Final control work. Art. 8th grade
Tests:
1. What is art?
A) part of the spiritual culture of mankind
B) historical style
B) folk art
2. What kind of art is music?
A) to plastic B) to temporary
C) to space
3. What is an artistic image?
B) the imagination of the artist
4. What is style in art?
A) the artistic attitude of the artist
B) a generalized idea of reality
C) handwriting, techniques, features
5. What is language in art?
A) ways to convey an artistic image
B) verbal expression of the image
C) an insignificant phenomenon for art
6. Did art exist in Ancient Greece out of touch with science?
A) yes B) no
7. What are the tasks of art and science?
A) different B) common
8. How many Muses did God Zeus have?
A) 3 B) 12 C) 9
9. In what era are all species artistic creativity combined into art?
A) Classicism B) Baroque C) Renaissance
10. Who was Leonardo da Vinci? A multifaceted personality...
A) painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, engineer, writer, anatomist
B) artist, architect, engineer, musician, doctor, anatomist, lawyer, scientist
11. What drawing by Leonardo da Vinci symbolizes internal symmetry, divine proportion human body?
A) Mona Lisa B) Vitruvian Man C) Mona Lisa
12. How did A.S. Pushkin call art?
A) "magic nugget"
B) "magic crystal"
C) "fantastic stone"
13. Who owns the words from the poem "... It’s not enough to hear here, here you need to listen carefully so that the soul of consonance is flooded together ... »
A) N. Rylenkov B) A.S. Pushkin C) M.Yu. Lermontov
14. What is the merit of Russian artists XIX century A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, I. Shishkin?
A) were impressionist painters
B) portrait painters
C) discovered the beauty of Russian nature
15. What is impressionism in art?
A) passing on fleeting impressions
B) disclosure seascape
C) fantasy in painting
A) P.I. Tchaikovsky B) W.A. Mozart C) A. Vivaldi
17. What is the main task of a portrait painter?
A) exact copying of the external features of a person
B) pictorial re-creation of the image of a person
18. In which type of portrait is the main purpose of demonstrating the social position of the hero?
A) chamber B) group C) front
“... Her eyes are like two fogs, half a smile, half a cry.
Her eyes are like two deceptions covered in mist of failures…” (N. Zabolotsky)
A) V.L. Borovikovsky B) F.S. Rokotov V) K.P. Bryullov
20 . Who is the creator of the Fine Arts Gallery in Moscow?
A) F. Rokotov B) P. Tretyakov C) M. Vrubel
21. Is it possible in music to resemble a specific person?
A) yes B) no
22. Is it possible to apply the expression "a person is hidden in intonation"?
A) yes B) no
23. What perfection does art achieve in man?
A) athletic B) emotional C) mental
24. What is the mission of artists of different eras (painters, musicians, poets, architects)?
A) “Send” your messages to descendants
B) Celebrate your work
C) Development of professionalism
25. What famous museums fine arts are located in St. Petersburg?
A) Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin, Tretyakov Gallery
B) National Art Gallery
C) Russian Museum, Hermitage
26. Which festival is theatrical?
A) " New Opera» B) « golden mask» B) «The Nutcracker»
27. What did A.S. Pushkin call the translators of prose and poetry?
A) "The first signs of art"
B) "Post Horses of Enlightenment"
C) "Good Heralds of Literature"
28. What is the code in works of art for communicating with people?
A) music B) paintings C) the language of art
29. What is a symbol in art?
A) outward sign B) familiar
B) in an artistic way
30. What do artists strive to convey in vanitas still lifes?
A) the frailty of earthly vanity
B) joy Everyday life
31. How many sources does art have?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3
32. Myth is ...
A) symbolic action
B) the action of a priest, a minister of the church
IN) oral tradition
33. What is the main meaning of Andrei Rublev's icon "Trinity"?
A) Praise to the teacher Sergius of Radonezh
B) The unification of Rus' for the sake of freedom
34. What symbols-images are central in any culture?
A) family, sun, road
B) road, moon, sun
C) sun, tree, road
35. What direction of art does the work of V.V. Kandinsky belong to?
A) realism B) classicism
B) abstract art
36. What are the three properties of paints, which, according to V.V. Kandinsky, play an important role?
A) color, tone, intensity
B) tone, color, palette
C) palette, color, mood
37. What is it based on human culture?
A) truth, goodness, beauty
B) history, culture, morality
C) mutual respect, aesthetics, compassion
38. What are the laws of beauty?
A) harmony, form, melody, texture
B) harmony, symmetry, measure, proportion
C) harmony, rhythm, style, polyphony
39. What does art strive for in different eras?
A) create an image beautiful person
B) convey the reality of the world
B) educate humanity
40. What is the role of creativity in human life?
A) is the meaning of life
B) helps spiritual growth
B) makes life rich
41. What is the power of art?
A) in visuality B) in emotionality C) in depth
42. What is the use of beauty?
A) reveals the value of nature and life phenomena
B) reveals ideals
B) reveals historical values
43. What is common between popular culture and art?
A) affect attitudes and tastes
B) affect the psyche and health
C) affect upbringing and morality
Answers:
1 - A
6 - B
11 - B
16 - A
21-B
26-B
31-B
36 - A
41-B
2 - B
7 - A
12 - B
17 - B
22 - A
27-B
32 - B
37 - A
42 - A
3 - B
8 - B
13 - A
18 - B
23-B
28 - B
33-B
38-B
43 - A
4 - B
9 - B
14 - B
19 - B
24 - A
29 - B
34 - B
39 - A
5 - A
10 - A
15 - A
20 - B
25 - B
30 - A
35 - B
35 great Russian painters
Russia is famous for its artists. They have made a huge contribution to world art, and their paintings break records at world auctions. Let's remember the best of the best. You yourself can influence how the places are distributed.
Theophanes the Greek (about 1340 - about 1410)
Theophanes the Greek came to Novgorod as an accomplished icon painter. He was born in Byzantium and painted the churches of Constantinople, Chalcedon, Genoese Galata and Kafa. Feofan painted the Church of the Transfiguration in Novgorod, where his frescoes, the temples of the Moscow Kremlin, are still preserved. In the Annunciation Cathedral, Theophanes the Greek created the first iconostasis in Russia, where the saints were depicted in full growth. In addition to painting icons and painting temples, Theophanes the Greek also created miniatures for books and decorated the Gospels.
Andrei Rublev (1360-1430)
Despite the fact that Andrei Rublev is the most famous Russian icon painter, we do not know much about him. He received the name Andrei in monasticism, his secular name is unknown. Rublev's unsurpassed masterpiece is traditionally considered the icon of the Holy Trinity, painted in the first quarter of the 15th century. Rublev was also one of the masters who painted the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir, the Assumption Cathedral in Zvenigorod and the Cathedral of the Annunciation in the Moscow Kremlin.
Dionysius (c. 1440-1502)
The name of Dionysius embodies, perhaps, the best and largest achievements of Moscow icon painting of the 15th-16th centuries. A successor to the tradition of Andrei Rublev, Dionysius painted many temples, but true understanding Dionysius' manner of writing can be obtained from the superbly preserved frescoes of the Ferapontov Monastery on Beloozero. They have never been rewritten or seriously restored.
Simon Ushakov (1626-1686)
A favorite of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Simon Ushakov was the first Russian icon painter to sign his icons. The period of "secularization" of icon painting ("Ushakov's period") is connected with his work. Ushakov was the author of more than 50 icons, and also taught others his art. Gury Nikitin was his student.
