What literary genre does the poem belong to? Literary genres and genera: features and classification

The type of literature is large group works of art, united by historically recurring, common, typological properties. These properties include the generality of the object of the image (that is, the external world or the consciousness of a person), the nature of the author's attitude to reality, the principles of depiction in the literature of a person, as well as the artistic means available to the writer.

There are three kinds of literature. They were scheduled in Ancient Greece: mention of them can be found in Aristotle's treatise called "Poetics". This work dates back to 335 BC. Literary genres include epic, drama and lyrics. Let's describe each of them. Genres and genres of literature are the subject of this article.

Epos as a literary genre

The term "epos" comes from the ancient Greek word meaning "speech", "word". The epic as a kind of literature has the following feature: the object of the image can be any phenomena of reality (objects, events, people) in complex relationships and relationships, as well as the inner world various people. The story is its foundation. In principle, it has no limitations in space and time. The possibilities of depicting the psychology of people, the objective world, and the moods of the authors themselves are practically unlimited. The main genres that belong to the lyrics are a poem, a short story, a short story, a story, a novel.

Drama

Drama belongs to the genres of literature, as we have already mentioned. Let us dwell in more detail on this literary genus. Its name comes from the ancient Greek word for "action". In this literary genus, the potential object that can act as a subject of the image is as diverse as in the epic. In dramaturgy, people can be shown in the sphere of everyday, private or public relations, as well as customs, life, events, historical eras and social environment.

The proximity of drama to the spectacular varieties of art

Such a literary genre as dramaturgy is closest to the various spectacular varieties of art. This is the "outpost" of literature among its other types, since in the play the art of the word opens up the possibility of the intervention of cinema or theater. The authors of dramatic works take into account the necessity, desirability or possibility of their embodiment on stage (settings, direction, acting, sometimes light and music; in addition, any play contains a kind of poster for the public - a list actors). The full artistic qualities of works belonging to this genus are revealed in the performance. They are present in a collapsed form in the text.

Many of the characteristics of drama compared to various epics are due to its association with the theater (as well as with radio, television, and cinema in the twentieth century). Drama as a kind of literature has the following feature - the absence of a narrative, that is, the impossibility of author's descriptions characteristic of the epic, as well as direct psychological characteristics and author's assessments of the characters. Each person taking part in the action is here the subject of some statement: a replica, or a monologue. They form an exchange of remarks, or a dialogue.

The genres of dramaturgy are comedy, tragedy and drama.

Lyrics as a literary genre

The term "lyric" comes from the ancient Greek word for "the name of a musical instrument". This kind of literature expresses the inner world of man in all its diversity. Experiences, feelings, thoughts, emotions, moods, as well as any mental states can be embodied in a lyrical work. It can be said by approximate analogy with dramaturgy and epic that it is in the lyrics that the main object is the inner world of people.

Subjective in lyrics

The objective, the objective in a work belonging to this genus, is most often, as it were, dissolved in the subjective. Relationships between people, events, object world, as well as all forms of life, dramatically change their meaning and outlines when they find themselves in a difficult synthesis with various manifestations human feelings. Characteristic for dramaturgy and epic external pictoriality recedes into the background in the lyrics. For a writer whose works relate to this literary genre, a completely different task becomes the most significant - to express the inexpressible in artistic word, reveal the soul of man.

Subjectivity is the main characteristic feature of lyrics. This kind of literature is personal and concrete. He is like a blind inner peace one person, even if it reflects universal or collective ideas, emotions or moods.

At the same time, the inner world of people appears in the lyrics as something uniquely individual, deeply personal.

Lyrics and poems

The type of literature is determined not only by formal features. Therefore, two terms should be distinguished: "lyrics" and "poems". The expressive and figurative possibilities of various words in most works belonging to this genus are complemented by the expressiveness of rhythmic, measured speech. Lyrics are mostly poetry. However, do not confuse the concepts of "poems" and "lyrics", as this is a mistake. Dramatic and epic works can also be written in verse, and prose in lyrics. In this case, they are often called lyrical fragments, lyrical miniatures, songs. For example, Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev lyrical works called prose poems.

