emergence of family nicknames was often associated with the profession that the family was engaged in from generation to generation, or with the name of the area in which the family lived, or the family name indicated character traits, specific appearance, nickname. No wonder there is a saying “not in the eyebrow, but in the eye” - people have always hung labels very accurately.

In Russia, at first there was only a first name and patronymic, and the first surnames appeared only in the 14th century. Naturally, noble people received them: princes, boyars, nobles. The peasants received official family names only at the end of the 19th century, when they canceled serfdom. The first names of dynasties came from the names of places of residence, birth or possessions: Tver, Arkhangelsk, Zvenigorod, Moskvin.

1. Sobolev
2. Morozov
3. Gromov
4. Diamonds
5. Derzhavin
6. Bogatyrev
7. Mayorov
8. Admirals
9. Lyubimov
10. Vorontsov

List of the most beautiful surnames for girls:

1. Resurrection
2. Lebedev
3. Alexandrova
4. Serebryanskaya
5. Korolkova
6. Vinogradova
7. Talnikova
8. Generous
9. Zolotareva
10. Tsvetaeva

A selection of the most beautiful foreign surnames

Foreigners believe that a beautiful surname helps the family, brings good luck and happiness. But, it’s true, a person with or a family nickname has been teased by peers since childhood, and later he grows up insecure with a whole baggage of complexes. So it turns out that family name brought failure. For people with a beautiful ancestral heritage, things are different. They know from childhood that they can do everything in this world, so they walk with their heads held high.

Each country has its own beautiful surnames, which are unusual for the Russian ear. But the origin of family designations is the same all over the world. Someone took the name of their city, and someone took the nickname of the founder of the family, the occupation of the family, belonging to the status. Among foreign surnames also often you can find the names of plants, birds, animals. If a Russian person chooses foreign name, then, as a rule, does not delve into its meaning, but makes a choice according to euphony.

For example, Spaniards have beautiful surnames - not uncommon. The most common are:

• Rodriguez
• Fernandez
• Gonzalez
• Perez
• Martinez
• Sanchez

Russian girls often choose generic names Spanish origin:

• Alvarez
• Torres
• Romero
• Flores
• Castillo
• Garcia
• Pascual

French surnames

All variants of French surnames are endowed with special beauty and charm. This language is very different from other European counterparts. If it is always pronounced correctly, then French is pronounced differently. For example, the popular Le Pen may sound like "Le Pen", "Le Pen", "De Le Pen". First French names families were granted to the highest circle of nobility in the 11th century. And only in the 16th century, by royal decree, was it ordered to give every citizen of France a hereditary nickname.

Since then french surnames from generation to generation are included in the church metrics. The most beautiful family nicknames in France come from proper names, from the occupation of the clan or from the geographical names in which the family was born. French male family names are widespread:

• Robert
• Richard
• Bernard
• Duran
• Lefebvre

Women's generic names are not much different from men's. French history she ordered that there are no differences and other endings, as in Russian, between surnames, therefore beautiful generic names of women also bear a proper name, for example:

• Leroy
• Bonn
• Francois

German

The generic names of Germany arose in the same way as in other countries: first they were received by the nobility, then by the feudal lords and small landowners, and then by the lower strata of the population. The whole process of forming hereditary nicknames took about 8 centuries, and the first surnames appeared on the basis of proper names. Vivid examples are German male generic nicknames:

1. Werner
2. Hermann
3. Jacobi
4. Peters

Beautiful family designations in Germany appeared from the names of rivers, mountains and other words associated with nature: Bern, Vogelweid. But the most popular generic names came from the occupations of their ancestors. For example, Muller in translation means "miller", and Schmidt - "blacksmith". Rare ones sound beautiful: Wagner, Zimmerman. Women in Germany, as a rule, leave their mother's surname, and the most beautiful are:

1. Lehmann
2. Mayer
3. Peters
4. Fisher
5. Weiss

American

Beautiful American generic names compare favorably with other foreign ones - they are very consonant, and the owners wear them with pride. If surnames are not inherited, then any citizen of the United States can change his family name to a more harmonious one. So, 10 most beautiful surnames american men:

