Generalization of pedagogical experience
teachers of the basics of Orthodox culture and primary classes
Gazdalieva Alexandra Mikhailovna.
Krasnodar Territory, the village of Tbilisskaya.
MOU "Gymnasium No. 2"
Not beyond the seas, not beyond the forests, but next to us lives a whole world - the world of Orthodoxy. But not everyone knows about it. Adults, busy with worries, often do not notice it. But for children to see this world is not so difficult. Fortunately, the subject of the Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture has been introduced in our schools. Anyone can study this subject. This is the entrance to the world of Orthodoxy. Speaking figuratively, my experience that I present today is, az, beeches, lead, verb, good. I study myself - I give knowledge - I act - I get results. Initial letters will accompany my story.
So, Az
I, Gazdalieva Alexandra Mikhailovna, a teacher of primary classes, the basics of Orthodox culture, have been teaching this course for the third year in my 1 "A" and 5 "a" class, which I graduated from.
In my family from time immemorial, Orthodox traditions have been honored and honored. Therefore, conducting the OPK course is very close to me.
The academic year is the Orthodox alphabet. Each lesson is a letter. Letter - knowledge - action.
over the problem education of spirituality through the revival of Cossack traditions I have been working for 4 years.
Goal of the work : to form a system of spiritual and moral values in children based on the study of the Fundamentals of Orthodox culture.
Tasks: to create such conditions for the development of an independent and creatively thinking personality so that the observance of moral forms becomes an internal need of students, helps in socialization and self-determination in the future.
The system of educational work is built according to the authorized educational program "Kazachok". She has been tested for three years. My students are now fifth graders. Now this program is implemented in the 1st grade and is designed for four years.
"Cossacks - Knights of Orthodoxy" is a fundamental part of the program. It runs like a red thread through all directions.
The next letter B is letters, and letters are knowledge.
I teach "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" under the program of L.L. Shevchenko.
"The road will be mastered by the one who walks" - this is our motto, which aims at constant movement forward and upward. My task, as a teacher, is to lead the children along this path, not to let the spark of interest and curiosity die out, to contribute in every possible way to the awakening in the child of the feeling of being a citizen of the Fatherland. A student-centered approach to learning helps me with this. There is no other approach to this subject.
Love, understand, accept, sympathize, help. These are the core values in my approach to learning.
Considering that the OPK course is new for all of us, I chose the path of creating my own methodological bank. It included: the development of lessons, presentations of topics studied, the children's library "Orthodox Rainbow", diagnostic cards for tracking the effectiveness of the forms of work used, the experience of teachers in the military-industrial complex of the region and Russia, a set for making crafts for Orthodox holidays.
But my main find was the "Orthodox alphabet". Considering the age characteristics of younger students, when children have to read, see, examine, touch, let the material being studied in the lesson, I saw the need to create a teaching aid for children.
This is how my alphabet “From word to word, from mouth to mouth” was born.
The alphabet includes concepts from basic texts sacred history and additional texts, poems, riddles, games. It has colorful illustrations that enliven performances on various topics. I use this manual, both for the first grade and for the fifth. "Orthodox alphabet" is printed out for each student. With this guide, I use the following methods:
Read the concept, write it down in a notebook and draw a picture
Write the warmest words about today's topic
guess a riddle
Make up a story based on the illustration
Finish the story
Think and combine concepts
Learn the poem by heart
The appendix to the alphabet is a small piggy bank of good deeds - a kind of portfolio for each child. It stores:
- notebook "Orthodox alphabet", in which children write down concepts, poems, proverbs, diagrams;
- manual "Human Qualities";
- additional material that was given by the teacher or prepared by the student;
- creative work;
- applications.
- individual projects
And again I leaf through the alphabet. Initial letter V lead we know. My forms and methods of work.
