Types of theater in the dhow by age groups. Forms of organization of theatrical activities

Psychologists have proven that play activity is an integral component of the harmonious all-round development of children. preschool age. This is due to the age-related features of the development of mental processes in children. With the help of this, preschoolers learn about the world around them, learn to communicate and interact with peers, and adapt in society. One of effective types gaming activity in kindergarten is the theatre. In such activities, preschoolers show creative activity realize their potential, develop their abilities. Therefore, it is so important to hold theatrical games in preschool educational institutions. Such activities are organized in a preschool institution in the most different forms. About what types of theaters are in kindergarten and how to organize them correctly, we will consider in this material. In addition, let's share interesting ideas manufacturing attributes and inventory for such work.

The influence of theatrical play on the development of a preschooler

It is impossible to overestimate the beneficial effect of theatrical games on. This activity contributes to:

• assimilation and consolidation of educational material by children;
• development of speech and fine motor skills;
• the formation of communication skills;
• development of creative abilities, identification of talents of kids;
• the formation of the ability to interact with others;
• the formation of a sensitive-emotional sphere;
• a sustained interest in fiction, book;
• education of aesthetic taste;
• development of such personal qualities as purposefulness, will, initiative and others.

Types of theaters in preschool

Thus, the organization of theatrical activities in preschool education solves the purposes of a number of educational and educational purposes. In addition, it contributes to the implementation of the requirements state standard, because due to this form pedagogical work, children learn to independently put forward ideas, argue, show initiative and creativity.

What types of theaters in kindergarten can be organized? AT pedagogical literature It is proposed to carry out with preschoolers such activities as:

• table theater;
• bench;
• riding;
• wrist;
• floor;
• live puppet theatre.

In turn, each of these species is divided into subspecies. We will discuss each of them in more detail below.

stand theater

A poster theater is a surface on which figures-characters and scenery are attached. This type includes:

1. Theater on a flannelograph (a board covered with fabric). To organize this, you will need an industrial or self-made flannelograph and figurines-characters of the selected artwork, on which it is necessary with reverse side attach Velcro. Thus, as the plot develops, the child is invited to attach the necessary figures to the flannelgraph.
2. Magnetic is, in fact, the same as the previous view, only a metal board is used, and magnetic strips are attached to the figures instead of Velcro. The basis and, accordingly, the characters of such a theater are of very different sizes: from a small table version to a full-fledged screen for an auditorium or music hall.
3. in gardens - the most mysterious and unusual for the perception of children, preschoolers enthusiastically participate in such a game. To organize this type of theater, you will need a screen (vertically stretched white fabric), a lantern or table lamp (depending on the size of the screen), and black cardboard figures. Instead of toy characters, shadows can be created directly with the hand and fingers. This view is called "theater of living shadows."

table theater

The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - gaming activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters should be small in order to be able to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What is a table theater in kindergarten:

1. Paper (cardboard). Often such a finished theater can be found in any children's magazine- you just need to cut and collect all the necessary details and you can start the performance.
2. Magnetic is a metal board with magnets - the characters of a fairy tale.
3. theater from natural material, for example, cones, chestnuts, acorns, etc. It is convenient to place such characters in a box of sand.

"Wrist" theater

This type includes theatrical activities, which require attributes such as finger puppets or toys - "gloves". There are the following "wrist" types of theaters in kindergarten:

• finger;
• glove.

What is needed in order to organize such a theatrical activity? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But pupils can also take an active part in the creation of characters. For example, finger puppets can be made from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls, and other materials.

"Glove puppets" can be made, for example, from mittens or socks, sewn to the base necessary elements(face, hands, clothes, etc.).