Lyrical subject

The lyrical subject is a person, spiritual world which is revealed in the work. He talks about himself, as well as about nature, about other people. However, no matter what the story says, main goal statements remains exactly "I" this person. All impressions of the outside world, reflected in the lyrics, lead the reader to a single goal - in individual world emotions, experiences, thoughts of an individual. Inherent to all, the general is, as it were, dissolved in the concrete, the particular, and thanks to this begins to live a different life.

Lyrical subject and author of the work

It should be noted that the lyrical subject does not necessarily coincide with the author of the work. Differences may affect how external biography and internal qualities. If the differences between the lyrical subject and the poet are obvious, we can talk about the so-called lyrical hero of the work. If the subject basically coincides with the author himself, it is more correct to call him a poet or use the name of the author in the analysis. Such lyrics reflect the inner world of its creator, and therefore it is called autopsychological.

The genres included in this kind of literature are madrigal, elegy, epigram, satire, friendly poetic message, ode, sonnet.

The concept of "genre"

This term comes from the French word for "species", "genus". This is a type of works of art, historically repeating, formed in the process of development. literary creativity. Genera and genres of literature should be distinguished. The latter are distinguished by a number of formal and substantive features, which are necessarily sustainable. Of these, the most important are the following:

Belonging of a work to a certain literary genre (drama, lyrics, epic);

Features of the content that are repeated in a number of others and do not depend on the individuality of the author (the type of conflict, the principles of portraying characters, the problems, as well as the nature of the author's understanding of reality). In contrast to the concept of "content", which characterizes only one side of the work, the sides common to creations of the same genre are usually called "genre content";

Differences in the volume of literary works;

- the type of speech that is used in them (poetic or prose).

Features of the genre definition

The above features form the basis for the classification by genre of works within a separate genus. As you remember, there are three kinds of literature. However, it is not important for every genre to take into account the totality of these features. Thus, for example, the varieties of lyricism and dramaturgy can be quite clearly defined on the basis of just some of these features (formal or meaningful). Big role tradition plays, much also depends on the interaction in the literary process, as well as within the genera of various genres.

Literary genera and literary genres are the most powerful means to ensure unity and continuity literary process. They concern characteristic features conducting the narrative, the plot, the author's position and the relationship of the narrator with the reader.

V. G. Belinsky is considered the founder of Russian literary criticism, but even in antiquity, Aristotle made a serious contribution to the concept of literary gender, which Belinsky later scientifically substantiated.

So, the types of literature are called numerous sets of works of art (texts), which differ in the type of relation of the speaker to the artistic whole. There are 3 genera:

• epic;
• Lyrics;
• Drama.

The epic as a kind of literature aims to tell in as much detail as possible about an object, phenomenon or event, about the circumstances associated with them, the conditions of existence. The author, as it were, is removed from what is happening and acts as a narrator-narrator. The main thing in the text is the story itself.

The lyrics aim to tell not so much about the events, but about the impressions and feelings that the author has experienced and is experiencing. The main image will be the image of the inner world and the human soul. Impression and experience are the main events of the lyrics. This kind of literature is dominated by poetry..

The drama tries to depict the subject in action and show it on theater stage, present the described in the environment of other phenomena. The author's text is visible here only in remarks - brief explanations to the actions and replicas of the characters. Sometimes the author's position is reflected by a special reasoning hero.

Each type of literature includes several genres.

Literary genres

Genre is a group of works united by historically characteristic common features form and content. Genres include novel, poem, short story, epigram and many others.

However, between the concept of "genre" and "genus" there is an intermediate - type. This is a less broad concept than a genus, but wider than a genre. Although sometimes the term "kind" is identified with the term "genre". If we distinguish between these concepts, then the novel will be considered a kind fiction, and its varieties (dystopian novel, adventure novel, fantasy novel) - genres.

Example: genus - epic, type - story, genre - Christmas story.