1. Robinson
2. Harris
3. Evans
4. Gilmour
5. Florence
6. Stone
7. Lambert
8. Newman

As for American women, as in the rest of the world, they take their father's family name at birth, and their husband's at marriage. Even if a girl wants to leave her family name, after marriage she will have double surname, for example, Maria Goldman Mrs. Roberts (by her husband). Beautiful generic names for American women:

1. Bellows
2. Houston
3. Taylor
4. Davis
5. Foster

Video: the most common surnames in the world

The most common surnames in the world seem beautiful, because their carriers are popular people, which means they are happy. For example, there are about one hundred million people on the planet who have the family name Lee. In second place in polarity is the surname Wang (about 93 million people). In third place is the family name Garcia, common in South America(about 10 million people).

Few people wonder what is the most common generic nickname in the world or in a single country? Such information is also useful and interesting to know. Some nicknames are rare, and some, on the contrary, are owned by several million people. In this article, you will learn about the most numerous carriers of generic names around the world and several individual countries.

The most common surname in Russia

According to the studies of various scientists who came to one end result, the most popular surname in Russia belongs to the Smirnovs. The origin of this generic name goes back to the time of the peasants. Quiet, calm, quiet children were called meek. Since then, the middle name has taken root, gained a lot various forms(Smirnitsky, Smirenko, etc.) and became the most popular in Russia. famous surnames domestic citizens: Ivanovs, Petrovs, Sidorovs, Popovs, Kuznetsovs, Sokolovs.

Popular surnames in VK

In this social network what female or male nicknames you just will not meet. Someone provides authentic data about themselves, and someone invents for themselves beautiful second names (usually girls). Such a phenomenon can be found on the pages of young ladies, because who wants unfamiliar young people visiting the resource to see Durakova or Kisloukhova on the monitor screen? There is only one way out - to create an unusual, original pseudonym for yourself. By the way, everything is standard with the guys - the most common middle name is Ivanov. Which popular surnames Vkontakte for girls can be found:

• generous;
• Christmas;
• Motherland;
• Armand;
• Vorontsov;
• Romanov and others.

In the world

Most a large number of identical middle names that can be found all over the world belongs to the Chinese - Li (more than 100 million people). Representatives of this eastern country occupy three leading places in the ranking of family nicknames on the planet (also Zhang and Wang). This trend can be traced because there are about five hundred variations of middle names in China, and a population of one billion three hundred thousand people. in plain language There are many people and few options. Interesting information: The most popular surname in the world (Li) means strength in Chinese.

English surnames

Second names in England were given depending on the profession of a person, place of residence. In the first place is the generic nickname Smith, which was formed from the Yiddish meaning of the blacksmith profession. The second place is occupied by Jones, which literally means the son of John, and the third - Williams - from the name of William. Other common English surnames:

• Thomas;
• Davis;
• Brown;
• Taylor;
• Evans;
• Johnson.

Popular American Surnames

The US state was formed relatively recently, if we draw parallels with the whole world, however, even there there is a kind of rating of namesakes. Almost all family names are English origin. Some popular surnames in America, which are often found even among popular people and celebrities:

• Johnson;
• Brown;
• Davis;
• Miller;
• Anderson;
• Taylor;
• Jackson and others

Russians

In addition to the Ivanovs, Smirnovs, Petrovs and Sidorovs, other popular Russian generic names are often found. Some common Russian surnames originated from professional activity ancestors - Kuznetsov, Goncharov, Bondarchuk. Geographical names, objects on the territory where people lived - another source of inspiration for those who assigned middle names: Moskvin, Ozerov, Luzhkov. Often the source was "bird" or "animal" surnames, for example:

• Sokolov,
• Lebedev,
• Solovyov,
• Sorokin,
• Medvedev,
• Kozlov;
• Bykov.

German

In Germany, middle names began to be used at the end of the 18th century, and their origin is similar to the stories of the origin of such a process in other European countries. The most common German surnames taken, as a rule, from the names of professions:

• Müller is a miller;
• Fisher is a fisherman;
• Schmidt is a forge worker;
• Schneider - tailor;
• Bauer is a peasant;
• Weber is a weaver, etc.