It is important to note that the finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children's speech.

horse theater

What is a horse theatre? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers in the 16th century. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types:

1. In the cane theater, puppets are used, which, accordingly, are fixed on a high cane, and the person who controls the characters is hidden behind a screen.
2. The theater "Bee-ba-bo" is gaining great popularity. In principle, this is the same “glove” one, since the dolls are put on the hand. The only difference is that it is used high screen and thus the characters are shown to the audience at a level above the puppeteer's height.
3. No less interesting is the theater of spoons in kindergarten. Attributes for such gaming activities are very easy to make on your own. For this you need a wooden spoon. The face of the character is drawn on its convex part, and clothes are put on the handle fairy tale hero. During staging children's play little puppeteers hold characters from spoons by the handle.

floor theater

The floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is held in kindergartens infrequently. But it is the puppet theater that causes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since the kids do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, the children imagine that the toys "came to life" themselves. It is this element of "miracle", "fairy tale" that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.

Live Puppet Theater

But more often than others, a "live" puppet show in kindergarten. Such activities can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the world around us, the study foreign language as well as during leisure time. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to some holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or the New Year.

Distinguish the following types described game activity:

• masque;
• giant puppet theatre.

The latter is carried out most often as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are performed either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators.

Then like a theater masks fit for children of any age. Even the smallest pupils have the opportunity to "reincarnate" in the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell the story that the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for the parents.

Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, in classes for artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities.

How to independently make a screen for a theater in a preschool educational institution?

In order to organize a theatrical activity with preschoolers, various attributes will be required, including masks, puppets, and scenery. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But, by offering the kids to make the necessary equipment for theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify studying proccess preschoolers, increase motivation for labor activity but also to realize the main educational and educational goals.

What can you make a theater for preschoolers from? For most species, this creative activity theater screen needed. Kindergarten usually has the specified inventory either in the playroom or in music hall. But in the absence of a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself.

The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch a dense fabric in the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is cut out in the material, or an indent is made from above to accommodate the characters.

Finger theater screen

To organize a finger theater, you need a small screen. Therefore, you can make the specified attribute from cardboard boxes at the bottom of which you need to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically designed. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can arrange it in the form of a forest clearing, place a “house on the edge”.

Dolls for the theater in the preschool educational institution from improvised materials

Preschoolers love to make their own unusual materials puppet characters for theatrical games. From what can such attributes be made? Educator, practitioner creativity in his work, he is able to make figurines from the most unexpected materials. For example, paper theater is the simplest and most fast way homemade characters.

You can also use wooden sticks from ice cream, pasting them with felt, foil, colored self-adhesive film. Photos of such characters for theatrical activities can be seen below.

Materials for crafting characters

What else can you make characters from:

• cardboard, making two holes for the fingers at the bottom;
• matchboxes;
• tennis balls;
• inflatable balls;
• disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons;
• socks, mittens, gloves;
• plastic bottles;
• natural material, etc.

Thus, it is possible to organize different types theaters in kindergarten. It is important for the teacher, when planning such activities, to take into account age and individual characteristics pupils and their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also methodically correctly think over the preparatory and final stages work with children. The effectiveness of pedagogical work with preschoolers as a whole depends on these factors.

• 1. Desktop toy theater. This theater uses a wide variety of toys - factory and homemade, from natural and any other material. Here, fantasy is not limited, the main thing is that toys and crafts stand steadily on the table and do not interfere with movement.
• 2. Desktop theater of pictures. All pictures - characters and scenery - must be double-sided, since turns are inevitable, and in order for the figures not to fall, supports are needed, which can be very diverse, but must be sufficiently stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of the weight or area of ​​​​support to the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the more or more weighty the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport is needed.

Actions of toys and pictures in the table theater are limited. But they should not be lifted and carried from place to place. It is important to imitate the desired movement: running, jumping, walking and at the same time pronouncing the text. The state of the character, his mood is conveyed by the intonation of the presenter - joyful, sad, plaintive.

Characters before the start of the game is best hidden. Their appearance in the course of action creates an element of surprise, arouses the interest of children.

In order to create an idea of ​​​​the scene, use scenery elements: two or three trees - this is a forest, green cloth or paper on the table - a lawn, a blue ribbon - a stream. Do not spend a lot of time on such preparations and involve children in them, teach them to fantasize, come up with new original details for the scenery - and then everyone will become interested.