- I spend my lessons in the form of travels, excursions, holidays, meetings with interesting people, artists, poets and writers of our village
I try to make every lesson unconventional, every lesson is a discovery. There is a parable about the roads, in which they argued about their importance. But the most important was the path that leads to the Temple. “Today God's path has led us…”, with these words I begin each lesson. This is a very successful technique, I was convinced of this by the constant questions of the children: “Where will God's path lead us today?”
I use a variety of teaching methods:
- I would like to dwell on some of these methods.
The most successful method of influencing a child is moralizing reading, evangelism. The method of evangelism was shown to us by the Lord Himself. One of the key methods of preaching the Lord Jesus Christ was a parable. The parable is well remembered by both children and adults.
Reverend Seraphim Sarovsky said: “Mother, mother! Do not hurry to teach the children something in French and German, but prepare their souls first, and the rest will follow later. Therefore, I place the greatest emphasis, especially in the first grade, on the formation of the moral and spiritual qualities of the individual. At the lessons we talk a lot about friendship, kindness, relationships between people. A great help in the work is the card file of my methodological bank, created according to the collections of Boris Gonago and good stories for little children "Grains", according to Orthodox children's magazines and other sources.
Calligraphy - as a method I use, starting from grade 1. As an elementary school teacher, I am looking for ways to successfully master the skills and abilities of beautiful writing. “A child who acquires the ability to write “Lord, have mercy” and “God, be merciful to me a sinner” becomes interested in the matter much more than if he was forced to write: “wasp, mustache, porridge, mother,” says teacher S.A. Rachinsky in his book " rural school". Why is that? A child who does not yet know who God is, who does not know any dogmas, who in fact does not know faith, nevertheless feels the sacred, feels God.
The project method is the most demanded. It is no coincidence that it is often the result of a lesson. Which is natural, since this type of activity meets the age characteristics of children, the desire to participate in collective creative affairs. We have created the projects "Saint patrons", "Christmas in my family", "Named in the name of Catherine", "Water is a gift of God", "Easter egg".
I use design work two types: individual and collective. An example is the long-term research work Our Temple. Past. The present. Future". Since the history of the Holy Intercession Church of Art. Tbilisi is not recorded anywhere, I, together with the children and parents, decided to recreate it. During the collection of material, we met with parishioners of the church, museum staff, and turned to the archive.
As an example for parents and students, I wrote my research work “Faith in the blood of a Cossack”, the main part of which is devoted to the genealogy of my family. With this work, I emphasized that education begins in the family. A family is strong where parents and elders are revered, where they remember and respect their roots, where traditions are carefully preserved.
So, studying the Commandments, (working on the ABC) led me to the idea of a long-term project "My family is my beginning." I predict the growth of spiritual and moral foundations in the families of my pupils, as I found a response from my parents, a desire to engage in this project.
I constantly ask myself the question of how effective my classes are. I carry out constant diagnostics, what is good, what is bad, how to do better.
As a test of knowledge, I use tests, crossword puzzles.
The most touching moment in the lesson is the dialogue with oneself: “Have I become better? How can I apply the acquired knowledge in life?”, “What does my heart say?”. There is a reflection on one’s internal state, introspection, that is, reflection
A bright continuation of the classes are creative homework. I use different types of homework:
Write a mini essay
Make questions about the topic being studied
Compose a crossword
Write the end of the story
Prepare a message
In order to increase interest in the study of the defense industry, to make the lesson capacious, colorful, deep, I use modern pedagogical technologies and teaching aids: working with an interactive whiteboard, with electronic aids, the electronic game "Orthodoxy". A well-equipped modern office, received as part of the PNPO in 2006, helps to implement the plan. The possibilities of the cabinet allow me to use not only ready-made materials, but also create educational films and educational games. Films I have made: Holy Mother of God"," Saints cover
Verb, speak. Our deeds speak for themselves.
EPC at school is not only a lesson. This life is interesting, rich, creative. The proof of this was the request of children from the parallel class to attend these particular classes. We can talk about our interesting life in other lessons.