Jewish

Jewish middle names appeared at the same time as in Russian Empire, thanks to the adoption of the relevant law. In those days, two titles were common among Jewish clergy: Levi and Cohen. From them the most popular Jewish surnames, overgrown with time in numerous forms. As in other countries, it has become widespread to give names according to the place of residence, the name of animals, features of appearance or professions:

• Preiger (tailor);
• Shuster (shoemaker);
• Glazier (glazier);
• Kleiner (small);
• Stiller (quiet), etc.

In France

Second names in France appeared with the royal decree of 1539, according to which each clan must have its own name, be inherited, be recorded in state bodies / church documentation. Some of the most popular: Bertrand, Thomas, Robert, Dubois. For the most part, generic nicknames were formed from proper names, professional occupations to whom the ancestors were devoted. What is the most common surname in France? According to scientists, this is the name of the genus Martin, which has about 250 thousand people.

Ukrainian

Most famous surnames Ukrainians end in "ko" - Shevchenko, Pisarenko, Goncharenko, Skripko. A few more forms of endings: -la / -lo (Pritula, Minyaylo); -ba/-yes (Dziuba, Hunger); -uk / -yuk (Bondarchuk, Vasyuk), -y (Khmelnitsky) and so on. It was customary to distribute nicknames among the people, as in other European countries, tsarist Russia– Derived from professions, locations of derived names. Many "callings" came from the Cossacks (sharp, sometimes offensive) - Krivoruchko, Tyagnibok, Neizhsalo.

Some common Ukrainian surnames from the list of the top ten:

• Shevchenko;
• Boyko;
• Miller;
• Kovalenko;
• Bondarenko;
• Tkachenko.

Polish

The recognizable “nazvysko” (this is how the pans and ladies call the generic nickname) in Poland ends in -sky, which is typical for many Slavic peoples, but was very common in this European country. An example can be seen on famous people: Kovalsky, Tsiolkovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Brzezinsky. Modern middle names have a slightly modified form, in which the last letter “y” may be missing - Zyulkowski, Sarktowski, etc. Some Popular Polish surnames from the top ten:

• Novak;
• Wuychik;
• Kowalski;
• Vishnevsky;
• Lewandowski;
• Kaminsky and others.

As one said famous character Soviet cartoon Captain Vrungel: "Whatever you call a ship, so it will sail." Indeed, do middle names affect whether a person becomes famous or not? It doesn’t matter what territory, place on the map people lived or will live in, because in a few generations anyone can acquire a foreign nickname due to moving, marriage or for other reasons. Girls and boys, having Russian, German or English roots, thanks to their ancestors, become French, Poles or Ukrainians.

Video

The history of the origin of surnames in Russia is similar to European states. The period of formation of surnames fell on the 15th-18th centuries. Like other peoples, the first owners of surnames in Rus' were representatives of the wealthy classes, and a little later this privilege also affected the peasants.

Names, nicknames, professions and geographical names became the main source of the meaning of surnames. Each Russian surname consists of a mandatory semantic basis, supplemented by endings, suffixes and prefixes. Lexical meaning bases shows the source of its origin. So, for example, the surname Plotnikov will be formed from the profession of a carpenter. It was this specialty that the ancestor of the owner of the surname had.

Additions in the form of endings, suffixes and prefixes are optional when forming a surname. A significant number of Russian surnames have suffixes. Most often, surnames answer the question "whose?". For example, Andreev, Kuzmin, Fedorov.

If we analyze the formation of Russian surnames from a grammatical point of view, then we can see that the suffix "ov" is added to the stem if the nickname or name from which it is formed ends with a solid consonant. For example, Ignat - Ignatov, Peter - Petrov, Ivan - Ivanov. If the base of the source has a soft consonant, then the suffix "ev" is added. For example, Savely - Savelyev, Yuri - Yuriev. If the source ends with the vowel "a" or "ya", then the surname is formed using the suffix "in". For example, Foma - Fomin, Yerema - Eremin, Beard - Borodin, Fish - Rybin. In addition, some Russian surnames are characterized by suffixes and endings "sky", "skoy", "yn", "tsky", "tskoy". For example, Spitsyn, Trubetskoy, Resurrection. Even less often you can find surnames in which there are suffixes "oh". Such as Cheremnykh, Belykh.