Types of literature and their genres, table.

Modern literary critics single out 4 kinds of literature - lyroepic (lyroepos). A poem is attributed to him. On the one hand, the poem tells about the feelings and experiences of the protagonist, and on the other hand, it describes the history, events, circumstances in which the hero lives.

The poem has a plot-narrative organization, it describes many experiences of the protagonist. The main feature is the presence, along with a clearly structured storyline, of multiple lyrical digressions or paying attention to the inner world of the character.

The lyric-epic genres include the ballad. It has an unusual, dynamic and extremely tense plot. It is characterized by a poetic form, it is a story in verse. May be historical, heroic, or mythical. The plot is often borrowed from folklore.

The text of an epic work is strictly plot-driven, focused on events, characters and circumstances. It is based on storytelling, not on experience. The events described by the author are separated from him, as a rule, by a long period of time, which allows him to be impartial and objective. The author's position can manifest itself in lyrical digressions. However, in pure epic works they are missing.

Events are described in the past tense. The story is unhurried, unhurried, measured. The world appears complete and fully known. Many detailed details, great thoroughness.

Major epic genres

An epic novel can be called a work covering a long period in history, describing many heroes, with intertwining storylines. It has large volume. Roman is the most popular genre Nowadays. Most of the books on the shelves in bookstores are of the novel genre.

The story is classified either as a small or medium genre, it concentrates on one storyline, on the fate of a particular hero.

Small genres of epic

The story embodies small literary genres. This is the so-called intensive prose, in which, due to its small volume, there are no detailed descriptions, enumeration and abundance of details. The author is trying to convey a specific idea to the reader, and the entire text is aimed at revealing this idea.

The stories are characterized by the following features:

• Small volume.
• In the center of the plot is a specific event.
• A small number of heroes - 1, a maximum of 2-3 central characters.
• It has a specific theme, which is devoted to the entire text.
• It aims to answer a specific question, the rest are secondary and, as a rule, are not disclosed.

Nowadays, it is practically impossible to determine where the story is and where the short story is, although these genres have completely different origin. At the dawn of its appearance, the short story was a short dynamic work with an entertaining plot, accompanied by anecdotal situations. It lacked psychology.

Essay is a genre of non-fiction based on real facts. However, very often an essay can be called a story and vice versa. There won't be a big mistake here.

IN literary tale a fairy-tale narrative is stylized, it often reflects the mood of the whole society, some political ideas sound.

Lyrics are subjective. Addressed to the inner world of the hero or the author himself. This kind of literature is characterized by emotional interest, psychologism. The plot fades into the background. It is not the events and phenomena that are happening themselves that are important, but the attitude of the hero towards them, how they affect him. Events often reflect the state of the character's inner world. The lyrics have a completely different attitude to time, it seems as if it does not exist, and all events take place exclusively in the present.

Lyric genres

The main genres of poems, the list of which can be continued:

• Ode is a solemn poem intended to praise and exalt
• hero (historical figure).
• Elegy is a poetic work with sadness as the dominant mood, which is a reflection on the meaning of life against the backdrop of a landscape.
• Satire is a caustic and accusatory work, to poetic satirical genres refer to the epigram.
• An epitaph is a piece of poetry written on the occasion of the death of someone. Often becomes an inscription on a tombstone.
• Madrigal - a small message to a friend, usually containing a hymn.
• Epithalama is a wedding hymn.
• The message is a verse written in the form of a letter, implying openness.
• Sonnet - strict poetic genre, requiring strict observance of the form. Consists of 14 lines: 2 quatrains, and 2 tertiary.

To understand the drama, it is important to understand the source and nature of its conflict. Drama is always aimed at a direct portrayal; dramatic works are written to be staged. The only means of revealing the character of the hero in the drama is his speech. The hero, as it were, lives in the spoken word, which reflects his entire inner world.

The action in a drama (play) develops from the present to the future. Although events take place in the present, they are not completed, they are directed to the future. Since dramatic works are aimed at staging them on the stage, each of them implies spectacle.