• 3. Stand-book. Dynamics, the sequence of events is easy to depict with the help of successive illustrations. For games like traveling, it is convenient to use a stand-book. Attach it to the bottom of the board. On the top - place the transport on which the trip will take place. In the course of the trip, the host (first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the sheets of the stand-book, demonstrates various plots depicting events and meetings that take place on the way. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of a kindergarten if each page shows a new regime process.
• 4. Flannelgraph. Pictures are good to show on the screen. They are held together by flannel, which covers the screen and the reverse side of the picture. Instead of flannel, pieces of sandpaper or velvet paper can also be glued onto the pictures. Pick up drawings with the children from old books, magazines, and you can finish the missing ones. It makes the kids happy. Use natural materials as well.

Screens of various shapes allow you to create "live" pictures that are convenient to show to the whole group of children. On prism screens, all the guys can work in pairs at the same time during classes. The scenes on the screens are different, and children will be able to see the variety of options for depicting the same topic.

This type of game makes it easy to depict mass scenes, such as "Air Parade", "Bird Flight", "Space Rocket Launch", etc.

5. Shadow theater. Here you need a screen made of translucent paper, expressively carved black plane characters and a bright light source behind them, thanks to which the characters cast shadows on the screen. Highly interesting images obtained with fingers. For example, you can make a goose, a hare, a barking dog, an angry turkey, fighting boxers, etc. Just remember to accompany the display with the appropriate sound.

To show a scene with several characters at the same time, set a bar at the bottom of the screen on which you can strengthen the figure. For example, the grandfather pulls the turnip first. Strengthen his figure on the bar and bring out the headstock, etc. Place the figures near the screen so that the shadows are clear. Position yourself below or to the side of the screen so that your shadow does not fall on it.

Shadow theater is good to use during leisure hours.

6. Finger theater. The child puts attributes on his fingers, but, as in dramatization, he himself acts for the character whose image is on his hand. In the course of the action, the child moves one or all of his fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen. You can do without a screen and depict actions, moving freely around the room.

Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale "Turnip" new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be shown by one child with the help of his fingers. The tales "A Goat and Seven Kids", "Twelve Months", "Malchish-Ki-Balchish", "Geese-Swans" and others with many characters can show two or three children who are located behind a screen. Showing stories like this crowd scenes possible thanks to finger attributes.

7. Bibabo.

In these games, a doll is put on the fingers of the hand. The movements of her head, arms, torso are carried out with the help of movements of the fingers, hands.

Bibabo dolls usually operate on a screen behind which the driver is hiding. But when the game is familiar or the children themselves drive the dolls, that is, the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the drivers can go out to the audience, communicate with them, give them something, take someone by the hand, involve them in the game, etc. Such "exposure" does not reduce, but rather raises the interest and activity of the guys.

When children see an adult play with bibabo dolls, they will most likely also want to learn how to drive them themselves. If the doll is large for a child's hand, then two fingers can be inserted into the head instead of one. Shorten the doll's sleeves so that the children's fingers fit into the chucks of the hands. You can make dolls for children's hands. For this, well-preserved parts from old broken toys, soft animals will come in handy. Dress them up and make up for the role you want. Show the children how the doll should move, how to move it along the screen.

8. Improvisation - playing a theme, plot without pre-training- perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. All previous types of theater are being prepared for it. And yet, the children will be at a loss if you suddenly invite them to play this or that scene. Prepare them for this - come up with a theme together, discuss how to portray it, what roles, characteristic episodes will be.

The next step is to let each participant in the game portray the theme in their own way. And even more difficult task: the child chooses a topic and plays it himself. Next time, the guys themselves ask each other topics. And finally, with the help of facial expressions, intonation, attribute, you can guess a riddle. The answer is the theme, which is also played out.

There are many forms of education and upbringing as a process of all-round development of children, but theatrical activity stands apart in this series. This is the kind of activity where the game, education and training are inextricably linked. Every child is a magician by nature. The inclinations of creativity are inherent in any child. You need to be able to discover and develop them. The joint task of the kindergarten and parents is to help not to lose Creative skills who they appear, as well as develop who they sleep.

It can be argued that theatrical activity is a source of development of feelings, deep feelings and discoveries of the child, introduces him to spiritual values. This is a concrete visible result. But it is no less important that theatrical classes develop the emotional sphere of the child, make him sympathize with the characters, empathize with the events being played out.