Smirnov is considered the most common among Russian surnames. given surname worn by over 2.5 million people worldwide. Total There are more than 200 thousand surnames in the Russian language.

In relation to world culture in Russia, such an element of naming as a surname was established rather late. It is worth noting that many of them take their origin from nicknames, names or patronymics. Residents of Veliky Novgorod were the first to use surnames. They adopted this custom from the Lithuanian principality. After some time, Moscow princes and boyars received surnames.

According to statistics, Russian surnames most often originate from personal names. There are also groups of surnames that were formed on the basis of the names of various settlements, church holidays and the names of saints. For example, Rozhdestvensky, Pokrovsky, Belozersky, Ilyinsky. Such surnames are historical relationship with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Many Russian surnames come from the name of the grandfather. It was with the help of dedicism that the hereditary name of a certain kind was fixed. So the roots of each family became clear. If the grandfather had a different birth and baptismal name, then the surname was usually formed from the one that was in use.

According to the name of the grandfather, many surnames for the inhabitants were recorded Central Asia and Transcaucasia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

In the Russian clergy, surnames were usually given according to the name of the parish. Some of them were specially created in the seminary. In this case, a literal translation from Latin or Greek could be used.

Russian surnames at different times

As already noted, in various strata of society, surnames were acquired in different time. According to the Novgorod chronicles, the first names of nicknames have already been noted since 1240 during the census of fallen soldiers at the Battle of the Neva. Already in the 13-15 centuries, surnames as generic names were assigned to boyars and princes. At the same time, the princes were given surnames according to the name of their inheritance. If the prince lost his inheritance, then the surname was preserved for him. Much fewer last names princes comes from their nicknames.

Some boyars and princely surnames have in their origins the names of their ancestors. This can be clearly seen in the history of the surnames of the Romanov family.

At the end of the 15th century, the first surnames came into use, having foreign origin. At first these were the surnames of Greek and Polish-Lithuanian immigrants, then surnames of Western origin began to appear. Concerning Tatar surnames, then they did not always refer to the owner with oriental roots. At that time, Tatar nicknames were very popular in Rus'.

During this period of time, the peasants in Russia were subjected to mass enslavement. The role of surnames for them then was played by patronymics, nicknames or the name of the owner. In the former Novgorod possessions of northern Russia, serfdom was not widespread. Peasants had the right to have real surnames.

Representatives of the Cossacks, a significant part of the people of the Belarusian lands, state peasants and the population of the black earth provinces also had surnames.

Under Peter I, the documents necessary for the police registration of citizens were introduced. The passport contained information about the name, nickname or surname, place of residence, occupation, information about family members and parents, as well as information about the place of destination. At the end of the 17th century, the king issued a decree on the need to draw up a common armorial noble families. In this document, there were about 3 thousand family names and coats of arms of the nobles.

In the 18-19 centuries, surnames of both merchants and servants began to appear. At first, only eminent merchants became owners of surnames.

In the 15th and 16th centuries there were not many such people. Almost all of them were of Northern Russian origin. For example, the merchants Kalinnikovs or Stroganovs. One can also recall Kuzma Minin, who, despite the fact that he had nothing to do with the nobility, had personal surname already in the 16th century.

In the central part of Russia, surnames were quite rare until the 19th century. Despite this history known exceptions. For example, famous Ivan Susanin. The mass distribution of surnames among the peasants was not necessary. A significant part of the peasants of Central Russia received surnames only after 1861, when serfdom was abolished.

Most Russian surnames are based on family nicknames that one or another family member had. Some family nicknames had their own history and were passed down through generations. So, with the need to obtain a surname, many of the peasants of Central Russia legalized the existing nickname.

The first census, conducted in 1897, showed that more than half of the population in the country did not have their own surname. Finally, the issue of surnames was resolved only in the thirties of the last century, when there was a general passportization.