Dramatic works

Tragedy, comedy and farce are genres of drama.

In the center classic tragedy irreconcilable eternal conflict, which is inevitable. Often the tragedy ends with the death of the heroes who failed to resolve this conflict, but death is not a genre-defining factor, since it can be present in both comedy and drama.

Comedy is characterized by humorous or satirical image reality. The conflict is specific and usually resolvable. There is a comedy of characters and a sitcom. They differ in the source of comedy: in the first case, the situations in which the characters find themselves are funny, and in the second, the characters themselves. Often these 2 types of comedy overlap with each other.

Modern dramaturgy gravitates towards genre modifications. A farce is a deliberately comical work in which attention is focused on comic elements. Vaudeville - light comedy with a simple plot and a clearly traced author's style.

It is not worth the path of drama as a kind of literature and drama as a literary genre. In the second case, the drama is characterized by an acute conflict, which is less global, irreconcilable and insoluble than tragic conflict. In the center of the work - the relationship between man and society. The drama is realistic and close to life.

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Literary genera and genres (theory of literary criticism)

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Literary genus - a group of literary works, singled out according to a number of unity of features.

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Lyrics is a kind of literature that reflects life by depicting individual states, thoughts, feelings, impressions and experiences of a person. Feature- poetic speech, rhythm, lack of plot, small size.

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The epic is coherent story about certain events that are as close as possible to objectivity. The epic is characterized by the reproduction of an action unfolding in space and time. specific trait The epic is that the author (or narrator) himself reports the events and their details as something past and remembered, along the way resorting to descriptions of the situation of the action and the appearance of the characters, and sometimes to reasoning. The epic narration is conducted on behalf of the narrator, a kind of intermediary between the depicted and the listener (reader).

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Drama is a kind of literature that reflects life in the action (actions and experiences) of people. Designed to be performed on stage. The action is shown through the conflict that lies at the center of the dramatic work, defining all the structural elements. dramatic action. Dramatic conflict, reflecting specific historical and universal contradictions, revealing the essence of time, social relations, is embodied in the behavior and actions of the characters, and, above all, in dialogues, monologues, replicas.

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Lyroepic is one of the four types of literature in the traditional classification. In lyrical works art world the reader observes and evaluates from the outside as a plot narrative, but at the same time events and characters receive a certain emotional assessment of the narrator.

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Epic (ancient Greek “word, narration” + “I create”) is a generic designation for large epic and similar works: An extensive narrative in verse or prose about outstanding national historical events. A complex, long history of something, including a number of major events. A novel is a work in which the narrative is focused on the fate of an individual in the process of its formation and development. According to Belinsky, a novel is an "epos privacy"(for example, "Oblomov" by A. Goncharov, "Fathers and Sons" by I. Turgenev). more story, novels. If in the novel the center of gravity lies in the holistic action, in the actual and psychological movement of the plot, then in the story the main burden is often transferred to the static components of the work - situations, states of mind, landscapes, descriptions, etc. (eg "Steppe"). Novella - small prose genre, comparable in volume to the story (which sometimes gives rise to their identification - there is a point of view on the short story as a kind of story), but differs from it in a sharp centripetal plot, often paradoxical, lack of descriptiveness and compositional rigor (for example, A. Chekhov's stories , N. Gogol, " dark woods"I. Bunina). The story is a small epic genre form fiction - a small prose work in terms of the volume of the depicted phenomena of life, and hence in terms of the volume of the text.

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Fable - poetic or prose literary work moralizing, satirical. At the end of the fable there is a brief moralizing conclusion - the so-called morality. The actors are usually animals, plants, things. In the fable, the vices of people are ridiculed. The fable is one of the oldest literary genres. Epics (starins) - heroic-patriotic songs-tales that tell about the exploits of heroes and reflect life Ancient Rus' IX-XIII centuries; kind of oral folk art, which is inherent in the song-epic way of reflecting reality. The main plot of the epic is some heroic event, or a remarkable episode of Russian history (hence vernacular name epics - “old man”, “old woman”, implying that the action in question took place in the past). Fairy tale literary - epic genre: a fiction-oriented work closely associated with folk tale, but, unlike it, belongs to a specific author, did not exist before publication in oral and had no options.