OPC is a rich life Since I am a primary school teacher, I have a unique opportunity to integrate Orthodoxy with other academic subjects: literary reading, history, Kuban studies, labor education, fine arts
OPK is an interesting and active life
My students annually take part in events dedicated to the commemoration of hundreds of Grechishkin, visit memorable places. 15 people from their five-graders are members of the exemplary children's ensemble "Kalinushka" and study Cossack and Orthodox songs. Children constantly participate in regional and regional competitions, theatrical performances: Christmas, Trinity, Maslenitsa, Winter Christmas time, Harvest Festival.
OPK is a creative life
I see the great effectiveness of work on the OPK in creative collaboration with the center aesthetic education children, where professionals work. At my request, they wrote a development program for applied arts, designed for 4 years, taking into account the program for the defense industry. Children attend classes 2 times a week. Efficiency is our exhibitions, the ability to work, the need to occupy ourselves in our free time.
Az, Letters from Vedava
Verb: Good is.
D is good. These are our good deeds.
For 3 years, together with the regional television studio "Metoron-3", we have been preparing holiday programs, programs "The Basics of Orthodoxy". “This Day of Victory”, “My Family”, “Bright Holiday Easter”, Myrrh-bearing Wives”, “Day of Russia”. In these programs, we talk about the holidays and congratulate our countrymen.
The upbringing of the soul, compassion, respect for the elders is facilitated by the patronage of war veterans, to whom the children provide assistance and participation in the school actions "Stream of Mercy".
Having read in the newspaper "Prikubanskie Ogni" about a family that really needs help, the guys immediately responded to this call. Children and parents collected things, food, toys and took them to the editorial office. Correspondents asked: "What prompted you to this act?" The guys answered: "Jesus Christ said that by dressing the poor, you dress me."
A lot of help in my work is provided by the parents of my class. Not a single lesson, event is complete without their participation. In some matters they are initiators and movers. I am convinced that such participation of parents in the school life of their children, the upbringing of spirituality and morality is already giving a positive result.
I am convinced that the parent lecture hall played a positive role by uniting parents and children in our affairs
A new subject in the Russian school - OPK, is treated ambiguously. Lots of controversy. What? How? Why? You can argue a lot, but the result is obvious. My student Abdueva Rabiyat is a winner of the municipal level of the Olympiad “Holy Rus', keep the Orthodox faith!” Together with a psychologist, we conducted a survey. Interest in the subject is growing, it contributes to an increase in spiritual and moral culture, conscious participation in the multiplication of beauty in the world around us, the formation of value systems - goodness, love, justice, mercy.
Participation in the experiment on the study of the course of the defense industry is impossible without deep self-education. I do not miss the opportunity to contact the priests of our village and the village of Kazanskaya. I note with gratitude the great help of Father Basil, Dean of the Kropotkinsky district, and the rector of the Holy Trinity Church, Father Cassian.
This year she visited the IV Annunciation Forum, held at the All-Russian Center "Orlyonok" and took part in the work of the section "Ways and Opportunities of Spiritual and moral education preschoolers", speaking to colleagues with experience in "Educating the spirituality of younger students through the revival of Cossack traditions."
She took part in the regional competition of multimedia lessons in the nomination "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and became a laureate. In 2008, a competition was held throughout the region for the best development of a lesson on the topic “In the Name of St. Catherine”. I took part and took 3rd place in the region among primary school teachers. I publish my own material on the website of the Internet State of Teachers.
So, there are still so many initial letters ahead, which means many good deeds. In the future I see:
1) Creation of the Kindness of Hearts parent club: fostering family values
2) Family projects (little books, our workshop)
3) Subscription project: children's magazine for family reading "Orthodox Rainbow" or "Candle" in every family)
4) to continue joint work with the television studio, to participate in the preparation of programs for all Orthodox holidays.
Leading this course has a huge impact on both the children and me as a person. After all, not a single subject in school teaches you to take care of your soul, think about your actions, work on yourself. Opening the world of Orthodox culture for children, I first of all discover it for myself.