Worth noting education female surnames. Most of them differ from the masculine ending "a". Some male surnames, which end in "oy", "oy" and "oy", decline and form female form with an "ay" ending. For other surnames of non-Slavic origin, the form female matches the male version.

In Russia, women, when they get married, most often take the surname of their spouse. This tradition is not an obligation. Since 1918, a woman has the right to leave after marriage her maiden name. In addition, you can take a double surname, which will be written with a hyphen. Children are usually given the father's last name.

Here is a list of the 100 most popular Russian surnames. It should be noted that for this rating, data collected several decades ago were used. But it's even better, because. there is no point in trusting the results of the modern population census at all.

First, the top 10 popularity leaders. These 10 surnames, according to researchers, in 1970-1980 were worn by about 50% of the rural population of Russia, and about 30% of the urban population of our country.

1. Ivanov. This surname is the undisputed leader of our rating. It is not difficult to guess that its origin is directly related to the most popular Russian name Ivan, so the first place on our list is beyond doubt. A folk joke is known, confirming the wide distribution of this name: “In Rus', Ivanov is like filthy mushrooms.”

2. Kuznetsov. The origin of the surname is connected with the most common and most respected peasant profession. The blacksmith was in every village, was held in high esteem and, as a rule, had big family, the male part of which was provided with a profession and, as a result, with a livelihood. This can also explain the widespread use of this surname. The Kuznetsovs could well have taken first place in our ranking, if not for the influence of the linguistic cultures of neighboring fraternal states in the west and southwest of Russia. In the dialects of the southern and western regions of Russia, instead of a blacksmith, the word koval is present, which was the reason for the transformation of Kuznetsov into Kovalev.

3. Smirnov. There is no unambiguous opinion about the origin of the surname Smirnov. The most different versions, from nomadic wanderers-enlighteners, bringing culture to the people, introducing backward village peasants “with the new world”, to being tied to Old Slavonic name Smirnaya, characterizing a quiet and complaisant person. However, the most prosaic (and most likely) version is based on the naming of people “humble before God” by this surname. Recent statistical studies claim that in our time the surname Smirnov has bypassed the Ivanovs and Kuznetsovs in popularity and is the most common Russian surname.

4. Vasiliev. It is not difficult to guess that this surname is based on the very popular name Vasily in Rus'. IN Lately The popularity of the name Vasily continues to decline steadily, but the surname Vasilyev is firmly entrenched in the top 10.

5. Novikov. The prevalence of this surname is explained by the fact that in the old days every newcomer, stranger, newcomer was called Novik. This definition quickly became a permanent nickname and passed to descendants in the form of a surname.

6. Yakovlev. Another surname derived from the popular male name. The name Jacob is the secular counterpart of the church name Jacob. Since most of the surnames have just such a origin, based on the name of the head of the family, we can judge from them the distribution of certain names in Rus'.

7. Popov. Initially, the nickname "Popov" meant: "son of a priest" or "son of a priest." In addition, the same word was used to refer to a priest's worker, a laborer. In addition to this, in Rus' there was a proper name "Pop", which could also form the basis of this surname.

8. Fedorov. The basis of the name Fedorov was church name Fedor, very common in Rus' in the 16-17 centuries. The difficult-to-use letter F has not taken root in all areas of our vast country, therefore the name Hodor and the surname Khodorov have the same roots.

9. Kozlov. Before the introduction of Christianity in Rus', our ancestors were pagans and naming a child with a name representing the name of an animal or plant was a very common tradition. Since ancient times, the goat was considered a symbol vitality and fertility. The Scandinavians considered the goat the sacred animal of Thor. The goat was a favorite character of ancient Slavic pagan tales, especially positive character. However, with the advent of Christianity, the goat became a symbol of the devil, the damned, the sinner. At the same time, the expression "scapegoat" was born and a general negative attitude towards this proud animal began to form.

10. Morozov. Oddly enough, but Frost is also a very common secular (non-church) name in Rus'. Usually given to a child born during the harsh winter months. The image of Frost is the image of a hero, a blacksmith, who binds rivers and has unlimited power for several months a year. Parents wanted, naming the child with the name Frost, they wanted to convey to him precisely these qualities.