Gury Nikitin (1620-1691)
Nikitin is not a surname, it is a patronymic. Full name icon painter - Gury Nikitin (Nikitovich) Kineshmitsev. He painted the Archangel Cathedral in Moscow, painted icons for the Moscow Church of St. Gregory of Neokessaria and led a group of icon painters who painted the Yaroslavl Church of Elijah the Prophet and the Kostroma Ipatiev Monastery.
Karl Bryullov (1799-1852)
Admiring contemporaries called Bryullov "the great, divine Karl" and "the second Raphael." Belinsky dubbed Bryullov "the first artist of Europe." The painting "The Last Day of Pompeii" was recognized perfect masterpiece XIX century. Walter Scott sat out whole hour watching it, after which he admitted: "This is not a picture, this is a whole poem." Bryullov also depicted himself on the canvas - to the left of the center, with a box of paints and brushes.
Alexander Ivanov (1806-1858)
The most famous painting by Alexander Ivanov is The Appearance of Christ to the People. The artist worked on it for more than 20 years. This is one of the most mysterious paintings in the history of Russian painting. It is interesting that in the mirror copy of the picture, the Messiah does not go towards people, but leaves (removes) or passes by.
Ivanov also did watercolor sketches to the murals of the "Temple of Humanity". These drawings became known only after the death of the artist. This cycle entered the history of art under the name "biblical sketches". They were published over 100 years ago in Berlin and have not been reprinted since.
Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887)
The itinerant artist Ivan Kramskoy, the author of the painting "Christ in the Desert", created one of the most mysterious paintings - "The Unknown", which is also often called "The Stranger". Whomever she was associated with. And with Anna Karenina, and with Nastya Fillipovna, and with the daughter of the artist Sophia, and with the peasant woman Matrena Savvishna, who became the wife of the nobleman Bestuzhev, and with Princess Varvara Turkestanishvili, the maid of honor of Empress Maria Feodorovna, favorite of Alexander I, to whom she bore a daughter, and after committed suicide. There are a lot of versions, but "The Stranger" is still a stranger.
Alexey Savrasov (1830-1897)
Aleksey Savrasov is a great Russian landscape painter, itinerant artist and teacher of Levitan, Korovin and Nesterov, but he is often called "an artist of one picture". This, of course, is about the canvas “The Rooks Have Arrived”. Isaac Levitan wrote about his teacher: “Since Savrasov appeared lyrics in landscape painting and boundless love for his native land<…>and this undoubted merit of his will never be forgotten in the field of Russian art.
Ivan Shishkin (1832-1898)
The most famous Russian landscape painter Ivan Shishkin was called the "forest hero-artist", "king of the forest", "old forest man". One of iconic paintings Shishkin’s paintings became the canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest”. In fairness, it should be said that the artist Savitsky painted the bears in the picture, but Pavel Tretyakov erased his signature, so Shishkin alone is often indicated as the author of the picture.
IN Soviet time this picture began to be called "Three Bears" (although there are four of them in the picture), because of the eponymous brand of chocolate from the Red October factory.
Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900)
Ivan Aivazovsky is an unsurpassed marine painter and one of the most expensive artists. In 2012, at the British auction Sotheby's, his painting "View of Constantinople and the Bosphorus" was sold for 3 million 230 thousand pounds sterling, which in terms of rubles is more than 153 million.
Isaac Levitan (1860-1900)
Isaac Levitan is a master of "mood landscape" and the most meditative paintings in Russian art. Levitan's masterpiece "Above Eternal Peace" is called "the most Russian painting." The artist wrote it to the sounds of a funeral march from Beethoven's Eroica Symphony. One of Levitan's friends called this painting "a requiem for himself."
Arkhip Kuindzhi (1842-1910)
Some called Kuindzhi "Russian Monet" for his virtuoso disclosure of the possibility of paint. Others accused the artist of seeking cheap effects, using secret techniques, such as hidden illumination of canvases. In the end, at the peak of the noise around his name, Arkhip Ivanovich simply went into voluntary exile for 30 years.
Vasily Surikov (1848-1916)
For his mastery of the techniques of composition, fellow artists in St. Petersburg called the hereditary Cossack Vasily Surikov "composer", but in academic circles Surikov for a long time criticized just for the crowding of the compositions, for the "porridge" of the faces of the characters, contemptuously called his canvases "brocade carpets". History put everything in its place - Surikov is still considered consummate master painting, and his historical canvases are among the most realistic.
Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910)
One of the most tragic Russian artists, Vrubel was called the creator of art, close in nature to night dreams. About the artist's passion for the image of the Demon Alexander Benois said: “I believe that the Prince of Peace posed for him .... His madness was the logical finale of his demonism.”
Vrubel had an amazing psychological property - eidetism. This special kind visual figurative memory when a person does not remember, does not imagine an object or image in his mind, but sees it, as in a photograph or on a screen.
Valentin Serov (1865-1911)
Friends called Valentin Serov "Antosha" - that was his home nickname. The famous artist became after the publication of his masterpieces - "Girls with peaches" and "Girls illuminated by the sun." The first picture depicted the daughter of Savva Mamontov Vera, the second - cousin Mashenka Simonovich Serov himself.
Konstantin Makovsky (1839-1915)
Some called Konstantin Makovsky a harbinger of Russian impressionism, others believed that he was betraying the ideals of the Wanderers, but, despite critical assessments, Makovsky was one of the most sought-after and highly paid artists of his time. At the World Exhibition of 1889 in Paris, he received the Grand gold medal for the paintings "The Death of Ivan the Terrible", "The Judgment of Paris" and "The Demon and Tamara".
Leon Bakst (1866-1924)
Leon Bakst is one of the brightest representatives of Russian Art Nouveau, an artist, stage designer, master of easel painting and theatrical graphics. The European success of the famous "Russian Seasons" is the merit of Bakst to the same extent as the merit of Sergei Diaghilev. Bakst was a teacher of Marc Chagall and a trendsetter in Parisian fashion.
Victor Vasnetsov (1842-1926)
Viktor Vasnetsov is a great Russian painter and architect, a master of historical and folklore painting. He was called "a true hero of Russian painting." For most Vasnetsov is the creator of the world of Russian fairy tales and epics, but he was also seriously involved in architecture (facade Tretyakov Gallery) and created postage stamps.
Boris Kustodiev (1878-1927)
Alexander Benois was convinced that “the real Kustodiev is a Russian fair, “big-eyed” chintz, a barbaric “fight of colors”, a Russian settlement and a Russian village, with their accordions, gingerbread, overdressed girls and dashing guys. It is impossible not to recall the "Kustodia women" - the type of Russian beauties created by Boris Mikhailovich. In 1912, Kustodiev began work on a gallery of unsurpassed female images. In 1915, the world saw "The Merchant" and "Beauty" - unique images of Russian beauty.
Ilya Repin (1844-1930)
Ilya Repin is a brilliant portrait painter, a master of everyday sketches and the creator of scandalous historical canvases. Newspapermen enthusiastically wrote about the work of the still young Repin "Barge Haulers on the Volga". Some viewers scolded her, others admired her. The picture aroused the liveliest interest of Dostoevsky and Perov, and meanwhile some called it "the greatest profanation of art."
Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935)
Kazimir Malevich is the "father of Suprematism" and the creator of the "Black Square", which has become a symbol of the avant-garde. Despite experiments in almost all genres of painting, the artist himself considered the "Black Square" his main picture, therefore, during the funeral of Malevich, the image of the square was everywhere - on the coffin, in the hall of the civil memorial service, and even on the train car that carried the body of the artist to Moscow. So bequeathed by the artist himself.