Municipal Budgetary Society educational institution secondary school No. 12 of the municipality Abinskiy
Generalization of the experience of the teacher of the OPK and ORKSE
MBOU secondary school No. 12
Clubs of Rimma Alexandrovna
on this topic
Formation of spiritual moral personality students
at the lessons of the OPK and ORKSE.
year 2014
Experience Theme
"Formation of the spiritual and moral personality of students
at the lessons of the OPK and ORKSE. ”
FULL NAME.: Dubina Rimma Alexandrovna
Education: higher
The name of the institution: KubSU
Year of ending: 2000
Diploma specialty: historian, lecturer in the specialty "History"
Place of work: MBOU secondary school No. 12 MO Abinskiy district
Job title: teacher of history, social studies, DIC and ORKS
Pedagogical experience: 22
Length of service in current position: 16 years
Qualification:
Leading idea of experience.
The issue of spiritual and moral education of children is one of the key problems facing every parent, society and the state as a whole. At present, a priority situation has developed in society in the matter of spiritual and moral education. younger generation.
In our time, it is especially obvious that without the spirituality that Orthodoxy brings with it, we cannot survive, we cannot find harmony in society. It hurts that compassion, sympathy, eternal values, disappear from our souls. And without the spiritual help of Orthodoxy simply can not do. The Orthodox pedagogical tradition in Russia has been developing for ten centuries, and its basic foundation has always been love for people, so the problem of violence did not arise as such.
Russian Orthodoxy traditionally sees the meaning of education in the spiritual enlightenment and upbringing of a person. The strength of Orthodoxy lies in the priority of spiritual values over material goods, in an undistorted spiritual worldview and the purpose of a person. Spirituality is understood as a value dimension higher principles: kindness, love, truth, truth, beauty, life, humanity, sympathy, as the priority of such values as Motherland, family, duty, feat. They should become the norms of our life, and the life of children.
The problem of spiritual and moral education must be solved already in the younger years. school age, as the most emotional and receptive period of childhood, when "hearts are open to virtue." It is known that the basis of spiritual and moral education is the culture of society, family and educational institution - the environment in which the child lives, in which formation and development take place. Culture is, first of all, a system of values fixed in traditions. It is necessary to satisfy spiritual needs and search for higher values.
How more baby develops, the more he absorbs and begins to feel all the richness and diversity of our culture, the more spiritual questions he has, the more he thinks about the meaning of life. Raising a strong personality in a child is impossible without a spiritual and moral base. If a person learns a wise attitude towards suffering and trials, he will become a strong personality in the full sense of the word.
Spiritual and moral education is an inexhaustible, multifaceted area: literature, theater, natural Sciences, any practical branch of teaching can and should become a help for the development and growth of the child's soul. And our world will bloom like a garden when the souls of our children bloom.
modern school needs materials that develop the soul of children.
It is wonderful that such an opportunity appeared at the school during the lessons of the defense industry and the ORCSE. However, the introduction of the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" This is a fundamental step in the reunification of education and upbringing. At the same time, secular and religious ethics are not opposed, but mutually complement each other. Which is natural, since there are many points of interaction in the secular and religious approaches to education. The moral qualities of a person of the future society should be laid down today, precisely at the lessons of the Orkse and the defense industry, based on the ideas of goodness, conscience, justice, patriotism, dignity, respect for a person, etc. .
I. The relevance of experience.
The federal state standard of general education defines the spiritual and moral education and upbringing of students as a task of paramount importance, noting that the school today is called upon to educate a free, creative, initiative, self-developing personality. But a person becomes a person only in society, therefore, one of the priority tasks of society and the state is the education of a spiritual and moral citizen of Russia, capable of spiritual development, the realization of creative potential on the basis of moral attitudes and moral norms, ready to act according to his conscience, wanting to "become better."
Yes, currently great attention is given to the problem of moral education of the individual, both at the level of a separate educational institution and at the level of the state. The spiritual and moral development of the younger generation is a priority direction of the state youth policy, the concept of education modernization.
