How do I switch to intuitive eating? General about nutrition and health

Many people dream of losing weight without significant food restrictions, and this has become possible thanks to new system called "intuitive eating". Its basic principle is that the body knows what it needs to work properly, so you need to listen to your desires.

What does intuitive eating mean?

There are many examples when a person exhausts himself with diets and physical activity but does not achieve the desired result. This is due to the fact that the body simply protests such restrictions. The psychology of overeating and intuitive eating are directly interconnected, since this technique allows the use of all products in the quantity required by the body. Perfect option but it looks unrealistic. Suggested by Stephen Hawkes intuitive nutrition after he experienced it for himself. He claims that you can achieve results if you learn:

• recognize the signals of your own body;
• control your appetite;
• understand when hunger strikes and when overeating is felt.

Intuitive Eating - Principles and Rules

There are certain principles that help you learn to understand your body and lose weight:

1. Avoid diets completely, as temporary food restrictions only give short-term results.
2. Do not ignore, because the body may think that a crisis has come and you need to stock up for the future. In addition, it is important to understand that hunger and appetite are two different things. The principles of intuitive eating are based on fractional eating, and the serving should be approximately 200 g.
3. No need to take food as the main culprit overweight. Do not scold yourself for the desire to eat sweets, because this is how the body signals a lack of glucose.
4. Intuitive Eating based on the recognition of satiety. Use a scale from 1 ( strong feeling hunger) to 10 (overeating). You should focus on the value of 5-6 points.
5. Do not take food as the main joy in life. It is important to adjust to enjoying quality, not quantity.
6. Intuitive eating, the rules of which are simple and clear, involves the rejection of stress eating and reward through food. Instead of a cake, it's better to buy a new dress, and from bad mood get rid of with the help of music and so on.
7. Love yourself with all the flaws, because you can lose weight only with a positive attitude.

Intuitive Eating or Healthy Eating?

In fact, it is wrong to compare these concepts, since they are very similar. The thing is that many have the wrong idea about proper nutrition, because this is not a strict diet at all, but the principle when a person eats healthy foods. The best solution, according to experts, is intuitive eating, the menu of which is based on the principles healthy diet. The only clarification, if you really want to eat an unhealthy burger or chocolate bar, then do not deny yourself the pleasure.

Cons of Intuitive Eating

The disadvantages of this method of nutrition are insignificant, so it is worth noting the difficulty in compiling a diet. Its author does not offer a menu, so you have to do everything yourself, focusing on the existing rules and foundations balanced nutrition. Many, describing the disadvantages of intuitive eating, note that you should always have “favorite dishes” on hand so as not to lean on buns, fast food, and so on.

The Intuitive Eating System is designed for advanced and smart people who have a good understanding of their desires and so on. Another disadvantage of this technique is the lack of discipline, which increases the risk of breaking loose. The developer has not provided any restrictions on the time, frequency and amount of food, so there is always a temptation to break loose and eat something extra. In addition, there is no exact figure that people who want to lose weight should be guided by.

How to switch to intuitive eating?

Taking the first step is difficult, so to switch to intuitive eating, it is recommended to focus on the following rules:

1. You need to eat at the table, protecting yourself from all distractions, that is, TV, the Internet and conversations on serious topics. All attention should be focused on food.
2. Switching to intuitive eating means that you should sit down to the table only when you feel hungry, but when the first signs of satiety appear, you need to immediately get up from the table.
3. Determine your taste preferences and before each meal, ask yourself the question of what you want to eat.
4. Start moving more, and the result of intuitive eating will be even better. Choose a direction in sports that will bring pleasure.

Intuitive Eating Exercises

There are various tricks that will help facilitate the transition to a new menu. It is recommended to create a personal hunger scale. For this intuitive eating exercise, you need to draw or print a ruler, opposite which you should write different levels of sensations, for example, “hunger”, “full”, “overeated”, and so on. Opposite each gradation, describe your own sensations in the body. Throughout the day, it is important to constantly refer to this scale to determine the intensity of hunger.

Intuitive Eating Diary

Starting to eat based on your own feelings is not easy, because it is very difficult to get rid of thoughts about food. To give intuitive eating results, it is recommended to keep a diary, where you should write down the list of foods eaten and your own feelings while eating them. After some time, it will be possible to conduct an analysis to understand when the metabolism is active, when the food is digested for a long time and there is a feeling of heaviness, which provokes appetite even more, and so on. Keep recording the sensations, making adjustments.

Intuitive Nutrition for Weight Loss

It is worth saying that the presented technique does not help all people to lose weight, since not everyone is able to correctly follow the basic principles of intuitive eating. In addition, it should be noted that it is not suitable for people who are predisposed to set excess weight. For those who are interested in how to lose weight on intuitive eating, it is important to know that people who find good results achieve. While following the rules of a healthy diet, do not forget to indulge yourself with tasty treats.

Intuitive Eating Books

If you are interested in the presented method of losing weight, then it is recommended to read the following books:

1. Svetlana Bronnikova " Intuitive eating. How to stop worrying about food and lose weight". The most popular book among people who want to find harmony in their relationship with food. According to reviews, the information presented in this work helps to understand yourself and your body and change your attitude to food.
2. Evelyn Tribol: book " Intuitive eating. A revolutionary new approach to nutrition". The author of this work worked alongside the founder of this movement. The book helps to take a different look at your diet, learn to live intelligently and inspired.
3. Dr. Mazourik Intuitive eating. How to ensure weight loss?". The author of the book own example talks about how he was able to change his eating habits and lose weight. On the pages in plain language the mechanisms of hunger and satiety are described, as well as other rules of intuitive eating. The author focuses on the problem of emotional overeating.