…and:

The most common surnames and their history of origin:

Kuznetsov Surname from the name of the father by occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary and everything famous person in the village, then naming on this basis was everywhere. Therefore, the surname Kuznetsov is one of the most frequent in Russia;
thousand Kuznetsovs lived in Moscow (yielding in number only to the Ivanovs, of which there are thousands. In some areas, the surname Kuznetsov ranked first in frequency (for example, in the volosts of the Kerensky and Chembarsky districts Penza province of the thousand Russians covered by the calculations, the Kuznetsovs) Across the country as a whole, the distribution of the surname Kuznetsov is somewhat limited by the use of Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word koval in the same meaning "blacksmith", therefore, surnames with this stem spread from the west and south-west. Other peoples also have very frequent surnames with a base meaning "blacksmith", for example, the most common english surname Smith, German Schmidt. (N) Kovalev is one of the most widespread Russians; surnames, although the words "koval" in Russian literary language No. In the south of Russia and Ukraine, a farrier is called a blacksmith. “If you don’t fart, don’t trash your hands” (that is, don’t get dirty) advises folk wisdom; don't take on a job you don't know. (F) Kovalenya. One of the suffixes forming Belarusian surnames-enya. Kowalski Polish or Ukrainian surname. Kovalikhin and Kuznechikhin, metronymic surnames, are formed from the name of a woman, the wife of a blacksmith. Kovalkov, Kovankov ruchified Ukrainian or Belarusian surnames.

2. Smirnov Smirnov is one of the most common Russian surnames. In Moscow alone there are seventy thousand Smirnovs. Why? In a large peasant family the quiet, unvoiced children were a great relief to the parents. This quality, rare for small children, was imprinted in the secular name Smirnaya, it often became the main name of a person for life (the church name was forgotten by those around him). The Smirnovs came from the Smirnys. (F) The most common Russian surname in a vast strip covering the entire Northern Volga region, most often in Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo regions and adjacent areas of neighboring regions, to the east this zone extends to Kirov region. As you move away from this zone, the frequency decreases. In Moscow, the surname Smirnov occupied the fifth place in thousands of people) By origin, it is a patronymic from the Russian non-church male name Smirnaya, i. "meek, quiet, obedient" Early examples another patronymic in the Vladimir tithe of the city "Ivan Smirnovo son of Samarin" "Stepan the meek son of Kuchuk" common noun changed the vowel and place of stress, and the surname retained an archaic form (similarly: thick Tolstoy thick) (N) The surnames Smirnin, Smirenkin from the ancient Slavic names Smirena, Smirenka. Smirensky, Smirnitsky seminary surnames from the same root.

3. Ivanov Patronymic from the common form Ivan from the canonical male personal name John. Ivanov is the most common surname of Russians, since the name for several centuries (from to the century remained the most common among Russians: among the peasantry it covered from to all men. In Moscow, thousands of Ivanovs (of which Ivan Ivanovichi) It is characteristic that in this territory the surname Ivanov is usually not very frequent, yielding to many others, but it is widespread everywhere and therefore in major centers and ranks first in the country as a whole. Its relative rarity in certain areas is due to the fact that the name was used in many different forms, patronymics from which became surnames. These forms are much more than a hundred, respectively, and surnames from patronymics formed from these forms are also numerous. (N) The most common male name in Rus', Ivan "Ivanov is like filthy mushrooms" joked the people) gave rise to dozens of derivative forms. I confidently add the surname Ivin to this list, since most of the Ivins are not from the name of the tree, but from Iva, an abbreviated form of the name Ivan. Ivsha is also one of the forms of this name. Itsko, Ishko diminutive forms name Ivan. Itzko is more peculiar Belarusian language and Smolensk dialects, Ishko Ukrainian language and South Russian dialects. Ishunya, Ishuta are ancient diminutive forms of the name Ivan. (F) In c. the surname was used with an accent on a. Now it is more often used with the stress on the last syllable. It is characteristic that some bearers of the surname insist on a form with an accent on a, which seems to them more noble than the usual one with an accent on the last syllable.