All theatrical games can be divided into two main groups: dramatization and directorial. In games - dramatizations, the child, playing the role as an "artist", independently creates an image with the help of a complex of means of expression.

The types of dramatization are: games - imitations of images of animals, people, literary characters. Dramatization games are role-playing dialogues based on text. But in the director's game, "artists" are toys or their deputies, and the child, organizing activities as a "screenwriter and director", controls the "artists". "Voicing" the characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of expression.

The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten: tabletop, flat and three-dimensional, shadow puppet, finger, etc. In order to develop the creative abilities of children in the process of theatrical activities, it is necessary to highlight multiple conditions:

• The first condition is the enrichment of the environment with the attributes of theatrical activities and the free development of this environment by children (a mini theater, which is periodically replenished with new attributes and decorations);
• The second condition is meaningful communication between the teacher and children.
• The third condition is the education of children expressive means theatrical activities:

facial expressions- tells us without words about certain feelings and moods of a person, that is, when a person expresses any emotions.

Gestures – dynamic movement body: arms, legs, head, etc., as well as posture.

Pantomime- facial expressions combined with gestures.

Classification of theatrical games

In children younger preschool age the primary development of the director's theatrical game is noted through:

• tabletop toy theatre;
• table plane theater;
• planar theater on flannelgraph;
• finger theatre.

AT age 4-5 years the child masters different types of table theater:

• soft toys;
• wooden theater;
• cone theatre;
• theater of folk toys;
• planar figures;
• theater of spoons;
• theater of riding puppets (without a screen, and by the end school year- and with a screen), etc.

AT senior and preparatory age groups , children can be introduced to puppets, the theater of the "living hand", the shawl theater, people - puppets.

Walking theater

shadow theater

pedagogical experience of the educator:

Tereshchenko N.N., v. Vad

Municipal Preschool educational institution Kindergarten "Chamomile"

Modern preschool institutions looking for new humanistic, student-centered approaches to education. Today, many educators are concerned about finding non-traditional ways in creative interaction with children. How to make every lesson with a child interesting and exciting, simply and unobtrusively tell him about the most important thing - about the beauty and diversity of this world, how interesting it is to live in it? How to teach a child everything that is useful to him in this difficult modern life? How to educate and develop his main abilities: to hear, see, feel, understand, fantasize and invent?

The relevance of this problem is determined by the fact that the development of creative abilities in children contributes to the comprehensive development of the child's personality, increases his further education. One of the most popular and exciting destinations in preschool education is a theatrical activity. It is theatrical activity that allows solving many pedagogical problems related to the formation of the expressiveness of the child's speech, intellectual and artistic and aesthetic education. By participating in theatrical games, children become participants in various events from the life of people, animals, plants, which gives them the opportunity to learn more deeply the world. At the same time, a theatrical game instills in the child a steady interest in their native culture, literature, and theater. Huge and educational value theatrical games, children develop a respectful attitude towards each other, they learn the joy associated with overcoming the difficulties of communication, self-doubt.

My main goal is to develop the creative abilities of children by means of theatrical art. Theatrical activity develops the personality of the child, instills a steady interest in literature, theater, improves the skill to embody certain experiences in the game, encourages the creation of new images.

Tasks:

1. To consolidate children's ideas about various types of puppet theaters, be able to distinguish between them and name (table theatre, toy theatre, shadow theater, mitten theater, etc.)
2. Develop children's speech with the help of puppet theater, improve the ability to convey emotional condition heroes with facial expressions, gestures, body movements.
3. Develop memory, thinking, imagination, attention of children.

Expected results:

• Enrich vocabulary children with nouns, adjectives, adverbs.
• Increase the speech activity of children.
• Encourage statements in the form complete sentences to writing fairy tales.
• Develop elements of creativity, initiative; with the help of a teacher, participate in the staging and dramatization of folk tales.
• Raise in children an interest and love for fiction.