IN Lately the issue of excess weight among people is being raised more and more acutely - mass obesity, like a kind of analogue of the bubonic plague, captures entire families, interfering with a full life and, most importantly, worsening health. But there is a way out - this is intuitive eating. It will help you eat right, while not denying yourself anything. Let's figure out how to get there.

How to Switch to Intuitive Eating

Intuitive nutrition by Svetlana Bronnikova

Intuitive eating originated in the United States and then spread throughout the world. She came to Russia not so long ago, but she has already found her fans among ordinary people and among nutritionists and psychologists. In Russia, Svetlana Bronnikova is one of the representatives of the intuitive eating methodology, who recently published a book on this principle of nutrition, the number of readers of which is increasing every day.

Svetlana Bronnikova is an experienced psychotherapist and clinical psychologist who studies the relationship between human inner experiences and their influence on appearance. Svetlana for a long time lived in the Netherlands, heading one of the largest clinics for the treatment of overweight people. She devoted most of her life to studying the connections between lifestyle, thoughts and health.

Svetlana is firmly convinced that without being an emotionally balanced person, it is impossible to maintain balance in her appearance.

Harmony inside leads to harmony outside, internal dependence on food, as a source of joy and pleasure, leads to dire consequences for the whole organism.

What is Intuitive Eating Technique?

First of all, it is worth noting that Svetlana is firmly convinced that a fierce struggle with overweight leads to a struggle with your body and health. It is the struggle that can be called exhausting training in sports clubs, depressing with their scarcity diets on some cucumbers and lean rice, constant scourging of oneself in front of a mirror and absolute dissatisfaction with one's body.

As Svetlana's psychotherapeutic experience shows, the external manifestations of the so-called "weight loss" will not bring any results while the source of the problem itself is sitting inside. It may consist in a shaky emotional state, provoking frequent stress, breakdowns or depression, as well as problems with digestive system. However, any problems can be solved by learning to respect yourself and live in harmony with your body. It is about the ways of gaining control over your eating habits and desires that Svetlana Bronnikova talks about.

So what is intuitive eating? First of all, it is worth saying that this is not a diet and not a new method of deceiving your body. In general, intuitive eating is something that is "recommended" by nature and that was forgotten by people a long time ago.

Intuitive eating is a method of rational food consumption, so to speak, at the “call” of the body itself.

Often we eat without paying attention to whether we are really hungry. Intuitive eating teaches us to listen to the desires of our body and give it directly what it wants.

Fundamentals of Intuitive Eating

1. No diets and violence against your own body. Diets either do not help at all, or help, but for a short time. In both cases, you get a whole set - stress, a feeling of eternal hunger, excess weight returning a hundredfold.
2. Treat your hunger with sensitivity and understanding and satisfy it at the earliest opportunity. Intuitive eating involves an adequate attitude to hunger and food. Do not try to eat every half an hour, but do not delay eating too long, because in both cases you will give your body not the amount of energy in which it actually is.
3. Stop blaming yourself for your love of food. Shame, disappointment, and low spirits are the "symptoms" that accompany every person who watches their diet and indulges in a small weakness, such as, for example, one muffin bun.
4. Stop blaming and beating yourself up. Eat what you like! And this is not at all a fishing rod for lies - intuitive eating teaches you to listen to yourself. Would you like a piece of cake? So eat it! Do not pounce on it, feel its taste, its aroma. Enjoy it, and if the body really wanted it, then after one bite (or maybe earlier) you will feel that you are full.
5. Learn to listen to what your body is telling you. Try to pay attention to how you feel while eating. Scientists have proven that the feeling of fullness comes only 20 minutes after a meal, which makes it clear where all this “heaviness” after eating and uncontrolled gluttony comes from.
6. To live and feel great, we need much less food than we used to consume. Therefore, strive for a dialogue with your body and try not to “throw” into it everything that is on the plate just because it will be awkward for you to leave the food.
7. Learn to relax. If food is your only "hobby" in which you put your whole soul, then this will inevitably lead to breakdowns, a wrong lifestyle and dissatisfaction with yourself. Find an activity that you enjoy. After all, it has long been known that a favorite thing makes a person happy. And if you're happy, you don't need to eat up internal contradictions.
8. Love your body. Loving yourself means trying to give yourself the best. Give your body healthy food rich in vitamins, do not exhaust yourself with training, but do the sport that you like. Or don't exercise at all if you feel sick just looking at sportswear.
9. Be active - that's all. Climb stairs instead of taking the elevator, dance to your favorite music, laugh more and, of course, be friends with food, not fight!

How to Switch to Intuitive Eating

Of course, it takes time to start eating intuitively. In one day, you will not learn how to adequately relate to food and your feeling of hunger. Be patient, try to develop the habit of subtly feeling the signals of your body and in no case forbid yourself something.

Tip: first, just learn how to eat right, eliminating harmful foods. Then adjust your correct diet, trusting your intuition.

Intuitive eating is just a healthy attitude towards food, a healthy attitude towards yourself and your life, provided by nature itself. It suits absolutely everyone, the only question is whether you want to follow its principles.