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Myth is a legend that conveys people's ideas about the world, the place of man in it, about the origin of all things, about gods and heroes. Legend (from the Middle Latin “reading”, “readable”, “collection of liturgical passages for daily service”) is one of the varieties of fabulous prose folklore. Written tradition about some historical events or personalities. IN figuratively refers to glorious, admirable events of the past, depicted in fairy tales, stories, etc. As a rule, it contains additional religious or social pathos. Essay - one of all varieties of small form epic literature- a story that is different from its other form, a short story, by the absence of a single, acute and quickly resolved conflict and a greater development of a descriptive image. Both differences depend on the features of the problematics of the essay. Essay literature does not touch on the problems of the formation of the character of the individual in its conflicts with the established public environment, as is inherent in the short story (and the novel), and the problems of the civil and moral state of the "environment" (usually embodied in individuals) - "moral descriptive" problems; it has great educational diversity. Essay literature usually combines features of fiction and journalism.

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1. Ode - a glorifying genre, a solemn lyrical poem, glorifying heroic deed. It goes back to the traditions of classicism. For example, the ode "Liberty". 2. Elegy - a genre of romantic poetry, a poem riddled with sadness, sad thoughts about life, fate, your dream. For example, "The light of day went out ...". 3. Message - an appeal to another person. A genre unrelated to a particular tradition. Pushkin's epistles are based on the combination of the personal beginning with the public, civil beginning. Broader in scope than specific life situation. For example "To Chaadaev". 4. An epigram is a satirical poem addressed to a specific person. For example, "on Vorontsov". 5. Song - The genre goes back to the traditions of oral folk art. For example "song Western Slavs". 6. Romance - for example, "I'm here, Inezilla ...". 7. Sonnet - for example, "Severe Dante did not despise advice ...".

Genera and genres

epic - (from the Greek epos - word, narrative, story) - one of the three main types of literature, in contrast to the lyric drama, highlighting objective depiction of reality, the author's description of events unfolding in space and time, a story about various phenomena of life, people, their destinies, characters, actions, etc. A special role in the works of epic genres is played by the narrator (author-narrator or narrator), who reports on events, their development, about the characters, about their lives, while separating himself from the depicted. Depending on the temporal scope of events, there are major genres epic - epic, novel, epic poem, or epic poem; medium - story and small - story, short story, essay. TO epic kind also include some genres of oral folk art: a fairy tale, an epic, a fable.

Novel - ( from the French roman - originally: a work written in one of the Romance (i.e. modern, living) languages, as opposed to written in Latin) - the epic genre: a large epic work that comprehensively depicts the life of people in certain period time or for a whole human life. The characteristic properties of the novel are: the multilinear plot, covering the fate of a number of characters; the presence of a system of equivalent characters; coverage great circle life phenomena, staging public significant issues; significant duration of action.

A story is a small epic genre: a prose work of a small volume, in which, as a rule, one or more events of the hero's life are depicted. The circle of characters in the story is limited, the described action is short in time. Sometimes a storyteller may be present in a work of this genre. The masters of the story were A.P. Chekhov, V.V. Nabokov, A.P. Platonov, K.G. Paustovsky, O.P. Kazakov, V.M. Shukshin.

The story is an average (between the story and the novel) epic genre, which presents a number of episodes from the life of the hero (heroes). In terms of volume, the story is larger than a story and more broadly depicts reality, drawing a chain of episodes that make up a certain period in the life of the main character, it has more events and characters, however, unlike the novel, as a rule, there is one storyline.