Usage non-traditional forms in theatrical activities:

• Non-traditional form of the lesson (the content of such classes is not only acquaintance with the text, but also with gestures, facial expressions, movements, costumes)
• The use of bright, non-traditional subject equipment of the lesson: a set of soft modules as decorations that allow you to change plot picture theatrical performance, unconventional materials for the manufacture of various types of theater.

I have been working on this topic for three years. I started my work by choosing different types of theaters. Then she actively began to use the theater in her classes, to stage with children theatrical performances. The guys in my group showed such fairy tales as "Turnip" , "Kolobok" , "The Tale of the Cockerel" , "Swan geese" , "How hares built a house" (Appendix).

Chapter 1. Puppet theater as an art form

1. 1. Puppet theater in kindergarten

Theater is one of the most democratic and accessible forms of art for children. It allows you to solve many actual problems modern educators geeks and psychology related to:

• art education and upbringing of children.
• development of aesthetic taste.
• moral education
• development of communicative qualities of a person.
• education of the will, development of memory, imagination, fantasy and speech.
• creating a positive emotional mood, stress relief, conflicts through the game.

The theater not only reveals the spiritual and creative potential child, but also gives him real opportunity adapt to social sphere. It has a great influence on comprehensive development child's personality.

From pedagogical practice it is clear that children most of all love to play with theatrical puppets, show performances, improvise. Playing with a theatrical puppet, the child, on behalf of the hero, talks about his thoughts, feelings, with the help of a puppet he can express and regulate his own experiences. Playing with dolls, interacting with other people, timid children begin to comprehend the process of communicating with peers and as adults, they will be able to behave differently, and depending on the situation, be persistent.

Modern children do not sufficiently represent the life of their ancestors, their way of life, traditions and customs. Festivities fun occupied a very prominent place in the life of the Russian people. The foundations of the future were born in the fair festivities professional theater. Studying the history of Russian culture and participating in performances will help children better understand the traditions of their people.

Puppet theater is an art that kids get to know on early stage of his life, is a favorite childhood spectacle. Kids are often afraid of Santa Claus, the Bear and other characters performed by actors on the stage of theaters, but they enjoy playing with toys depicting them. small size. Accustomed to the small size of toys, they are not afraid of the wolf or Baba Yaga, they even threaten with their fingers and drive them away. Therefore, a puppet theater for little ones even has some advantages over a theater in which human artists perform. It has long become a necessary component in the life of our kindergarten. "Chamomile" .

What is the importance of puppet theater for the development of preschool children?

• Our puppet theater affects young viewers with a whole complex artistic means. When showing performances of the puppet theater, the following are used: art word, and a visual image: a doll, pictorial and decorative design, song, musical accompaniment.
• The professional use of puppet theater renders great help in everyday work with children for the development of mental, moral, aesthetic education in children. Creates for children good mood, enriches with impressions, evokes emotions in them, promotes the development of patriotism and artistic education. Happy smiles, burning eyes and joyful faces of our kids during the performance convincingly testify how children love the puppet theater, they are looking forward to the opening of the curtain.
• Its educational value is very important. In the preschool period, the child begins to form the character, interests, attitude to the environment. It is at this age that it is very useful to show children examples of friendship, kindness, love for Russia, honesty, truthfulness, diligence, to show tears and laughter, and the image of modern life.
• Puppet theater, by its nature, is close and understandable to young children and therefore has a huge emotional impact on them. On the stage of our theater they see familiar and beloved dolls and toys. When the "revived" dolls begin to move, speak, they transfer the children to a completely new, fascinating world, the world of living toys, where everything is unusual, everything is possible and attractive.
• Music is an important component of the performance and aesthetic education of children. She sets off, sets the character and rhythm for each character, each mise-en-scene, emphasizes the rhythm of the movements of the dolls and their mood. The performance of the puppet theater does not pass without the singing and dancing of the puppets, which children love and know very much. Music shapes, gives volume and charisma to the performance. Familiar melodies and songs bring children and heroes closer together. It is very good when the children themselves sing a song with the hero and dance during the break of the performance together with the heroes, performing familiar movements in games and dances.

You can start introducing children to puppet theater from the first junior group. Educators, older preschoolers show small performances to kids, using various types of theaters for this purpose: picture theater, b-ba-bo theater.