Petrov-Vodkin (1878-1939)
Petrov-Vodkin "noted" in a variety of genres - from icon painting to theatrical graphics and modern. One of the artist's masterpieces is the painting Bathing a Red Horse, painted by him in 1912. From the very beginning, it caused numerous controversies, in which it was invariably mentioned that such horses did not exist. However, the artist claimed that he adopted this color from ancient Russian icon painters.
In 1928, in Venice, the canvas "Death of the Commissar" by Petrov-Vodkin made an indelible impression on Benedetto Mussolini, who visited the Soviet pavilion.
Konstantin Korovin (1861-1939)
The main exponent of Russian Impressionism, Konstantin Korovin worked as a camouflage consultant at the headquarters of the Russian army during the First World War. At the same time, despite the harsh reality, Korovin manages to paint pictures about " beautiful era". No wonder Korovin is called a painter of joy and happiness.
Pavel Filonov (1883-1941)
Khlebnikov's friend Pavel Filonov is one of the most original and impressive artists of the Soviet avant-garde, the founder of the theory of analytical art. He likened the picture to a living organism and believed that it should develop and be updated as it was created. Although there was a demand for them, Filonov never sold his canvases. During the siege of Leningrad, he was personally on duty in the icy attic of his house, guarding his paintings from incendiary bombs. This is what ruined him. In the first year of the blockade, he caught a cold in the cold and a few days later, on December 3, 1941, he died of pneumonia.
El Lissitzky (1890-1941)
Lazar Markovich Lissitzky - Soviet artist and architect. Known for his Suprematist works, projects of "paper" architecture. Lissitzky developed compositions that he called "prouns". They were Suprematist three-dimensional figures. Subsequently, prouns became the basis for furniture design, theater layout projects, and decorative-spatial installations.
Mikhail Nesterov (1862-1942)
Mikhail Nesterov is an outstanding Russian painter. He avoided portraying strong passions”, giving preference to a quiet landscape and a person “living inner life". His first painting from the cycle about the life of Sergius of Radonezh "Vision to the youth Bartholomew", in which easel painting includes elements of iconography, has caused a lot of questions from critics. The golden glow around the head of the schemnik gave rise to controversy not only among viewers who saw the painting at the regular exhibition of the Wanderers, but also among fellow artists, some of whom called the painting “harmful”.
Aristarkh Lentulov (1882-1943)
A tireless experimenter, Aristarkh Lentulov worked in almost all genres and styles. In the spirit of expressionism, he wrote "Three male figures". In the style of Cezanne - "Landscape with trees and a red tower." He was one of the organizers of the new creative group - “ Jack of Diamonds". Lentulov was called one of the fathers of the Russian avant-garde, and critics joked: for Lentulov, any object is a finished still life. Once, for example, he was so inspired by progress that he dedicated a picture to ... plumbing.
Wassily Kandinsky (1855-1944)
The founder of abstract art, the founder of the Blue Rider group, Wassily Kandinsky emigrated from Russia in 1921. In Berlin, he taught painting and became a prominent theorist of the Bauhaus school and soon received world recognition as one of the leaders of abstract art. In 1939, Kandinsky received French citizenship. Since 2007, the Kandinsky Prize has been awarded annually in Russia. The artist's painting "Sketch for Improvisation No. 8" was sold at Christie's auction for a record amount for Russian art - $ 23 million.
Nicholas Roerich (1874-1947)
Ironically, the apologist of Ancient Rus' and the creator of historical paintings, Nicholas Roerich, became the discoverer of the East for Russia. His Himalayan cycle, created during the Central Asian expedition, brought Roerich worldwide recognition and became the basis for his religious and philosophical teachings "Living Ethics".
Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962)
Natalya Sergeevna Goncharova is the great-grandniece of Pushkin's wife, a Russian avant-garde artist who made a significant contribution to the development of avant-garde art in Russia. As of 2009, her paintings are worth more than the work of any other artist in history. Gonarova more than once faced misunderstanding and severe censorship, to which she reacted philosophically: “If I have clashes with society, it’s only because of the latter’s misunderstanding of the fundamentals of art in general, and not because of my individual features which no one is required to understand.
Mikhail Larionov (1881-1964)
Mikhail Larionov is one of the founders of the Russian avant-garde, companion and husband of Natalia Goncharova. In 1912 Larionov created a new artistic concept- rayism, one of the first examples of abstract art in the category of so-called "non-objective creativity", where forms were formed as a result of the intersection of rays reflected from various objects.
Alexander Deineka (1899-1969)
Alexander Deineka is one of the most famous Soviet artists, the creator of monumental canvases with no less monumental heroes - simple Soviet people, athletes, soldiers, sailors. This year, Alexander Deineka's painting "Behind the Curtain" was sold at MacDougall's London auction for 2 million 248 thousand pounds.
Ilya Glazunov (b. 1930)
Ilya Glazunov - founder and rector Russian Academy painting, sculpture and architecture, Full Cavalier of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland. Glazunov is not only an artist and illustrator (illustrations for Dostoevsky's novels, Blok's works), but also a globalist artist. He created the interior of the Soviet embassy in Madrid, participated in the restoration and reconstruction of the buildings of the Moscow Kremlin, including the Grand Kremlin Palace.
Ilya Kabakov (born 1933)
Conceptualist Ilya Kabakov, an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts, is the most expensive Russian painter. His painting "Beetle" was sold at the Phillips de Pury London auction for $5.8 million. Kabakov has been an illustrator for a long time. Since 1956, he collaborated with the Detgiz publishing house and such magazines as Murzilka, Malysh, and Funny Pictures.
The Art Newspaper Russia presents a rating: the most expensive living artists of Russia. If you are still sure that Russian artists there was not and is not in the western clip, we are ready to argue with that. The language of numbers.
The conditions were simple: each of the living artists could be represented by only one, their most expensive work. When compiling the rating, not only the results of public auctions were taken into account, but also the most high-profile private sales. The authors of the rating were guided by the principle “if something sells loudly, then someone needs it”, and therefore appreciated the work of marketers and press managers of artists who brought record private sales to the public. Important note: the rating is based solely on financial indicators; if it was based on the exhibition activity of artists, it would look a little different. External sources resources for analytics Artnet.com, Artprice.com, Skatepress.com And Artinvestment.ru.
The US dollar was chosen as the currency of the world rating, and the British pound sterling was taken as the equivalent of the sales of Russian artists (since 90% of domestic sales took place in London in this currency). The remaining 10% of works sold in US dollars and euros were recalculated at the exchange rate at the time of the transaction, as a result of which some positions changed places. In addition to the actual cost of the work, data were collected on the total capitalization of artists (the number of top works sold at auction for all years), on the place of a contemporary artist in the ranking of artists of all time, on the place of the most expensive work of a participant among all sold works of other authors, and also about nationality and country of residence. Important information is also contained in the statistics of repeated sales of each artist as an objective indicator of investment
attractiveness.
Last year, 2013, significantly changed the positions of contemporary artists in the international sales ranking. Of the top 50 most expensive works of art, 16 modern ones were sold last season - record number(for comparison, 17 works were sold from 2010 to 2012, there is only one sale in the 20th century). The demand for living artists is partly identical to the demand for all contemporary art, partly to the cynical understanding that the capitalization of assets after their death will invariably increase.
Among the Russian participants, the most respected were the brothers Sergey And Alexey Tkachevy(b. 1922 and 1925), the youngest - Anatoly Osmolovsky(b. 1969). The question is who will be the new Jean-Michel Basquiat while open. Clear classes of buyers are visible in the sales of our artists: leaders are bought by foreign collectors and Russian oligarchs, places from 10th to 30th are provided by emigrant collectors, and the conditional bottom of the top 50 is our future, young collectors with “new” money who entered the market.