Therefore, assumptions about ancient origin names remain speculative. The first known documentary use of the name is a poetic work by A. Kh. Vostokov, written in and published in.

In the modern "Dictionary of Russian Personal Names" of Superanskaya (prepared under the auspices) there are no marks about the Old Russian or Slavic origin of the name. On the contrary, the name is assigned to the group of new calendar names; two variants of the etymology of the name are also given: from the word "light" or from church name (derived from Greek, derived from φῶς , φωτός - "light") through the latter.

literary name

Ballad Zhukovsky "Svetlana"

In the same 1808, Zhukovsky set to work on a new ballad, but at the same time he again turned to the burgher's "Lenore" as a starting point. German ballad (written in) at the turn - became a model of romantic in Europe poetic work, often translated and quoted; echoes of "Lenora" are found in many works of the era. The ballad is based on a mystical story about the kidnapping of a bride by a dead groom.

However, Zhukovsky, this time, even further than in Lyudmila, moved away from the prototype; in fact, in the ballad "Svetlana" only the main plot outline, and processing radically changed its meaning. The decisive differences were the plot, the place and time of the action, as well as the finale of the ballad: if in Lenore the death of the heroine is a foregone conclusion, and in Lyudmila it is so directly described, then in Svetlana all the vicissitudes with coffins and the dead turn into a nightmare. Finally, the choice of the place and time of the action is the girl's room, the night before, when, according to tradition, they took place in Rus'. Appeal to the topic of Christmas divination became perhaps the most valuable literary find of Zhukovsky, which determined the entire structure of the ballad and ultimately made it truly Russian.

Name Svetlana Zhukovsky did not immediately appear in the sketches of a new ballad. The poet went through the options: first the name appeared , but Zhukovsky refused it, since it was well known to readers and had deep connotations that could distort the author's intention, giving the work unnecessary historical associations. Then Zhukovsky turned to an artificial name Svetlana, borrowing it from the work of Vostokov. There was nothing unusual in the use of artificial names: this technique was used quite often in the literature of the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. For example, at that time pseudo-Russian names were in literary use (such as Charm, Priyata, Hi); some of them passed from the works of one author to another. Their peculiarity was an easily read purely positive semantics ( Priyata- "pleasant" hello- "welcoming"). Zhukovsky himself, who worked in parallel with "Svetlana" on the poem "Vladimir", for her female characters involved names of the same type: Milolika, Miloslava, Dobrada. Name borrowing Svetlana Zhukovsky is not accidental, it was an essential choice; thus, associatively close and semantically related concepts of “light”, “bright” (← “Svetlana”) and “holiness” (← “Christmas time”) were combined in a poetic text and complemented each other.

The ballad received the widest recognition immediately after its publication in. decades later, he noted: ““ Svetlana ”, the original ballad of Zhukovsky, was recognized as his masterpiece, so that critics and philologists of that time called Zhukovsky the singer of Svetlana” . Lines from the ballad have become countless times, and reminiscences are found in many literary works subsequent years. This fate did not pass, including "" (the author, for example, drew parallels in the character of Tatyana, the main character of the novel, and Svetlana Zhukovsky). The ballad was included in the "Educational book on Russian literature”, compiled, and since then has firmly established itself as a mandatory text for study.

The success of the ballad was due to both the romanticized nationality, national color, manifested through the theme of Christmas divination, and the organic image of the main character. Svetlana in the ballad is an almost inactive character, she is passive and reverently timid, but at the same time sweet and charming. She only experiences what is happening to her and is incapable of decisive action, but captivates the reader with her timidity and humility. Her passivity is set off by the author's active attitude towards the heroine - Zhukovsky does not hide the fact that he loves Svetlana, expressing warm participation and heartfelt sympathy for her; and these feelings are easily conveyed to the reader.

The ballad "Svetlana" came out with a dedication (nee Protasova), Zhukovsky's niece and goddaughter, for whom the poet was also a teacher during the period of work on the ballad. Vasily Zhukovsky gave his niece his work as a wedding gift. Alexandra Voeikova became the first real bearer of the name Svetlana, although unofficially and only in the circle of close friends. Alexandra Andreevna was the hostess at; poems were dedicated to her, and others. Svetlana Vasily Zhukovsky himself was also nicknamed among his associates (in general, nicknames borrowed from Zhukovsky's ballads were adopted in him); this playful nickname firmly stuck to the poet.

"Once on an Epiphany evening..."

Karl Bryullov. "Guessing Svetlana". Nizhny Novgorod Art Museum

In the early 1820s, the ballad crossed the boundaries of proper literature: the earliest attempts to transfer the ballad to the stage date back to this time. The first of those written on the plot of "Svetlana" appeared in; its author was an Italian by birth, who worked a lot and fruitfully in the field of Russian musical theater. The premiere took place new opera"Svetlana", this time compositions. The years include the first musical works based on the words of a ballad - three songs; in wrote on the text "Svetlana". Editions of the ballad were often accompanied by illustrations worked on by many graphic artists; and in he created a portrait of the fortune-telling Svetlana, which eventually became the most famous iconographic embodiment of the image. Bryullov's painting became not just an illustration of Zhukovsky's text, but its expression. The successful plot of the picture (a fortune-telling girl in front of a mirror) was replicated in numerous Russian periodicals that accompanied the Yuletide numbers in the second half.