By the end of the year, the children of the first junior group, having gained some experience, try to independently participate in the puppet show. This aspiration needs to be supported, developed and strengthened. For this purpose, a finger theater is suitable.

For children of the second younger group, the easiest and most accessible theater is the puppet theater on the table.

AT middle group moving on to more complex theatre. We introduce children to the theater screen and riding puppets, puppets.

AT senior group children should be introduced to puppets, show them puppets with "live hand" .

1. 2. Types of puppet theaters

In our kindergarten, we ourselves make and use puppets in our work with children the following types of puppet theater:

• picture theater
• theater on flannelgraph
• table theater
• theater of boxes, balls, cylinders.
• finger theater
• theater mittens
• toy theater
• theater B-ba-bo
• shadow theater

The theater of pictures, the theater on the flannelograph and the table theater - it is the easiest to manufacture and display. Kids can draw and cut such a theater themselves. They will depict pictures, silhouettes and invent their own stories to them. Here everything is flat and dolls and decorations, flannelgraph - they show on a special board (covered with flannel), table theater - on the stage-table. Everything is available cut out of paper or cardboard. The purpose of such theaters is to diversify the game in groups, to make the toy more interesting for them, to entertain and delight children with what they have done with their own hands. Flannelgraph games develop and promote creativity aesthetic education. Young children are very fond of looking at pictures in books, but if the pictures are shown moving, acting, they will get even more pleasure. (Appendix).

Toy theater - everything is voluminous. Toys used are ordinary children's toys bought in a store, plus various things may be needed for display: dishes, a basket, a crib. It is desirable that all toys are one-textured. Such a representation helps a brighter perception, develops spatial and figurative vision of children. The content of the scene should be extremely simple, without movements and actions that are difficult for toys to perform. To show that the toy is walking, we move it slowly forward, if it runs - faster. When showing, you should sit calmly in front of the audience, look at the acting toy, do not make unnecessary movements and avoid unnecessary facial expressions so as not to distract attention from what is happening on the stage, do not hold your free hand on the table, but immediately remove it (Appendix). Purpose: to improve the ability to convey the emotional state of the characters using puppetry techniques.

Theater of boxes, balls, cylinders - children make themselves out of finished materials: boxes and balls. It remains only to draw or glue - eyes, noses, ears, horns, bows and aprons, hooves and shoes. And what is needed for a little fairy tale. Many interesting things will be offered by the children themselves during work (Appendix). The purpose of such theaters is to diversify the game, to make toys more interesting for children, to entertain and delight them with what is done by oneself.

Theater of fingers - small bags sewn from fabric, dressed on children's fingers. These bags have elements of animals and the image of people. (Appendix). Purpose: to develop fine motor skills of hands, improve gestures.

Theater of mittens - children's mittens and gloves. No need to overload with real details (Appendix). Purpose: to form the ability to drive with dolls, independently invent movements to create an image, develop fine motor skills of hands.

Theater Bi-ba-bo - the doll is put on the hand, where forefinger- this is the head, and the fingers to the right and left are the hands (Appendix). Purpose: to consolidate the skills of managing puppets with "live hand" , enrich the vocabulary of children, develop a clear and correct diction.

Shadow theater is silhouettes of plots and puppets cut out of cardboard and covered with black ink. (Appendix). Purpose: to develop the imagination of children, to teach them to collectively and coherently interact with each other, showing their individuality.

To puppet shows were professionally bright, we adults first learn to own theatrical puppets ourselves. The stage of our theater is a screen. On it there is an action of puppets, with decorations. Behind the screen are the puppeteers of their puppets with attributes for showing the performance.

1. 3. Theatrical games

Theatrical art is close and understandable to children, because the theater is based on the game. As independence develops, children show more and more new ideas for theatrical games, the impetus for the deployment of which are fairy tales, stories, stories, cartoons that caused their vivid images and interesting stories desire to play. The game is the most accessible and interesting way for a child to process and express impressions, knowledge and emotions. In a theatrical game, emotional development: children get acquainted with the feelings, moods of the characters, master the ways of their external expression, realize the reasons for this or that mood. The importance of theatrical play is also great for speech development (improving dialogues and monologues, mastering the expressiveness of speech). Finally, the theatrical game is a means of self-expression and self-realization of the child.