The epic is the largest genre form of the epic. The epic is characterized by:

1. A wide coverage of the phenomena of reality, the image of the life of the people at a historically significant, turning point

2. Global problems of universal significance are raised

3. Nationality content

4. Multiple storylines

5. Very often - reliance on history and folklore

Journey is a literary genre based on the description of the hero's wanderings. This may be information about the countries and peoples seen by the traveler in the form of travel diaries, notes, essays, and so on.

epistolary genre- a genre of literary work, which is characterized by the form of personal letters.

Confession is a literary genre that can be epic or lyrical in nature. One of the seven Christian sacraments, which also includes baptism, communion, chrismation, marriage, etc. Confession demanded from a person complete sincerity, the desire to get rid of sins, repentance. Penetrating into the art literature, confession acquired a didactic connotation, becoming a kind of act of public repentance (for example, in J. J. Rousseau, N. V. Gogol, L. N. Tolstoy). But at the same time, confession was also a means of moral self-affirmation of the individual. As a genre of lyric poetry, poetry was developed by the romantics. Confession is akin to a diary, but unlike it, it is not attached to the Ph.D. place and time.

Lyrics - one of the three main types of literature, highlighting the subjective image of reality: individual states, thoughts, feelings, impressions of the author caused by certain circumstances, impressions. In lyrics, life is reflected in the experiences of the poet (or lyrical hero): it is not narrated, but an image-experience is created. The most important property lyrics is the ability to convey a single (feeling, state) as a universal. Characteristic features of the lyrics: poetic form, rhythm, lack of plot, small size.

elegy - genre of lyrics: a poem of meditative (from lat. meditatio - in-depth reflection) or emotional content, conveying deeply personal, intimate experiences of a person, as a rule, imbued with moods of sadness, light sadness. Most often written in the first person. The most common themes of the elegy are the contemplation of nature, accompanied by philosophical reflections, love, as a rule, unrequited, life and death, etc. This genre that arose in antiquity was most popular in the poetry of sentimentalism and romanticism, the elegies of V.A. Zhukovsky, K.N. Batyushkova, A.A. Pushkin, E.A. Baratynsky, N.M. Yazykov.

Message - a poetic genre: a poetic letter, a work written in the form of an appeal to someone and containing appeals, requests, wishes, etc. ("To Chaadaev", "Message to the Censor" by A.S. Pushkin; "Message to proletarian poets "V.V. Mayakovsky). There are lyrical, friendly, satirical, journalistic, etc.

Eat lyric-epic genres at the intersection of lyrics and epic. From the lyrics they have a subjective beginning, a pronounced author's emotion, from the epic - the presence of a plot, a story about events. Lyroepic genres gravitate toward the poetic form. A larger lyrical epic genre is a poem, a smaller one is a ballad

poem - lyrical-epic genre: a large or medium-sized poetic work (poetic story, novel in verse), the main features of which are the presence of a plot (as in an epic) and the image of a lyrical hero (as in lyrics)

Ballad is a genre of lyrical-epic poetry: a narrative song or poem of relatively small volume, with a dynamic development of the plot, the basis of which is an extraordinary event. Often in the ballad there is an element of the mysterious, fantastic, inexplicable, unspoken, even tragically insoluble. By origin, ballads are connected with legends, folk legends, connect the features of the story and the song. Ballads are one of the main genres in the poetry of sentimentalism and romanticism. For example: ballads by V.A. Zhukovsky, M.Yu. Lermontov.

Drama - one of the three main types of literature, reflecting life in actions taking place in the present. These are works intended to be staged. The dramatic genre includes tragedies, comedies, dramas proper, melodramas and vaudevilles.

Tragedy - ( from the Greek tragodia - goat song< греч. tragos - козел и ode - песнь ) is one of the main genres of drama: a play that depicts extremely sharp, often insoluble life contradictions. The plot of the tragedy is based on the irreconcilable conflict of the Hero, strong personality, with transpersonal forces (fate, state, elements, etc.) or with oneself. In this struggle, the hero, as a rule, dies, but wins a moral victory. The purpose of the tragedy is to cause shock in the viewer by what they see, which, in turn, gives rise to sorrow and compassion in their hearts: such state of mind leads to catharsis - cleansing through shock.