It is significant that in the second half of the 19th century the text of the ballad begins its penetration from the nobility into the depths of folk culture. Fragments of "Svetlana" turned out to be included in the text folk drama""; in the middle of the 19th century, the first editions of the ballad and its adaptations appeared. Finally, from the second half of XIX for centuries, fragments of the ballad, often with distortions, were published in various publicly available songbooks; at the same time, authorship was not indicated in the publications - the text gained anonymity and was perceived as truly folk. Most often, the first two stanzas of the ballad were sung as popular:

At the same time, the growing universal recognition"Svetlana" spawned a series of on her, as often happens with any somewhat widely famous work. By the end of the 19th century, the first verse of the ballad (“Once on an Epiphany evening ...”), according to E. Dushechkina, “turned into a convenient, and, most importantly, win-win, thanks to its wide popularity, the beginning of satirical and humorous texts.” Many well-known people did not escape a similar fate (cf. “”, “...”, “”, “I go out alone on the road ...”, the lines “I love a thunderstorm in early May ...” or “I came to you with greetings ...”).

Thus, having penetrated all layers of Russian society to the turn -, the ballad has become a significant fact. The name of her heroine was perceived as truly Russian; artificiality, literariness by that time had completely disappeared from him.

Name outside the text of the ballad

From the second half of the 19th century, the name, already separate from the text of Zhukovsky, existed in folk culture. An illustration of this is the "Tale of Ivan the Bogatyr, of his beautiful wife Svetlana and the evil wizard Karachun", published in the form of a book. The tale was a reworking of the plot ""; Until the end of the 19th century, six more editions of this popular tale were published. Another example is the dramatic performance "The Tale of Tsar Berendey", which was staged in educational institutions at the beginning of the 20th century. The compilation action was composed based on and, and Berendey's daughter, main character, called Princess Svetlana.

Name Svetlana was named the oldest boarding house (now a sanatorium) of the city, built in. It was founded by A.P. Fronshtein, a member of the movement for, exiled to the Caucasus for revolutionary activity. Revolutionaries often received shelter in the boarding house, and at first, only the wealthy were charged in it.

The listed facts show that in society towards the turn - a distinct request for a "bright" name has formed - a name with transparent positive semantics; partly it was realized in the names of warships, enterprises and institutions. Name Svetlana flaunted on the covers of mass song collections, pseudonyms were formed from it, it appeared in theatrical productions and various literary works. However, paradoxically, in those years it could not become a full-fledged, real female name in any way.

The formation of a real name

name ban

However, the need for periodic renewal constantly existed in Russian society, and if earlier it was satisfied within the traditional Orthodox nomenclature, then at the end of the 19th century it began to go beyond the outlined boundaries. The reason for this is the already mentioned fashion for everything Old Russian and Old Slavic, interest in pre-Christian history. It was from the second half of the 19th century that names associated with ancient Russian history, - And , but they were in the calendar, the practice of naming was already attached to them, and there were no problems with naming these names. Other names, in which a similar public interest was formed, made their way with great difficulty. For example, names And (also related to history Ancient Rus') the church did not truly recognize for a long time. The princes were mentioned in the holy calendar, but were under other names. Church authorities sought to resolutely suppress violations of Orthodox institutions, which occasionally nevertheless occurred under pressure from parents who wanted to name the child. unusual name, absent in the holy calendar. From time to time, prohibitions were published, such as the one that appeared in the St. Petersburg Spiritual Bulletin in:

Svetlana was listed among the same "forbidden" names. The clergy, refusing to baptize with this name, offered their parents names from the calendar , - Greek in origin, formed from φῶς , φωτός - "light", that is, those who had close to the name Svetlana etymological meaning. But these names were not similar to the “historical”, Old Russian ones, and therefore did not fit into the model of fashionable names that existed in society. Moreover, the name Photinia(circulating in folk version Fetinya) has compromised itself in Russian culture -. It is known from various literary and dramatic works, in which it became the name of unattractive, comical characters from the lower classes. For example, in "" gave this name to the servant of the Box.

At the same time, since the second half of the 19th century, there have been cases when the name Svetlana, used by women as a second, unofficial "home" name, went beyond the narrow home circle and became a well-known, public name. The baptismal name, of course, was different. Such a practice, as Elena Dushechkina noted, was sometimes encountered in Russian life and did not in the least interfere with the "comfort of a person who is the bearer of two names." Dushechkin as an early example of this use of the name Svetlana brought Baroness Svetlana Nikolaevna Vrevskaya (nee Lopukhina), who was born, presumably, in the years.

Name question Svetlana emerged in society more and more different levels; parents of newborn girls turned to church authorities (up to) with requests for permission to baptize with the name Svetlana, but usually to no avail. In the magazine "Church Herald" this problem was specifically addressed and the following explanations were given:

Anthroponymic explosion of the 1920s

Thus the name Svetlana, in the post-revolutionary years becoming a legitimate, full-fledged female name, was associated in the public mind with the advent of a new, Soviet era; and the formation itself took place in line with the main anthroponymic trends.

Name rethinking

As Elena Dushechkina noted, the name Svetlana, thought up exceptionally well and undoubtedly euphonious, easily became in line with traditional female Russian names with the final - [on]: , . The name initially possessed organic poetry and powerful positive semantics inherited from the concepts of "light", "bright". And in the early years, the word “bright” was supplemented with another important semantic accent, which was extremely relevant precisely in the years of the formation of the name, - an accent associated with the construction of a “bright future”, with the movement of society along the “bright path” to.