1. Ilya Kabakov
It seems that in general the main Russian artist (which does not prevent Kabakov, who was born in Dnepropetrovsk, from painting himself Ukrainian), the founding father of Moscow conceptualism (one of them), the author of the term and practice of “total installation”. Since 1988 he has been living and working in New York. He works in collaboration with his wife, Emilia Kabakov, which is why the title should look like "Ilya and Emilia Kabakov", but since Ilya Iosifovich became known earlier than Ilya and Emilia, then let it stay that way. Works are in the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Hermitage, MoMA, Kolodzei Art Foundation(USA), etc.
Year of birth: 1933
Product: "Beetle". 1982
Date of sale: 28.02.2008
Price (GBP)1: 2,932,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 10,686,000
Seat: 1
Average cost per job (GBP): 117,429
Number of repeat sales: 12
2. Eric Bulatov
Using techniques that would later be called Sots Art, he combined figurative painting with text in his works. In Soviet times, a successful illustrator of children's books. Since 1989 he has been living and working in New York, since 1992 in Paris. The first Russian artist with a solo exhibition at the Pompidou Center. The works are kept in the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Pompidou Center, the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, etc., are included in the collections of the Foundation Dina Verny, Victor Bondarenko, Vyacheslav Kantor, Ekaterina and Vladimir Semenikhin, Igor Tsukanov.
Year of birth: 1933
Artwork: "Glory to the CPSU". 1975
Date of sale: 28.02.2008
Price (GBP)1: 1,084,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 8,802,000
Seat: 2
Average cost per job (GBP): 163,000
Number of repeat sales: 11
3. Vitaly Komar and Alexander Melamid
The creators of Sots Art - a scurrilous trend in unofficial art, parodying the symbols and techniques of officialdom. They have lived in New York since 1978. Until the mid-2000s, they worked in pairs. As an art project, they organized the "sale of souls" of famous artists through an auction (soul Andy Warhol since then owned by the Moscow artist Alena Kirtsova). Works are in the collections of the MoMA, the Guggenheim Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Louvre, in the collections Shalva Breus, Daria Zhukova And Roman Abramovich and etc.
Year of birth: 1943, 1945
Work: "Meeting of Solzhenitsyn and Böll at Rostropovich's dacha". 1972
Date of sale: 23.04.2010
Price (GBP)1: 657 250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 3,014,000
Seat: 7
Average cost per job (GBP): 75,350
Number of repeat sales: 3
former comar&melamid artstudio archive
4. Semyon Faibisovich
A photorealist artist who remains the most accurate realist even now, when painting fascinates Semyon Natanovich less than journalism. Exhibited at Malaya Gruzinskaya, where in 1985 he was noticed by New York dealers and collectors. Since 1987 he has exhibited regularly in the USA and Western Europe. An active supporter of the abolition of the law on propaganda of homosexuality in Russia. Lives and works in Moscow. Works are in the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Moscow House of Photography, museums in Germany, Poland, the USA, are included in the collections Daria Zhukova And Roman Abramovich, Igor Markin, Igor
Tsukanova.
Year of birth: 1949
Composition: "Soldiers" (from the series "Stations"). 1989
Date of sale: 10/13/2007
Price (GBP)1: 311,200
Total Capitalization (GBP): 3,093,000
Seat: 6
Average cost per job (GBP): 106,655
Number of repeat sales: 7
5. Grigory (Grisha) Bruskin
The protagonist of the first and last Soviet auction Sotheby's in 1988, where his work The Fundamental Lexicon became a top lot (£220,000). At the invitation of the German government created monumental triptych for the reconstructed Reichstag in Berlin. Winner of the Kandinsky Prize in the nomination "Project of the Year" for the exhibition Time H at the Multimedia Art Museum. Lives and works in New York and Moscow. Works are in the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Pushkin Museum im. A. S. Pushkin, the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, MoMA, the Museum of Jewish Culture (New York), etc., are included in the collections of the Queen of Spain Sofia, Petr Aven, Shalva Breus, Vladimir and Ekaterina Semenikhin, Milos Forman.
Year of birth: 1945
Artwork: "Logii. Part 1". 1987
Date of sale: 07.11.2000
Price (GBP)1: 424,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 720,000
Seat: 15
Average cost per job (GBP): 24,828
Number of repeat sales: 5
6. Oleg Tselkov
One of the most famous artists of the sixties, who in the 1960s began and still continues a cycle of paintings, which depicts rough, as if molded from clay, human faces(or figures) painted with bright aniline colors. Since 1977 lives in Paris. The works are in the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Hermitage, the Zimmerli Museum of Rutgers University, etc., are included in the collections Mikhail Baryshnikov, Arthur Miller, Igor Tsukanov. The largest private collection of Tselkov's works in Russia belongs to Evgeny Evtushenko.
Year of birth: 1934
Artwork: "Boy with Balloons" 1957
Date of sale: 26.11.2008
Price (GBP)1: 238,406
Total Capitalization (GBP): 4,232,000
Seat: 5
Average cost per job (GBP): 53,570
Number of repeat sales: 14
7. Oscar Rabin
Leader of the "Lianozovo group" (Moscow nonconformist artists of the 1950s-1960s), organizer of the scandalous bulldozer exhibition 1974. He was the first in the Soviet Union to sell works privately. In 1978 he was deprived of Soviet citizenship. Lives and works in Paris. In 2006 he won the Innovation Award for his contribution to art. The works are in the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Moscow Museum of Modern Art, the Zimmerli Museum of Rutgers University, are included in the collections of Alexander Glezer, Vyacheslav Kantor, Alexander Kronik, Iveta and Tamaz Manasherov, Evgeny Nutovich, Aslan Chekhoev.
Year of birth: 1928
Artwork: "The city and the moon (Socialist
city)". 1959
Date of sale: 15.04.2008
Price (GBP)1: 171,939
Total Capitalization (GBP): 5,397,000
Seat: 3
Average cost per job (GBP): 27,964
Number of repeat sales: 45
8. Zurab Tsereteli
The largest representative without that monumental art. The author of the monument to Peter I in Moscow and the monument Good conquers Evil in front of the UN building in New York. Founder of the Moscow Museum of Modern Art, President of the Russian Academy of Arts, creator of the Zurab Tsereteli Art Gallery, working at the aforementioned academy. Sculptures by Zurab Tsereteli, in addition to Russia, adorn Brazil, Great Britain, Georgia, Spain, Lithuania, the USA, France and Japan.
Year of birth: 1934
Composition: "The Dream of Athos"
Date of sale: 01.12.2009
Price (GBP)1: 151 250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 498,000
Seat: 19
Average cost per job (GBP): 27,667
Number of repeat sales: 4
9. Viktor Pivovarov
One of the founders of Moscow conceptualism. Like Kabakov, the inventor of the conceptual album genre; like Kabakov, Bulatov and Oleg Vasilyev, he is a successful illustrator of children's books who collaborated with the magazines Murzilka and Funny Pictures. Since 1982 he has been living and working in Prague. The works are in the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Pushkin Museum im. A. S. Pushkin, Kolodzei Art Foundation(USA), in the collections of Vladimir and Ekaterina Semenikhin, Igor Tsukanov.