4. Popov Not all Popovs and Popkovs are descendants of priests. As a personal name, Pop (Popko) was quite common among lay people. Religious parents willingly called their children the names of Drank Popko. Example: landowner Popko (near Senka Pop, peasant Popko Efimov, peasant) thousand people. In Moscow, thousands of Popovs. Initially, priests meant: patronymic "son of a priest" patronymic "son of Pop" from the nickname Pop; from the documents of centuries, the peasant Senka Pop, Don Cossack Mikhailo Pop, etc. worker at the priest's priests worker. As an assumption of the spread of this surname in the north of Russia, one can assume the election of the clergy in these areas: up to c. priests were not appointed there, but the inhabitants themselves elected from among themselves. (H)

5. Sokolov The names of animals and birds are one of the main sources of nicknames and surnames derived from them. "Bird" surnames occupy positions in the first hundred Russian surnames. Sokolov is the most common among the "bird" and is in seventh position in the frequency list of all Russian surnames. (U) Sokolov. Patronymic from the Russian non-church male name Sokol. One of the ten most common Russian surnames. According to B. Unbegaun, in St. Petersburg in the city, she ranked seventh in frequency, and of all the surnames formed from non-canonical names, she was second only to Smirnov. The unusually high frequency of Russian surnames based on the names of birds was noted by a major foreign Slavist V.R. Kiparsky, proving in his articles that this was dictated by the cult of birds among the Russians. My calculations confirmed that Russian surnames are indeed associated with birds more often than with animals or, for example, fish. But this phenomenon cannot be explained by the cult of birds, since the surnames in the majority are more late origin centuries only a minority is older) and we can talk about the origin not of surnames, but of those names from which they are formed. However, in this case, the main reason is not in the cult of the bird, but in the huge economic and household role birds in the life of Russians: extensive industrial hunting, poultry farming in every family, grandiose falconry and much more (for more details, see Nikonov V.A. Name and society. M. (N) Falcon wife of Sokol. Surnames in -sky can be Ukrainian Polish origin. Perhaps from the geographical names Sokol, Sokolovo. Similarly Sokologorsky Falcon Mountain. Similarly Russian Sokoltsov
next in the rankings are:

6. Lebedev
7. Kozlov
8. Novikov
9. Morozov
10. Petrov
11. Volkov
12. Solovyov
13. Vasiliev
14. Zaitsev
15. Pavlov
16. Semenov
17. Golubev
18. Vinogradov
19. Bogdanov
20. Sparrows
21. Fedorov
22. Mikhailov
23. Belyaev
24. Tarasov
25. Belov
26. Mosquitoes
27. Orlov
28. Kiselev
29. Makarov
30. Andreev
31. Kovalev
32. Ilyin
33. Gusev
34. Titov
35. Kuzmin
36. Kudryavtsev
37. Baranov
38. Kulikov
39. Alekseev
40. Stepanov
41. Yakovlev
42. Sorokin
43. Sergeev
44. Romanov
45. Zakharov
46. ​​Borisov
47. Queens
48. Gerasimov
49. Ponomarev
50. Grigoriev
51. Lazarev
52. Medvedev (from Layola: remember the president of the Russian Federation)
53. Ershov
54. Nikitin
55. Sobolev
56. Ryabov
57. Polyakov
58. Flowers
59. Danilov
60. Zhukov
61. Frolov
62. Zhuravlev
63. Nikolaev
64. Krylov
65. Maksimov
66. Sidorov
67. Osipov
68. Belousov
69. Fedotov
70. Dorofeev
71. Egorov
72. Matveev
73. Bobrov
74. Dmitriev
75. Kalinin
76. Anisimov
77. Roosters
78. Antonov
79. Timofeev
80. Nikiforov
81. Veselov
82. Filippov
83. Markov
84. Bolshakov
85. Sukhanov
86. Mironov
87. Shiryaev
88. Alexandrov
89. Konovalov
90. Shestakov
91. Kazakov
92. Efimov
93. Denisov
94. Gromov
95. Fomin
96. Davydov
97. Melnikov
98. Shcherbakov
99. Blinov
100. Kolesnikov