In the Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of the Personality of a Russian Citizen " education is given a key role in the spiritual and moral consolidation of Russian society, its rallying in the face of external and internal challenges, in strengthening social solidarity, in increasing the level of a person’s trust in life in Russia, in fellow citizens, society, the state, the present and future of their country.
Personal education is focused on achieving a certain ideal.
The modern national educational ideal is a highly moral, creative, competent citizen of Russia, who accepts the fate of the Fatherland as his own, aware of the responsibility for the present and future of his country, rooted in the spiritual and cultural traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation.
Unfortunately, many priorities that have developed in the education system in our country as a result of centuries-old traditions are simply lost at the moment.
We have lived to the time when the area of what is permitted, morally permissible, by the standards of common sense, has sharply narrowed. What recently was absolutely unthinkable, in modern world became the norm. Money began to solve many issues, a lie is often considered a manifestation of resourcefulness, debauchery is a natural need of the body, and betrayal is a business necessity.
Undoubtedly, modern teenager hard to deal with life. Parents often have no time, and here the media come to the rescue, which form a pattern of behavior: individualism, following the principle “take everything from life”. Patriotic, moral and cultural values have been relegated to the periphery of the inner world, they have been replaced by other values that do not meet the standards and requirements high culture, morality, law, patriotism and religion. Cynicism, unmotivated aggressiveness, disrespectful attitude towards the state became widespread, the spiritual and patriotic stability of a person, his ability to survive, creativity, and cultural arrangement decreased. own life. In many ways, the sense of responsibility and duty to parents, family, team, society, and Fatherland has been lost. The younger generation has now lost the main factor in the development of personality - the upbringing of the spirit. The youth environment is characterized by "double morality", "dehumanization" of behavior, orientation to the attributes of mass, mainly Western culture (again, due to the reduction of true spiritual, cultural, national values characteristic of Russian mentality). All this causes concern for the future of Russia.
One wise man asked those around him three questions: “What is the most important thing for a person? What is the most important time for a person? Who is the most important person for us? People responded differently. Then the wise man said to them: “The most important thing for us in life is what we are doing now. The most important time is the moment in which we live. The most important person in our life is the one we are dealing with right now.”
Our children are next to us, so they are the most important people for us. We live for the sake of children, so that all the good and bright that is in ourselves can be invested in a son or daughter. In 5-10 years, those who sit at school desks today will stand at the helm of the state. Whether they become spendthrifts, consumers, and nihilists, or whether they become true patriots of their country, spiritual and moral people who know and love their fatherland, who cherish traditions and care about the prosperity of the Motherland - it depends on us.
The replacement of spiritual values with material ones led to a spiritual and moral crisis of a person, the loss of guidelines in this area and, as a result, the degradation of his basic properties: thinking, will, conscience, faith.
However, in order to maintain the life and performance of the body, a person must live within the laws of the physical world. And in order to maintain the purity and strength of the soul, he must live within the framework of the spiritual laws laid down by God as the basis of the universe. Ignoring the foundations of spiritual life leads to a painful state of a person's soul, in which he loses the meaning of life, the joy of being, sacrificial love, and creative work.
The implementation of the courses "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" contributes to the formation of the spiritual and moral sphere of the individual based on an activity approach.
The courses are complex both in terms of content and in terms of methodology and technology for organizing educational activities. On the one hand, teaching requires the assimilation of a certain knowledge component from the field of history, literature, cultural studies, and religious studies. On the other hand, the content of the courses is focused primarily on the upbringing and spiritual development of the child. This key goal involves an active approach to learning, which dictates the use of a wide range of modern educational methods and technologies aimed at organizing a lively dialogue in the classroom, the active participation of the child in the learning process itself.
II .Goals and objectives.