Characteristic features of theatrical games are literary or folklore basis their content and the presence of viewers. They can be divided into two main groups: dramatization and directing.

In dramatization games, a child, playing a role as "artist" , independently creates an image with the help of a complex of means of verbal and non-verbal expressiveness. The types of dramatization are:

• games imitating images of animals, people, literary characters;
• role-playing dialogues based on the text;
• performances of works; staging performances based on one or more works;
• improvisation games with plot acting out (or several plots) without prior preparation.

In director's game “artists are toys or their substitutes, and the child, organizing activities as a “screenwriter and director” , manages "artists" . "Voicing" characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of verbal expressiveness. The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten.

Theatrical activity simultaneously performs a cognitive, educational and developmental function.

I participate in theatrical games, children learn about the world around them, become participants in events from the life of people, animals and plants. The theme of theatrical games can be varied.

The educational value of theatrical games is in the formation of a respectful attitude of children towards each other, the development of collectivism. Particularly important moral lessons fairy tale games that children receive as a result of a joint analysis of each game.

In theatrical games, the creative activity of children develops. Children become interested when they not only speak, but also act like fairy-tale characters.

In a theatrical game, children imitate the movements of characters, while their coordination is improved, a sense of rhythm is developed. And movements, in turn, increase the activity of the speech-motor analyzer.

From game to game, the activity of children increases, they memorize the text, transform, enter the image, master the means of expression. Children begin to feel responsible for the success of the game.

Speaking to the audience, children overcome shyness and embarrassment, mobilize their attention. All these qualities will have a beneficial effect on learning activities child at school will help him feel confident among his peers.

So, the theatrical game is one of the most effective ways impact on the child, in which the principle of learning is most clearly manifested: to teach while playing!

Chapter 2. Theatrical activity as a process of interaction, communication and learning

2. 1. Theatrical activity as a priority direction of my pedagogical activity

Important right from the start early childhood attach little man theater, literature, painting. The sooner this is started, the more results can be achieved. Working in kindergarten "Chamomile" , I chose theatrical activity as one of the priority areas.

Starting from the 2nd junior group and until the graduation, I teach children the basics acting skills and at the same time introduce them to various types puppet theatres. For this purpose, I use artistic and finger games, games for the expressiveness of movements, their plasticity and coordination.

The world of the theater is a path to the child's inner feelings, his soul.
L.S. Wygodsky

What is theater?

This is the best, according to K.S. Stanislavsky, a means for people to communicate, to understand their innermost feelings. This is a miracle capable of developing creative inclinations in a child, stimulating the development of mental processes, improving bodily plasticity, and forming creative activity; help bridge the spiritual gap between adults and children

Theater is a collective theatrical activity, and it is aimed at a holistic impact on the child's personality. The child becomes liberated, begins to create independently, through the theater the child learns himself and begins to grow as a person. The theater creates conditions for the socialization of the child in society, enhances adaptive abilities, corrects communicative qualities, helps to realize a sense of satisfaction, joy, success.

The prosperity and development of theatrical activities in kindergarten is not possible without the use of puppet theater. It is the main link in the development and improvement of children's knowledge in the field of theatrical art. Puppet theater is one of the most favorite shows for children. It attracts with its brightness, colorfulness, dynamics. In the puppet theater, children see toys familiar and close to them, which come to life and move, speak and become even more attractive and interesting. Puppet theater brings a lot of pleasure, joy. It is one of the most accessible art forms for children.

Types of puppet theaters

1. Table puppet theatre.
2. Stand theater.
3. Theater on hand.
4. Riding puppets.
5. Floor dolls.
6. Live Puppet Theatre.
7. Table puppet theatre. Table theater toys can be made of paper, foam rubber, boxes, wire, natural materials, etc.

• Theater on a flat picture
• Theater on mugs
• cone
• Toy theater
• flat toys

On the cardboard, draw two sides of the character and cut it out, from the bottom you need to leave a small part of the cardboard on both halves. Then bend these parts and glue a circle to them - a stand. You can also use as a stand: corks from plastic bottles, halves of Kinder - eggs, etc.