Year of birth: 1937
Artwork: "Triptych with a snake." 2000
Sale date: 10/18/2008
Price (GBP)1: 145 250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 482,000
Seat: 20
Average cost per job (GBP): 17,852
Number of repeat sales: 6
10. Alexander Melamid
Half of the creative tandem Komar — Melamid, disbanded in 2003. Together with Vitaly Komar, a participant bulldozer exhibition(where they died Double self-portrait, the founding work of Sots Art). Since 1978 he has been living and working in New York. There is no information about in which well-known collections the works of Melamid, created by him independently, are located.
Year of birth: 1945
Composition: Cardinal José Saraiva Martins. 2007
Sale date: 10/18/2008
Price (GBP)1: 145 250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 145,000
Seat: 36
Average cost per job (GBP): 145,000
Number of repeat sales: —
11. Francisco Infante Arana
The owner, perhaps, of the heaviest list of exhibitions among Russian artists. Member of the group of kinetists "Movement", in the 1970s he found his own version of photo performance, or "artifact" - geometric shapes integrated into the natural landscape.
Year of birth: 1943
Artwork: "Building a sign." 1984
Date of sale: 31.05.2006
Price (GBP)1: 142,400
Total Capitalization (GBP): 572,000
Seat: 17
Average cost per job (GBP): 22,000
Number of repeat sales: —
12. Vladimir Nemukhin
Metaphysician. A classic of the second wave of the Russian avant-garde, a member of the "Lianozovo group", one of the participants in the Bulldozer Exhibition, curator (or initiator) of important exhibitions of the 1980s, when unofficial Soviet
art was just becoming aware of itself.
Year of birth: 1925
Artwork: "Unfinished Solitaire". 1966
Date of sale: 26.04.2006
Price (GBP)1: 240,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 4,338,000
Seat: 4
Average cost per job (GBP): 36,454
Number of repeat sales: 26
13. Vladimir Yankilevsky
Surrealist, one of the main names of the post-war Moscow unofficial art, the creator of monumental philosophical polyptychs.
Year of birth: 1938
Artwork: “Triptych No. 10. Anatomy of the soul. II." 1970
Date of sale: 23.04.2010
Price (GBP)1: 133,250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 754,000
Seat: 14
Average cost per job (GBP): 12,780
Number of repeat sales: 7
14. Alexander Vinogradov and Vladimir Dubossarsky
picturesque project Paintings to order, begun by them in the hopeless 1990s for painting, received what it deserved in the 2000s. The duet became popular with collectors, and one painting ended up in the collection of the Pompidou Center.
Year of birth: 1963, 1964
Artwork: "Night fitness". 2004
Date of sale: 22.06.2007
Price (GBP)1: 132,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 1,378,000
Seat: 11
Average cost per job (GBP): 26,500
Number of repeat sales: 4
15. Sergey Volkov
One of the heroes of perestroika art, known for expressive paintings with thoughtful statements. Participant of the Soviet auction Sotheby's in 1988.
Year of birth: 1956
Artwork: "Double vision.
Triptych"
Date of sale: 31.05.2007
Price (GBP)1: 132,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 777,000
Place: 12
Average cost per job (GBP): 38,850
Number of repeat sales: 4
16. AES + F (Tatyana Arzamasova, Lev Evzovich, Evgeny Svyatsky, Vladimir Fridkes)
AES projects were distinguished by a good presentation in the sloppy 1990s, which is what they remember. Now they are making large animated frescoes broadcast on dozens of screens.
Year of birth: 1955, 1958, 1957, 1956
Composition: "Warrior No. 4"
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 120,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 305,000
Seat: 27
Average cost per job (GBP): 30,500
Number of repeat sales: —
17. Lev Tabenkin
Sculptor and painter with a sculptural vision, as if sculpting his characters from clay.
Year of birth: 1952
Composition: Jazz Orchestra. 2004
Date of sale: 30.06.2008
Price (GBP)1: 117,650
Total Capitalization (GBP): 263,000
Seat: 28
Average cost per job (GBP): 26,300
Number of repeat sales: 7
18. Mikhail (Misha Shayevich) Brusilovsky
Sverdlovsk surrealist, author of ambiguous allegories.
Year of birth: 1931
Artwork: Football. 1965
Date of sale: 28.11.2006
Price (GBP)1: 108,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 133,000
Seat: 38
Average cost per job (GBP): 22,167
Number of repeat sales: —
19. Olga Bulgakova
One of the main figures of the intelligentsia "carnival" painting of the Brezhnev era. Corresponding member
Russian Academy of Arts.
Year of birth: 1951
Composition: "Dream of the red
bird." 1988
Date of sale: 22.11.2010
Price (GBP)1: 100,876
Total Capitalization (GBP): 219,000
Seat: 31
Average cost per job (GBP): 36,500
Number of repeat sales: —
20. Alexander Ivanov
An abstract artist who is primarily known as a businessman, collector and creator of the Faberge Museum in Baden-Baden (Germany).
Year of birth: 1962
Composition: Love. 1996
Date of sale: 06/05/2013
Price (GBP)1: 97,250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 201,000
Seat: 33
Average cost per job (GBP): 50,250
Number of repeat sales: —
21. Ivan Chuikov
An independent wing of Moscow pictorial conceptualism. Author of a series of paintings-objects Windows. Somehow in the 1960s, he burned all the paintings, which is why gallery owners are still sad.
Year of birth: 1935
Artwork: "Untitled" 1986
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 96,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 1,545,000
Seat: 10
Average cost per job (GBP): 36,786
Number of repeat sales: 8
22. Konstantin Zvezdochetov
In his youth, a member of the Mukhomor group, who called themselves "fathers" new wave" in Soviet Union" -
With with good reason; with the onset creative maturity participant of the Venice Biennale and the Kassel
documenta. Researcher and connoisseur of the visual in the Soviet grassroots culture.
Year of birth: 1958
Composition: "Perdo-K-62M"
Date of sale: 13.06.2008
Price (GBP)1: 92,446
Total Capitalization (GBP): 430,000
Seat: 22
Average cost per job (GBP): 22,632
Number of repeat sales: 2
23. Natalia Nesterova
One of the main art stars of the Brezhnev stagnation. Favored by collectors for its textured painting style.
Year of birth: 1944
Artwork: "Melnik and his
son". 1969
Date of sale: 15.06.2007
Price (GBP)1: 92,388
Total Capitalization (GBP): 1,950,000
Seat: 9
Average cost per job (GBP): 20,526
Number of repeat sales: 15
24. Maxim Kantor
An expressionist painter who performed at the Russian pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1997, as well as a publicist and writer, author of a philosophical and satirical novel drawing tutorial about the ins and outs of the Russian art world.
Year of birth: 1957
Artwork: "The Structure of Democracy". 2003
Sale date: 10/18/2008
Price (GBP)1: 87,650
Total Capitalization (GBP): 441,000
Seat: 21
Average cost per job (GBP): 44,100
Number of repeat sales: 2
25. Andrey Sidersky
Creates paintings in the style of psi-art invented by him. He translated into Russian the works of Carlos Castaneda and Richard Bach.
Year of birth: 1960
Composition: "Triptych"
Date of sale: 04.12.2009
Price (GBP)1: 90,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 102,000
Seat: 42
Average cost per job (GBP): 51,000
Number of repeat sales: —
26. Valery Koshlyakov
Known for paintings with architectural motifs. The largest representative of the "South Russian wave". Often uses carton boxes, bags, adhesive tape. The first exhibition with his participation was held in public toilet in Rostov-on-Don in 1988.
Year of birth: 1962
Artwork: Versailles. 1993
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 72,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 346,000
Seat: 26
Average cost per job (GBP): 21,625
Number of repeat sales: 8
27. Alexey Sundukov
Laconic, lead-colored paintings about " lead abominations» everyday Russian life.