We have already mentioned the appearance in the name Svetlana electrical symbolism that arose after the start of work in St. Petersburg. After the revolution, the demand for the products of the Svetlana plant increased many times; light bulbs in the light of Lenin turned out to be not just a thing, but a product that is important from an ideological point of view. Then the same name Svetlana acquired a nominal meaning: the light bulbs themselves began to be called Svetlanas, deciphering the word as an abbreviation for the phrase " light new la MPa on heating". Over the years, word usage became common (albeit not for long), and was used on a par with the notorious "". Traces of this are found in various literary works, for example, in one of the poems written in ("When I get tired of idle talk ...").

Not being burdened by the previous history in public perception, the name Svetlana in addition to the main - light - symbolism, through the electric one it easily acquired an ideological sound. It was treated not just as a good new name: it was interpreted as a truly Soviet name. And the successful linguistic form, euphony, built-in traditional female names in the model range contributed to its quick and easy spread.

However, the name was used not only among the functionaries of the new government, but also in families creative intelligentsia. For example, in the year famous Opera singer named his daughter Svetlana. (It should be noted that Sobinov, being a believer, baptized his newborn daughter, and Svetlana Sobinova's godname was , name of Latin origin, from lux- "light"). In 1926 the daughter Svetlana appeared with the writer, in 1929 - with the playwright.

a special role in future fate played the name, born, became the third child and the second - married to. It is known that in the Stalin-Alliluyeva family, serious disagreements periodically arose between the spouses. Probably, after one of these spats, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, being on recent months pregnancy, left and moved to her parents in where she gave birth to a daughter. As Elena Dushechkina emphasized, there is every reason to believe that Stalin had nothing to do with the choice of the daughter's name. Nadezhda Alliluyeva returned to Moscow with a child when Svetlana was three months old.

The name, which was “on the rise”, already in the new quality of a real female name, penetrated into the works of literature and art of that time, which, in turn, becoming famous, contributed to the growth of the further popularity of the name. apart from literary works there is a poem "Svetlana", which saw the light in "". Mikhalkov himself explained much later that the appearance of the name Svetlana in his poems was associated with the desire to win the favor of a classmate with this name. After the publication, according to Mikhalkov, he was quite unexpectedly invited to where he was told that Comrade Stalin liked the poems very much. Later, "Lullaby of Svetlana" - a revised version of the poem - was published many times and became widely known. Among the Soviet creative intelligentsia, Mikhalkov's work was regarded as openly careerist, which guaranteed Stalin's subsequent favor for the poet.

In the post-war years, a gallery of characters with the name Svetlana only increased. IN Svetlana appear in the novel "Seventeen" (), the stories "Svetlana" () and "School Desk" by Inna Rakovskaya (), in the cycle of stories "Big Svetlana", on which the writer worked in - years; and others. A special property of all literary Svetlan in the children's and teenage genre of that time was the fact that they had exclusively positive qualities- such as responsiveness, openness, clarity, inner nobility, diligence. Thus, the name symbolized best features and served as a kind of identification marker of a "good" person.

The name was the same symbolic meaning and in "great" art: for example, in the novel "Eagle Steppe" about (), the poem "Svetlana" (), in the movie "" (; she played the role of Svetlana Ivashova; this work brought the actress wide fame and recognition). Svetlana here - selfless and faithful, courageous and independent. They are not afraid life difficulties, they are calm in their purposefulness, they are open to the world and bring into this world Inner Light their impeccable spiritual qualities.

However, the most famous work of the 1960s named Svetlana became "Lullaby of Svetlana" from the movie "" (). The film was shot based on the "heroic comedy" in verse "", written at the beginning of the years. At the time, the composer wrote the music for the play, thus the performance became musical; productions of that time were recognized by the public and critically acclaimed. The film adaptation of Ryazanov opened the work to a mass film audience. The film enjoyed tremendous success, it showed the directorial skills of E. Ryazanov and the brilliant teamwork of the magnificent ensemble of actors (,; in leading role Shurochka Azarova -; This is her film debut. To a large extent, the success of the film was determined by the win-win plot moves "" and musical numbers, which became hits after the premiere of the film. The duration of the film -; having learned about the beginning of the war, the heroine decides to go to the active army, dressed in a military uniform and introducing herself as a young man. A touching scene of Azarova's farewell to her former serene life in the estate is accompanied by a lyrical song in which the heroine addresses her doll:

It is significant that here the name Svetlana is not a real name: it is just the name of a doll. That is, to some extent, the situation that existed during Zhukovsky's work on the ballad "Svetlana" was reproduced, when the name could not yet be a real female name. Another connecting element of the film (and, accordingly, the play) with Zhukovsky's ballad was that the poet was working on "Svetlana" just at the time Patriotic War 1812. (It should be noted that after the release of the film, the misconception spread that "Svetlana's Lullaby" was the text written by Zhukovsky.) The film became a Soviet film classic, and songs from it, including "Svetlana's Lullaby", were regularly played on post-Soviet radio and television. For some bearers of the name, born in - years, the lullaby has become a deeply personal memory, since it was first heard from their mothers, and some Svetlanas got their name under the direct influence of the song.