• theater on a flat picture
• Theater on mugs
• Cut out a picture of a character and stick it on a mug or glass.
• cone theater

Toys from cones and cylinders.

To get a cone, you need to cut a circle, fold it in half and cut along the fold line. Glue the cones from the semicircles, turning them into figures, glue the details.

To get a cylinder, glue them from rectangular sheets thick paper. Decorate with an application by gluing the details of the character

Toy theater

Ready-made and home-made from different materials: kinder - eggs, flour salt, plasticine, etc.

table theater

The table theater can also include: theaters of knitted toys, theaters from boxes, on disks, on cubes and many others.

2. Poster theater

• flannelgraph
• Shadow play
• Magnetic
• stand book

Flannelgraph Draw figures on thin cardboard, cut them out, on back sides glue the pieces of flannel. Screen - thick cardboard or plywood covered with a piece of flannel

shadow theater

1. Finger.

Cut out the character's head from cardboard and glue a paper tube to it for the performer's index finger. The performer's hand is the torso of the character, and the middle and thumb are the legs.

2. Theater "live" hand shadows.

With the help of fingers, various animals, birds, objects, etc. are depicted.

3. . Cut out silhouettes.

cut out of cardboard different silhouettes and stick them on long sticks. During the show, the silhouette must be held by the stick and moved as needed.

Shadow screen device.

The screen is made of any translucent material (fabric, tracing paper), stretched over a frame made of plywood, cardboard, installed like a regular screen, behind it a light source is installed - a lamp.

Theatrical performance is also shown on the reverse side. Only the silhouettes of the characters are visible from the front.

Magnetic theater

Stick a piece of magnet on the back side of the cardboard with the image of the character. The theater is ready to use

Stand - book

3. Theater on hand

The characters are placed on the hand of a child or an adult; when the fingers move, the impression of the movement of the character is created.

• Finger
• Mitten
• glove
• Theater on hand

1Finger

Characters for finger theater can be made from different materials: knitted from threads, sewn from fabric, from foam rubber, etc.

22. Mittens Theatre.

Characters are sewn from

fabrics in the form of mittens. She can represent the head of a doll, while thumb serves as the character's nose. And also it can be turned into a whole little animal, then the thumb will be the tail, and the mitten itself will be the body, the head and other details are sewn to it. You can use old unnecessary mittens.

3 Glove.

The head, clothes, necessary details of the character are sewn onto the glove.

4. Riding puppets

Puppets that are necessary when showing a theatrical performance using a screen.

On spoons

Cane puppets

1 Theater on spoons - The oval or round part of the spoon is shaped like a head (thread hair, eyes, mouth, etc.), then a body is attached to the head in the form of a dress, a shirt - a piece of fabric.

2 cane puppets - Cane puppets can be made in the form of a toy on a stick - a cane or in the form of a cardboard toy, which is also glued to a stick.

3 Bibabo - A doll's head is put on the index finger, and the big and middle finger serve as hands. Dresses are sewn for them, decorated with details. (pocket, apron, belt). Heads can be made from foam rubber, fabric, papier-mâché. For the head, you need to make a circle from any fabric, collect it around the perimeter on a thread, fill it with cotton. Sew on nose, hair, etc.

5 Floor dolls

Puppets.

The characters of the puppet theater are also made from different materials. Details can be sewn according to the principle of making a soft toy according to a pattern - a pattern that is superimposed on the fabric, outlined in chalk, cut, and simple details are sewn together. The principle of operation of such toys is due to the fishing line tied to the cross.

6 Living Puppet Theater

• Puppets
• doll people
• Masque

The puppet theater is wonderful trip to the land of a living fairy tale! Not only every child, but also an adult who has kept in his heart live perception life, crosses the theatrical threshold with a justified expectation of a miracle and magic! It is here, seeing the heroes of books and fairy tales come to life, that the child begins to learn the joy of co-creation, empathy, love for art in the broadest sense of the word!

I wish everyone creative success in the development of theatrical art.