Comedy - ( from the Greek from komos - a cheerful crowd, a procession at the Dionysian festivals and odie - a song) is one of the leading genres of drama: a work based on the ridicule of social and human imperfections.

Drama is (in the narrow sense) one of the leading genres of dramaturgy; a literary work written in the form of a dialogue of characters. Designed to be performed on stage. Focused on spectacular expression. The relationship of people, the conflicts that arise between them are revealed through the actions of the characters and are embodied in a monologue-dialogical form. Unlike tragedy, drama does not end in catharsis.

Literature is called works of human thought, enshrined in the written word and having a social meaning. Any literary work, depending on HOW the writer depicts reality in it, is attributed to one of three literary genera: epic, lyric or drama.

epic (from the Greek. "narration") - a generalized name for works in which events external to the author are depicted.

Lyrics (from the Greek "performed to the lyre") - the generalized name of works - as a rule, poetic, in which there is no plot, but the thoughts, feelings, experiences of the author (lyrical hero) are reflected.

Drama (from Greek "action") - a generalized name for works in which life is shown through conflicts and clashes of heroes. Dramatic works are intended not so much for reading as for staging. In drama, it is not the external action that matters, but the experience. conflict situation. In drama, epic (narration) and lyrics are merged into one.

Within each type of literature, there are genres- historically established types of works, characterized by certain structural and content features (see table of genres).

Tragedy (from Greek "goat song") - dramatic work with an insurmountable conflict, where an intense struggle is depicted strong characters and passions, ending with the death of the hero.

Comedy (from the Greek. "fun song") - a dramatic work with a cheerful, funny plot, usually ridiculing social or domestic vices.

Drama is a literary work in the form of a dialogue with a serious plot, depicting a personality in its dramatic relationship with society.

Vaudeville - a light comedy with singing couplets and dancing.

Farce – theatrical play light, playful character with external comic effects, designed for rough taste.

Oh yeah (from Greek “song”) - a choral, solemn song, a work that glorifies, praises any significant event or heroic person.

Hymn (from Greek “praise”) - a solemn song to verse programmatic. Initially, hymns were dedicated to the gods. The anthem is currently one of the national symbols states.

Epigram (from the Greek. "Inscription") - a short satirical poem of a mocking nature, which arose in the 3rd century BC. e.

Elegy - a genre of lyrics dedicated to sad thoughts or lyric poem filled with sadness. Belinsky called an elegy "a song sad content". The word "elegy" is translated as "reed flute" or "mournful song". The elegy originated in ancient Greece in the 7th century BC. e.

Message - a letter of poetry specific person, request, wish.

Sonnet (from Provence. "song") - a poem of 14 lines, which has a certain rhyming system and strict stylistic laws. The sonnet originated in Italy in the 13th century (the creator is the poet Jacopo da Lentini), appeared in England in the first half of the 16th century (G. Sarri), and in Russia in the 18th century. The main types of the sonnet are Italian (from 2 quatrains and 2 tercets) and English (from 3 quatrains and the final couplet).

Poem (from the Greek “I do, I create”) - a lyrical-epic genre, a large poetic work with a narrative or lyrical plot, usually on a historical or legendary theme.

Ballad - lyrical-epic genre, plot song of dramatic content.

epic - large piece of art narrating significant historical events. In ancient times - a narrative poem of heroic content. In the literature of the 19th and 20th centuries, the epic novel genre appears - this is a work in which the formation of the characters of the main characters occurs in the course of their participation in historical events.

Novel - a large narrative work of art with complex plot, in the center of which is the fate of the individual.

Tale - a work of art that occupies a middle position between a novel and a short story in terms of volume and complexity of the plot. In ancient times, everything was called a story. narrative work.

Story - a work of art of a small size, based on an episode, an incident from the life of a hero.

Fairy tale - a work about fictional events and heroes, usually with the participation of magical, fantastic forces.

Fable - This is a narrative work in poetic form, of a small size, moralizing or satirical nature.