Year of birth: 1952
Artwork: "The Essence of Being". 1988
Date of sale: 23.04.2010
Price (GBP)1: 67,250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 255,000
Seat: 29
Average cost per job (GBP): 25,500
Number of repeat sales: 1
28. Igor Novikov
Belongs to the generation of Moscow nonconformist artists of the late 1980s.
Year of birth: 1961
Artwork: “Kremlin breakfast, or Moscow for sale”. 2009
Date of sale: 03.12.2010
Price (GBP)1: 62,092
Total Capitalization (GBP): 397,000
Seat: 24
Average cost per job (GBP): 15,880
Number of repeat sales: 3
29. Vadim Zakharov
Archivist of Moscow Conceptualism. The author of spectacular installations on thoughtful topics, represented Russia at the Venice
biennale.
Year of birth: 1959
Artwork: Baroque. 1986-1994
Sale date: 10/18/2008
Price (GBP)1: 61,250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 243,000
Seat: 30
Average cost per job (GBP): 20,250
Number of repeat sales: —
30. Yuri Krasny
Author art programs for children with special needs.
Year of birth: 1925
Composition: "Smoker"
Date of sale: 04.04.2008Price (GBP)1: 59,055
Total Capitalization (GBP): 89,000
Seat: 44
Average cost per job (GBP): 11,125
Number of repeat sales: 8
31. Sergey and Alexey Tkachev
Classics of late Soviet impressionism, students of Arkady Plastov, known for their paintings from the life of the Russian village.
Year of birth: 1922, 1925
Artwork: "In the field". 1954
Date of sale: 01.12.2010
Price (GBP)1: 58,813
Total Capitalization (GBP): 428,000
Seat: 23
Average cost per job (GBP): 22,526
Number of repeat sales: 4
32. Svetlana Kopystyanskaya
Known for installations paintings. After the Moscow auction Sotheby's in 1988 works abroad.
Year of birth: 1950
Composition: "Seascape"
Date of sale: 10/13/2007
Price (GBP)1: 57,600
Total Capitalization (GBP): 202,000
Seat: 32
Average cost per job (GBP): 22,444
Number of repeat sales: 2
33. Boris Orlov
Sculptor close to Sots Art. Famous for his work in the ironic "imperial" style and the masterful dressing of bronze busts and bouquets.
Year of birth: 1941
Artwork: Sailor. 1976
Sale date: 10/17/2013
Price (GBP)1: 55,085
Total Capitalization (GBP): 174,000
Seat: 34
Average cost per job (GBP): 17,400
Number of repeat sales: 1
34. Vyacheslav Kalinin
Author expressive paintings from the life of the urban lower classes and drinking bohemia.
Year of birth: 1939
Artwork: "Self-portrait with a hang glider"
Date of sale: 25.11.2012
Price (GBP)1: 54,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 766,000
Seat: 13
Average cost per job (GBP): 12,767
Number of repeat sales: 24
35. Evgeny Semenov
Known for a photo series with patients with Down's disease, playing the role of gospel characters.
Year of birth: 1960
Composition: Heart. 2009
Date of sale: 29.06.2009
Price (GBP)1: 49,250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 49,000
Seat: 48
Average Cost of Work (GBP): 49,000
Number of repeat sales: —
36. Yuri Cooper
He became famous for his nostalgic paintings with old household items. Playwright Twelve paintings from the artist's life, staged at the Moscow Art Theater. A.P. Chekhov.
Year of birth: 1940
Artwork: Window. Dass Street, 56. 1978
Date of sale: 09.06.2010
Price (GBP)1: 49,250
Total Capitalization (GBP): 157,000
Seat: 35
Average cost per job (GBP): 2,754
Number of repeat sales: 14
37. Alexander Kosolapov
A social artist whose work has been the target of all sorts of attacks. During the Art Moscow 2005 fair, one of his works was destroyed by a religious fanatic with a hammer.
Year of birth: 1943
Artwork: "Marlboro Malevich". 1987
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 48,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 510,000
Seat: 18
Average cost per job (GBP): 15,938
Number of repeat sales: 1
38. Leonid Sokov
Leading Sots Art sculptor who combined folklore with politics. Among famous works Device for determining nationality by the shape of the nose.
Year of birth: 1941
Artwork: "Bear hitting a sickle with a hammer." 1996
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 48,500
Total Capitalization (GBP): 352,000
Seat: 25
Average cost per job (GBP): 13,538
Number of repeat sales: 7
39. Vladimir Ovchinnikov
One of the patriarchs of unofficial art in Leningrad. Orthodox version of Fernando Botero.
Year of birth: 1941
Artwork: "Angels and Railway Tracks" 1977
Date of sale: 17.04.2007
Price (GBP)1: 47,846
Total Capitalization (GBP): 675,000
Seat: 16
Average cost per job (GBP): 15,341
Number of repeat sales: —
40. Konstantin Khudyakov
The author of paintings on religious subjects. Now he works in digital art technique.
Year of birth: 1945
Artwork: The Last Supper. 2007
Date of sale: 18.02.2011
Price (GBP)1: 46,850
Total Capitalization (GBP): 97,000
Seat: 43
Average cost per job (GBP): 32,333
Number of repeat sales: —
41. Ernst Unknown
An icon of Soviet non-conformism - since he openly objected to General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev at the vernissage of the legendary exhibition dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Moscow Union of Artists. After that, he made a monument on the grave of Khrushchev and a monument in front of the UN European headquarters.
Year of birth: 1925
Composition: "Untitled"
Date of sale: 08.06.2010
Price (GBP)1: 46,850
Total Capitalization (GBP): 2,931,000
Seat: 8
Average cost per job (GBP): 24,839
Number of repeat sales: 13
42. Anatoly Osmolovsky
One of the main figures of Moscow actionism in the 1990s, art theorist, curator, publisher and head of the Baza Institute research and educational program, winner of the first Kandinsky Prize.
Year of birth: 1969
Composition: "Bread" (from the series "Pagans"). 2009
Date of sale: 23.04.2010
Price (GBP)1: 46,850
Total Capitalization (GBP): 83,000
Seat: 46
Average cost per job (GBP): 11,857
Number of repeat sales: —
43. Dmitry Vrubel
Photorealist painter, known mainly for the painting depicting Brezhnev and Honecker kissing (or rather, thanks to the author's reproduction on the Berlin Wall).
Year of birth: 1960
Composition: "Fraternal kiss (triptych)". 1990
Date of sale: 25.11.2013
Price (GBP)1: 45,000
Seat: 40
Average cost per job (GBP): 16,429
Number of repeat sales: 2
44. Leonid Lamm
The author of installations that combined the motifs of the Russian avant-garde and the scenes of Soviet prison life. Lives in America. In the 1970s, on false charges, he spent three years in prisons and labor camps.
Year of birth: 1928
Artwork: "Apple II" (from the series "The Seventh Heaven"). 1974-1986
Sale date: 12/16/2009
Price (GBP)1: 43,910
Total Capitalization (GBP): 115,000
Seat: 41
Average cost per job (GBP): 14,375
Number of repeat sales: —
Picturesque installations by Irina Nakhova of the 1980s in her apartment can claim authorship in the “total.
45. Irina Nakhova
Muse of Moscow Conceptualism. Winner of the Kandinsky Prize in 2013 for "Project of the Year". In 2015 at the 56th Venice Biennale
will represent Russia.