But such a mass character could not but affect the attitude towards the name: as the frequency increased, it lost its social specificity; becoming "ordinary" - it lost its initially high semantic charge. After death, it was no longer associated with the name of the daughter of the "leader of the peoples." This semantic emphasis, relevant in - years, was quickly forgotten, and for younger generations it turned out to be completely unclear: in - years, the name Svetlana was perceived simply as a good female name. At the same time, its “Sovietness” was neutralized, its novelty was lost. V. A. Nikonov drew attention to the fact that the heterogeneity between equally popular names at that time was no longer felt Svetlana And Tatiana: that is, between a new name and an ancient name, with centuries-old traditions in Russian culture.

The gradual "simplification" of the name is illustrated by the chronology of the emergence of derivative forms of the name. In the 1930s, the name was commonly used in full form, even in a narrow circle of close people; of got spread form Svetlanka, Svetlanochka. In the late 1930s, a short form appeared Sveta, A Svetka, - a diminutive with a dismissive, familiar connotation - has been widely used since the late 1950s. In this respect, those years are noteworthy. To the question: “why do Russian women walk so badly in heels?” followed the answer: "because she has a grid on the right, on the left - Svetka, behind - drunk Ivan, and ahead - a seven-year plan. The time of birth of the joke is easy to establish by reference, that is, it is the end of the 1950s. diminutive Svetka in a joke - the name of the daughter, and it is endowed with the properties of a typical designation - that is, this is a kind of girl in general. Name , by which a drunken husband is called the exhausted life of a woman, in Russian culture has traditionally taken the place of a generalized nickname for a Russian person; and it is characteristic that the name Svetka- a new name - in a joke turned out to be in the same row with him.

Name Crisis

The crisis of the name, directly related to its mass prevalence, began to be felt during the period of the greatest public enthusiasm for it. Svetlana, who were born in years, in their youth they were proud of the rarity of their name, noting along the way that they didn’t have any at school. Svetlana, who were born in years, spoke of latent irritation against their own name: there were too many other bearers of the name around. To somehow stand out among the crowd Light And Svetok, some Svetlana began to resort to new short forms of the name, which sounded against the background of the "vulgar" name Svetka more intelligent. Notable among them was the form Lana, sounding in the "Western" manner and received circulation in - years. It is significant that Stalin's daughter, after another marriage, at the beginning became Lana Peters: taking her husband's surname, she transformed in this way given name. Lesser Known Forms Veta, Vetka And Lanya .

The 1980s is the time of a critical turning point in the popularity of the name. The frequency of the name at that time was 27 ‰ and decreased by more than three times compared to the previous decade. In, for example, in the 1960s, the name was among the top five most “fashionable” names, and in not a single case of naming this name was recorded. If in the 1930s the name was of high status, they were called daughters Soviet elite, then in the 1980s the name not only lost its frequency, but also became “non-prestigious”; his social niche changed. Elena Dushechkina wrote:

The fall in popularity of the name was accompanied by a reassessment of its place in culture. In Soviet cinema, a gallery of small, third-rate, episodic characters is found - Svetok. In the well-known cycle of jokes about (which just began to take shape in the 1980s) appears from time to time " Svetka from 7th B", girlfriend Vovochki: she is the epitome of accessibility. In the literature of the 1980s, the name Svetlana(usually in the form Sveta or Svetka) are often worn by socially lowered characters: fartsovschitsa and restaurant singers, whores and. Some of them are depicted with irony or antipathy. Some - like, for example, the daughter of a prostitute and the victim of sexual violence from the autobiographical story "Teenager Savenko" () - evoke pity and compassion. short form Sveta met among the "working names" of real prostitutes. And the common rhyming proverb “Sveta-sweetie”, known from the beginning, began to be understood not only as an innocent joke, but also as an obscene hint.

As mentioned earlier, changes occur regularly; some names become frequent, others suddenly lose their former attractiveness. In just another change in public preferences in naming was taking place. Many female names, which, like Svetlana, leaders in ( , ) lost their positions. But they, unlike the name Svetlana, there was a historical “feed” in the form of a stable naming tradition that supported them during a period of declining mass interest in them. And the name Svetlana, not sufficiently rooted historically, experienced a sharp decline in popularity. It is characteristic that the leading names of the 1960s were replaced by female names with a rich historical and cultural “baggage”, such as , . Analyzing the circumstances of the "strange metamorphosis" that happened to the name, Elena Dushechkina assumed:

Name derivatives and related names

Word formation of short and forms of the name is shown in the following table:

It should be noted that in and

How can you lose weight without a diet - women are surprised, because the main condition for weight loss is calorie restriction. Now they have invented a new method of intuitively getting rid of extra pounds - nutrition, built on the principle: the body knows what to eat. The system is simple and practically has no restrictions.

What is Intuitive Eating

It often happens that a person, exhausting himself with physical activity and diets, does not come to the desired harmony. The body protests against such an attitude and, as a result, forces one to reckon with its requests. Alternative way to get rid of excess fat- This is an intuitive diet, in which the use of any restrictions is categorically denied. The weight loss system is based on principles that allow you to eat pastries, sweets, chocolate and effectively reduce in size.

The technique was originally developed by American professor Stephen Hawkes, who himself lost weight to no avail using a variety of diets. After many years of unsuccessful attempts, he began to listen to his body and, based on the conclusions, made up a diet on his own. The intuitive approach turned out to be positive. He helped the professor lose 22 kg and keep the weight off for a long time. Stephen Hawkes argues that the problem of excess weight should be approached as follows:

• recognize the signals that your own body sends;
• learn to control appetite;
• pause while eating;
• intuitively recognize when hunger strikes and when overeating occurs.

Principles of Intuitive Eating

Continued to develop effective method weight loss American Tame Weiler. She opened Green Mountain, where she invited women to lose weight without food restrictions. The main technique was aimed at studying the correct sensation of one's own body and was built on the theses of Hawkes. Here are the 10 Intuitive Eating Principles:

1. Rejection of diets. Any dietary restriction is harmful.
2. Respect for hunger. It is necessary to give the body the right amount of nutrients.
3. Call to power control. You should forget about the rules that teach when you can or cannot eat.
4. Peace with food. You need to allow yourself to eat.
5. Respect for the feeling of fullness. We must learn to recognize when satiety comes.
6. satisfaction factor. It is required to understand that food is not a pleasure, but a necessity, therefore it is necessary to enjoy not the process of eating, but every piece.
7. Respect for the senses without eating. You need to understand that loneliness, boredom or anxiety are feelings that cannot be soothed by food.
8. Respect for your own body. You should learn to love yourself, regardless of the numbers on the scales.
9. Training is like movement. You need to be active not to burn calories, but to get an energy boost.
10. Respect for your health. It is required to learn how to choose products that take care of both taste buds and the health of the body as a whole.

The essence of intuitive eating

The modern approach to nutrition returns a person to nature, because it has given the most universal tool for evaluating something - intuition. To understand if food is needed in this moment, you just need to listen to the body and feel the presence or absence of hunger. Modern man I forgot a long time ago that the most proper nutrition is intuitive. People start eating for company or when there is a lot within walking distance delicious meals or snack food.

The essence of the food system is that there are no rules. Everything is allowed to eat, but only if two requirements are met: you need to feel hungry and intuitively understand that the body really wants to take the chosen product. At this stage, many adults experience difficulties. However, they are easy to overcome if you watch the children - they eat as much as they need. The desire of parents to shove too much into a child often turns into major scandal.

Can you lose weight with intuitive eating?

There was a long debate among nutritionists about such a system, but in the end they came to the conclusion that this is an effective analogue of a healthy diet, calculated from the point of view of psychology. How Much Can You Lose With Intuitive Eating? According to the reviews of those who are losing weight, this system helps to easily lose 5-7 kilograms in a month. I would like to note that the intuitive way to get rid of extra kilos will not be effective for people suffering from bulimia, since this psychological problem requiring the intervention of a qualified psychotherapist.

How to learn intuitive eating

It is difficult for a person who is used to dieting on a schedule to learn to listen to his body. At first, everyone has difficulty identifying own feeling hunger and satiety. Over time, the understanding comes that you need to eat only when there is a rumbling in the stomach or sucking in the stomach, and not for company with someone. Intuitive nutrition for weight loss is vital for the following category of people:

• diet victims whose lives have become a tactic of restriction and disruption;
• emotional people who eat experiences;
• accustomed to the division of products, counting calories, eating strictly according to the schedule and according to the ratio of BJU.

How to Switch to Intuitive Eating

You can learn to intuitively evaluate eating behavior if you stop dividing food into healthy and harmful, bad and good, and also stop meeting accepted standards in weight. You should get rid of the fear of becoming ugly or fat. Switching to intuitive eating is a change in attitude to food, not weight loss. Even if on initial stage If you put on a few extra pounds, that's normal. Especially for those people who previously limited themselves to goodies. When the ban is gone, then the craving for them will disappear, because, as you know, only the forbidden fruit is sweet.

How to eat intuitively

The body is genetically programmed to require from the owner only those products that are currently lacking for normal functioning. When compiling an intuitive eating menu, you should pay attention to body signals and avoid compulsive overeating. Abandoning dietary thinking, you need to allow the body to eat everything. From his point of view, a serving of boiled broccoli for dinner is no better than a plate of fried potatoes. Being eaten in accordance with the desire of the body, it will not lead to weight gain, but only replenish the energy balance.

Intuitive Eating Diary

It's not easy to start eating intuitively. Desired result will not come soon if the mind constantly throws thoughts about food. A diary will help facilitate the process, in which you need to methodically write down the foods you eat and how they felt. A couple of weeks will pass and the notes will help to analyze what time of day the metabolism is active, when food is digested slowly, what foods provoke heavy drinking.

In the diary, on the first page, there should be your own personal hunger scale, in front of each item of which notes should be made. For example, opposite the level of "overeating" write your feelings from this process - painful bloating or something else. The paragraph "full" would indicate fullness, while the paragraph "very hungry" could indicate annoyance. The first days, constantly check the scale and determine the intensity of hunger. This will help you not to overeat and distinguish emotional emptiness from a real desire to eat. You will notice that saturation comes much faster than before.

Intuitive Eating for Kids

The child makes the choice of products much easier, because he knows how much he needs to eat, intuitively relying on body signals. Small children, even with a big appetite, at one moment fill up and don’t want to anymore, and they don’t like parental attempts to force-feed them. Intuitive baby feeding is about minimizing control over the amount of food a child eats. Even a baby is able to ask for food - he cries until he gets food. Let the child from an early age retain the ability to hear intuitive sensations and understand the difference between satiety, appetite and hunger.