Year of birth: 1955
Artwork: Triptych. 1983
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 38,900
Total Capitalization (GBP): 85,000
Seat: 45
Average cost per job (GBP): 17,000
Number of repeat sales: 1
46. Katya Filippova
An avant-garde fashion designer who became famous during perestroika. Decorated the windows of the Parisian department store Galeries Lafayette, was friends with Pierre Cardin.
Year of birth: 1958
"Artwork: Marina Ladynina" (from the series "Russian Hollywood")
Date of sale: 12.03.2008
Price (GBP)1: 38,900
Total Capitalization (GBP): 39,000
Seat: 49
Average cost per job (GBP): 39,000
Number of repeat sales: —
47. Boris Zaborov
Theater artist, book illustrator. In 1980 he emigrated to Paris, worked on costumes for the Comedie Francaise.
Year of birth: 1935
Artwork: "Communicator".1981
Date of sale: 30.10.2006
Price (GBP)1: 36,356
Total Capitalization (GBP): 67,000
Seat: 47
Average cost per job (GBP): 13,400
Number of repeat sales: 2
48. Rostislav Lebedev
Classical social artist, colleague (and workshop neighbor) of Boris Orlov and Dmitry Prigov. He creatively transformed the visual propaganda of the Soviet era.
Year of birth: 1946
Artwork: "Russian fairy tale". 1949
Date of sale: 03.06.2008
Price (GBP)1: 34,000
Total Capitalization (GBP): 122,000
Seat: 39
Average cost per job (GBP): 24,400
Number of repeat sales: 2
49. Andrey Filippov
Belongs to the Moscow conceptual school. The author of paintings and installations, united by the theme "Moscow - the Third Rome". Since 2009, together with Yuri Albert and Victor Skersis, he has been a member of the Cupid group.
Year of birth: 1959
Artwork: "Seven feet under the keel". 1988
Date of sale: 31.05.2006
Price (GBP)1: 33,600
Total Capitalization (GBP): 137,000
Seat: 37
Average cost per job (GBP): 12,455
Number of repeat sales: 3
50. Vladimir Shinkarev
The founder and ideologist of the Leningrad art group Mitki, in whose novel Mitki this term was first used. The novel was written out of boredom while working in the boiler room.
Year of birth: 1954
Artwork: Lenin Square I. 1999
Date of sale: 30.06.2008
Price (GBP)1: 32,450
Total Capitalization (GBP): 33,000
Seat: 50
Average cost per job (GBP): 16,500
Number of repeat sales: —
Sales vs Exhibitions
Recognition of the market and recognition of the professional community seem to many different things, but the division into "commercial" and "non-commercial" artists is very conditional. So, of the Russian artists exhibited over the past ten years at the Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art (and this is the pinnacle of their professional career), seven units (if you count by person, then 11 people) got into our rating. And the top 10 artists from the ranking either exhibited at the Venice Biennale before, or had personal exhibitions V major museums. As for those wonderful masters who were not included in the rating, their absence or not very outstanding sales are explained simply and tritely. Collectors are conservative and even from the most avant-garde artists prefer to buy paintings (paintings, objects or photographs that look like paintings) or sculptures (or objects that look like sculptures). There are no record-breaking performances or giant installations in our rating (installations are usually bought by museums, but the price there is museum, at a discount). That is why such stars as Andrey Monastyrsky, Oleg Kulik, Pavel Pepperstein(until recently, he mainly did graphics, and graphics are a priori cheaper than painting) or, for example, Nikolay Polissky, whose grandiose designs have not yet found understanding collectors.
In addition, the market is conservative also because recognition here comes slowly - note that in the top 10, all artists born in 1950 or older. That is, the promising participants of the Biennale still have everything ahead of them.
Russian art culture the origins of which began with classicism, which acquired a powerful folk sound, as high classicism, which was reflected in painting, gradually moved from romanticism to realism in Russian fine arts. The contemporaries of that time especially appreciated the direction of painting by Russian artists, in which the historical genre prevailed with an emphasis on national themes.
But at the same time, there were no particular changes in the art of historical painting compared to the masters of the second half of the 18th century and from the very beginning of the history of Russian portraiture. Often Russian artists dedicated their works to true heroes ancient Rus' whose exploits inspired the writing of historical canvases. Russian painters of the early 19th century approved their own principle of describing a portrait, paintings, having developed their own directions in painting, in depicting a person, nature, indicating a completely independent figurative concept.
Russian artists in their paintings reflected various ideals of national upsurge, gradually abandoning the strict principles of classicism imposed by academic foundations. The 19th century was marked by the high flourishing of Russian painting, in which Russian artists left an indelible mark on the history of Russian fine art for posterity, imbued with the spirit of a comprehensive reflection of the life of the people.
The largest researchers of Russian painting in general note an outstanding role in the high flowering of the work of great Russian artists and the fine arts of the 19th century. Achievements and conquests of painting of the 19th century, in which they showed themselves domestic artists are of great importance and unique value in the visual arts, paintings created by Russian artists have always enriched Russian culture.
Famous artists of the 19th century
(1782-1836) Superbly and subtly painted portraits of the artist Kiprensky brought him fame and true recognition among his contemporaries. His works Self-portrait, A. R. Tomilova, I. V. Kusova, A. I. Korsakov 1808 Portrait of a boy Chelishchev, Golitsina A. M. 1809 Portrait of Denis Davydov, 1819 Girl with a wreath of poppies, the most successful 1827 portrait of A. S. Pushkin and others.His portraits reflect the beauty of excitement, the refined inner world of images and the state of the soul. Contemporaries compared his work with the genres of lyric poetry, poetic dedication to friends, which was well known in Pushkin's time.
Kiprensky in many respects opened up new possibilities for himself in painting. Each of his portraits is distinguished by an ever new pictorial structure, well-chosen light and shadow, and a variety of contrasts. Orest Kiprensky eminent master portrait art, which gained particular fame among Russian artists.
(1791-1830) Master of Russian landscape romanticism and lyrical comprehension of nature. In more than forty of his paintings, Shchedrin depicted views of the Sorento. Among them are paintings of the Sorrento neighborhood. Evening, New Rome"Castle of the Holy Angel", the Mergellina Embankment in Naples, the Grand Harbor on the island of Capri, etc.Completely surrendering to the romance of the landscape and natural environment perception, Shchedrin, as it were, makes up for with his paintings, the fallen interest of the artists of that time in the landscape.
Shchedrin knew the dawn of his creativity and recognition. After graduating from the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, in 1818 he came to Italy and lived for more than 10 years in Rome, Naples, Amalfi and Sorrento, where he spent his recent months life. Having lived a short but creative life, Shchedrin was never able to return to Russia.
(1776-1857) A remarkable Russian artist, a native of serfs. His famous works paintings: Lacemaker, also Portrait of Pushkin A.S., engraver E.O. Skotnikova, An old man - a beggar, characterized by a slight color Portrait of the artist's son. 1826 paintings by Spinner, Goldsmith, these works especially attracted the attention of contemporaries. 1846Tropinin developed his own figurative style of portraiture, which characterizes a specific Moscow genre of painting. At that time Tropinin became central figure Moscow beau monde, his work is especially reflected in the 20s and 30s, which brought him celebrity.
His softly written portraits are distinguished by high pictorial merit and ease of perception, human images are perceived with characteristic truthfulness and calmness without much inner unrest.
(1780-1847) The founder of the peasant everyday genre in Russian painting, His famous portrait Reaper, painting > Reapers, Girl in a headscarf, Spring on arable land, Peasant woman with cornflowers, Zaharka and others. It can be especially emphasized about the painting Gumno, which attracted the attention of Emperor Alexander 1, he was touched vivid images peasants, truthfully conveyed by the artist.