Video: Intuitive nutrition by Svetlana Bronnikova

PHOTO Getty Images

March 4

7.45 cappuccino, 2 sandwiches with smoked sausage;

19.00 banana;

20.40 turkey fillet in mushroom sauce, American salad.

Comments by Svetlana Bronnikova: The diary begins with a celebration at work. Julia does not try to “tighten her belt” either before or after the feast, and as a result she enjoys the festive table and does not overeat.

5th of March

8.00 yogurt, latte;

11.00 banana;

13.45 banana;

15.20 shrimp roll, pie, glaze. (the pie is so-so, the glass is too sweet);

21.10 American salad;

22.20 cake.

S. B.: The next day, she eats fast food, apparently in a hurry, on the go. It is wonderful that, instead of blaming herself for what she has eaten, the girl notes the tasteless pie and the too sweet glaze. This is an important effect of the lifting of bans: many foods and dishes "show their true colors." When they were forbidden and therefore highly desirable, we ate them with a mixture of delight and guilt that prevented us from tasting their true taste. And now Julia states: tasteless, too sweet. This is a sure sign that intuition will bypass this food next time.

March, 6

7.45 hot sandwiches with sausage and cheese;

12.00 ice cream (she burst into tears while watching the film, saw parallels with her own life);

14.10 cake, dumplings with fish;

19.00 cutlet, pickled cucumbers;

20.00 ice cream (full).

S. B.: Judging by how often ice cream appears in the food diary, it was once the leader in the list of prohibited foods, and Yulia is at the stage of its legalization. It is with them that she consoles herself after watching sad movie. “Legalization” in intuitive eating refers to the phase when previously forbidden foods are introduced into the diet without restriction, with an abundance that convinces us that we will never have to limit ourselves to this food again in our lives. At the beginning of legalization, the nightmare of a dieter comes true: all the time you want it, the forbidden one, and it seems that you can eat only ice cream (chips, gingerbread). This short period, after which the relevance of the product gradually decreases, and, finally, we retain only a weak interest in the once favorite forbidden dish. Does it happen that someone does not get bored favorite dish? No, this does not happen: general mental patterns work here, one of which is getting used to the stimulus.

March 7

5.30 yogurt and coffee;

11.35 2 sandwiches with pate, cappuccino;

14.50 macaroni and cheese, sausage, ice cream with coffee;

21.25 sausage, vegetable salad with mayonnaise.

S. B.: It was a long day, starting before 6 am, and a very austere menu for such a hard day. Judging by the level of satisfaction with food, which Yulia notes separately from the level of satiety, the chosen food quite fully reflects nutritional needs She just doesn't need more.

March 8

11.25 sandwich with pate, sandwich with raw smoked sausage, 1 egg;

14.10 husband offered a cake and I couldn't refuse, but it was too sweet;

19.00 chicken barbecue, rolls.

S. B.: Julia captures the nuances of various dishes more and more accurately. “Too sweet” is a typical state of the intuitive eater who is tempted by cake or pastry.

9th of March

9.05 yogurt, a piece of cake;

12.20 3 pancakes with cottage cheese;

17.00 squids in sour cream, coffee, marmalade;

20.40 rolls.

S. B.: It may seem that Julia chooses exclusively "unhealthy" food. Meanwhile, our judgments about the nutritional value of foods are often skewed by dietary beliefs. Julia chooses food at will, eats whatever she wants, eats freely. What does she choose? Morning starts with a piece homemade cake- carbohydrates in the morning will provide a surge of strength and energy. For lunch, three pancakes with cottage cheese - an excellent protein-carbohydrate lunch. Afternoon snack: squid in sour cream, that is, fat (natural fats are extremely useful, butter And heavy cream- excellent healthy food) and wonderful protein. And finally, rolls in the evening - again rice and fish. Complete and delicious.

March 16

8.25 sandwich with eggplant and cheese, cappuccino;

12.45 cottage cheese, coffee, half a cake.

S. B.: This day needs a separate comment. Yulia replaces smoked meat on her favorite morning sandwiches with vegetables and eggplant. This is not an accident, but a pattern: the body “asks” for food, which we usually refuse, because it is “useful” and is disgusted. But as soon as we allow ourselves to eat everything, and soon it turns out that we want exactly what is useful ...

Next in the diary is another entry: “didn’t eat enough, for dessert, bread with sea buckthorn jam.” Julia began to hear not only signals of hunger, but also signals of satiety - it is logical that at first we hear the signal “I’m not enough, give me more,” but then we begin to hear the signal “don’t feed me more, I’m full.”

The last entry is evidence of great changes that have taken place during this time. Half a cake! Who is able not to finish the cake, which is already on the plate? The ability to eat half or a quarter of a desired meal because it tastes different than expected because you are full is a sign that intuitive eating skills are developing, that the body has begun to communicate with its owner and that this is friendly and open communication. No more war: "I'm hungry - no, you can't eat, we ate so well - now go work out in the gym"!

War leads to disharmony with oneself, to the feeling that food has incredible power. From this internal conflict eliminates intuitive eating. It does not guarantee weight loss, it guarantees staying at the optimal physiological weight that allows our body to shine, be the most healthy, successfully resist infections and provide us with all the invaluable services that it is capable of.