The artist loved ordinary people, finding in this a certain lyricism, this was reflected in his paintings showing the difficult peasant life. his best works were created in the 20s. Venetsianov is a master of pastel, pencil and oil portraits, caricatures.
The style of the work is a student of Borovikovsky. In his paintings there are the most ordinary and simple scenes from village life: peasants in everyday and hard work, simple serf girls, in the harvest, or men in haymaking or plowing. The significance of Venetsianov's work in the visual arts is especially great, one of the first to establish the folk, peasant everyday genre.
(1799-1852) A master of historical painting, his painting The Last Day of Pompeii in the turmoil of the doomed inhabitants scatter from the fury of the volcano Vesuvius. The picture made a stunning impression on his contemporaries. He masterfully writes secular paintings, using the Horsewoman and portraits in bright coloristic moments in the composition of the picture, Countess Yu. P. Samoilova.His paintings and portraits are composed of contrasts of light and shadow. . Under the influence of traditional academic classicism, Karl Bryullov endowed his paintings with historical authenticity, romantic spirit and psychological truth.
Bryullov was an excellent master of the formal portrait, in which he brightly accentuated characteristic features of a person, In other portraits he uses a more restrained coloring, a portrait of the outstanding Russian sculptor I.P. Vitali, the Poet N.V. Kukolnik, the writer A.N. Strugovshchikov. In ceremonial portraits, he surpassed many artists of his time.
(1806-1858) Magnificent master of the historical genre. For about two decades, Ivanov worked on his main painting The Appearance of Christ to the People, emphasizing his passionate desire to depict the coming of Jesus Christ to earth. At the initial stage, these are the paintings of Apollo, Hyacinth and Cypress 1831-1833, the Appearance of Christ to Mary Magdalene after the resurrection of 1835.During his short life, Ivanov created many paintings, for each painting he writes many sketches of landscapes, portraits. He returned to his homeland in 1858, where he died of illness.
Ivanov, a man of extraordinary intelligence, always sought to show in his works the elements of popular movements in Russian history and deeply believed in the great future of Mother Russia. Being ahead of its time in the search for Russian realistic painting, the work of the great artist left an indelible mark of his skill for posterity.
(1815-1852) Master of the satirical direction in painting, who laid the foundation for critical realism V domestic genre. Fresh Cavalier 1847 and Picky Bride 1847Of all contemporary arts The most important thing for us, of course, is photography.
But let's not forget her predecessors - great artists, whose paintings remain unsurpassed role models for any creator who decides to capture the changing beauty of the surrounding world in their works. Let's remember those whose life was dedicated to the tireless search for beauty - Alexei Savrasov and Ivan Shishkin.
The fate of Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov is amazing and dramatic, he was the teacher of Isaac Levitan, but he is often called the "artist of one picture", he spent the last years in poverty oblivion. But it was the greatest Russian landscape painter.
Alexei Kondratievich was born on May 12, 1830 in the family of a Moscow merchant. Savrasov did not follow in the footsteps of his father - already in early youth his extraordinary abilities in painting manifested themselves, which determined the fate of the young man. In 1844 he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he studied until 1854.
In 1848, the Moscow Art Society in its report calls Savrasov a student who presented best sketches. Later, he will be called the hope of Russian art, and in 1850, for "View of the Moscow Kremlin in the moonlight" and "Stone in the forest near the Razliv", the Council of the Moscow Art Society assigns Savrasov the title of artist.
Savrasov in the summer of 1854, after graduating, paints his landscapes near the Gulf of Finland near St. Petersburg. And in the fall, at the exhibition, which was held at the Academy of Arts, he presents two of his paintings, for which he receives the title of academician. These were the canvases “View in the vicinity of Oranienbaum” and “ Coast near Oranienbaum.
Alexei Kondratievich mainly worked and lived in Moscow. There he actively takes part in the expositions of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions, from 1871 to 1875. At the end of 1871, it was there that his famous painting"The Rooks Have Arrived", which became whole era in Russian painting.
Sketches for "Rooks" Savrasov wrote in the village of Molvitino, Kostroma province. He completed the work already in his Moscow workshop. Pavel Tretyakov immediately bought this painting for his collection, and in 1872 Savrasov received an offer to paint the same painting again. It was “The Rooks Have Arrived” that was the painting that gave rise to Savrasov being called “the artist of one painting”.
From 1873 to 1878, Savrasov's paintings were presented at academic exhibitions. His work also appears at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873 and the Paris Exhibition of 1878. In 1882, Savrasov's paintings were presented at the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow. But this is already a period of Savrasov's life, painted with sad tones.
At the end of the 1870s, Savrasov's eyesight deteriorated, he became seriously ill and could not work in the same mode, he exhibited less and less, and his family broke up.
When in 1882, after the death of Perov, who “covered” him, Savrasov was fired, then deprived of a government apartment, the artist was forced to wander and live in slums. He spent his last years in poverty and died in a Moscow hospital for the poor on September 26, 1897.
http://alexey-savrasov.ru/malceva.php — F. Maltseva about Alexey Savrasov.
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - the poet of the Russian forest - was born on January 13, 1832 in the city of Yelabuga, in the Vyatka province. The son of a merchant, he came from an ancient Vyatka family.
At the age of twelve he was appointed as a student in the 1st Kazan gymnasium. Having studied there until the fifth grade, Ivan Shishkin leaves his studies and, driven by dreams about art, enters the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1852.
After graduating from the college course, Shishkin continues to receive education already at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts from 1856 to 1865. Ivan Ivanovich is closely engaged in self-improvement, not limited to academic studies. He draws a lot, and also writes sketches from nature. His favorite views are the surroundings of St. Petersburg and the island of Valaam.
The skill of the artist in possession of a pencil and a brush is honed. Shishkin receives in 1860 for two types of the Kukko area, which was located on Valaam, a large gold medal. This award also gave the right to go abroad as a pensioner of the academy.
In 1861, Ivan Shishkin went to Munich, in 1861 he moved to Zurich, where he first tried to engrave "strong vodka". In addition, in Zurich, under the auspices of one of the best animal depicters - Professor Koller - Ivan Ivanovich draws and writes from nature.
This was followed by an excursion to Geneva, acquaintance with the works of Didet and Calama. Then there was a move to Düsseldorf, where, by order of Bykov, Shishkin wrote “View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf”. When the painting was sent to St. Petersburg, the artist was immediately awarded the title of academician.
Ivan Ivanovich, yearning for his homeland, returned to St. Petersburg ahead of schedule in 1866. Shishkin takes an active part in the then established Association of Traveling Exhibitions. And in 1870 the artist joins the circle of aquafortists that was then formed in St. Petersburg. He again tries his hand at engraving with "royal vodka". He did not leave this occupation until last days life, gave him a lot of time, as well as painting.
The artist owned a manor in the village of Vyra, where he spent a lot of time and worked. In 1873, the Academy acquired Shishkin's painting "Forest Wilderness". For this work, he is elevated to a professorship.
In 1892, after the new charter of the academy began to operate, Ivan Shishkin was invited as the head of the educational landscape workshop. But he was in this position, for a number of reasons, not for long.
The great Shishkin suddenly died at the easel, he was working on new painting. It happened in St. Petersburg on March 8, 1898.
http://tphv.ru/shishkin.php - Ivan Shishkin on the website of the Association of Travelers Art Exhibitions. Biography, gallery of pictures, articles about the creation of the artist.