Purpose: to familiarize schoolchildren with the moral and spiritual values of Orthodox culture in order to educate, form and develop a highly moral, creative, competent citizen of Russia.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks:
1. Preservation of spiritual and moral health and transformation of the spiritual image of children.
2. Introducing students to the moral and spiritual values of Orthodox culture.
3. Development of a system of methodological classes in the field of defense industry and ORKSE, contributing to the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren.
4. Involving parents in creative activity ensuring the preservation and development of the best traditions of spiritual and moral education.
Expected result:
Activation of the spiritual, cultural potential of students.
Formation of a holistic worldview of students and a picture of the world that is adequate to the current level of knowledge and spiritual values of Russian culture.
Positive dynamics of spiritual and moral growth of students.
Pedagogical education of parents on issues of spiritual and moral education.
The assimilation of virtue by the child, his orientation and openness to goodness.
Formation of a positive attitude of the child to the world around him, other people and himself, the hierarchy of relations with adults and peers, the creation of an optimistic children's picture of the world.
The need and willingness to show compassion and empathy.
Subjective psycho-emotional well-being.
Raising a sense of patriotism, the need for selfless service for the good of the Fatherland.
Initiation to the experience of Orthodox culture, familiarity with the forms of the traditional family way of life, understanding of one's place in the family and all possible participation in household chores.
Active attitude to work.
Responsibility for your deeds and actions.
III. Novelty of experience.
The novelty lies in the systematization and generalization of experience in updating the content of modern spiritual and moral education based on the ratio of the Orthodox and secular components of the national cultural and pedagogical tradition;
in the technologization of the process of forming the spiritual and moral sphere of the student's personality by means of the courses "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics".
These courses integrate various educational lines: Orthodox, cultural studies, local history - into a single educational content. A variety of topics reveals the relationship of moral, spiritual and cultural property, which are based on Orthodox traditions, as well as the traditions and customs of the Vladimir land.
Technologization of the process of formation of the spiritual and moral sphere of the student's personality by means of the courses "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and"Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" allows you to use effective methods and tricks. The increased performance of personal computers has made it possible to use multimedia technologies quite widely. In particular, computer presentations are widely used in the OPK and ORSE classes. Application computer technology contributes to the implementation of the following pedagogical goals:
Development of the student's personality, preparation for independent productive activity;
Implementation of the social order, driven by needs modern society;
The possibility of diagnosing the purpose and results of the educational process;
Saving time, money, effort to achieve the goals;
Of decisive importance for the effectiveness of the moral education of schoolchildren is the scientifically based organization of the educational environment, which consists of: the educational space of the school and the real life of the class, organized by the teacher as a collective rule-making (through the establishment of interpersonal, educational, business and other relationships based on common concern); pedagogical support for schoolchildren in the development of their moral culture (direct assistance to children in understanding moral values and the personal significance of moral deeds). The enrichment of educational work with children with modern possibilities of pedagogical computer support complements the structure of the entire educational life of the student. Such support contains real reserves for saturating classes with innovative technologies for developing the moral self-awareness of the individual, positive interpersonal relationships, tolerance, developing a personal position and moral stability.
IV. Theoretical foundations.
Man is a spiritual being, he strives not only for physical development, but also for spiritual development. To unite in oneself the personal and the national, the earthly and the heavenly, the bodily and the spiritual – this is a natural human need, called into this world.
Even the previous Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation A.A. Fursenko in the report on priority areas of development Russian education stressed: “We must stop being ashamed of spiritual pursuits. Efforts towards patriotic education youth, countering drug addiction, extremism, social infantilism and other vices, will be effective only when they are based on spiritual values.”
In society, the measure of understanding is increasing that it is possible to achieve social peace in the country, high morality and culture, a full-fledged patriotic consciousness of the people only by working together - family, school and church.
Only all together - an educational institution, family, church, state - through purposeful educational influence can lay the seeds of love for people and kindness in a person, lay the foundations for understanding that we must really hasten to do good, and not only and not so much "take from life everything” and “to act for the purpose of enrichment in any way”.
One of the main principles of state policy in the field of education is the humanistic universal principle, as well as the principle of cultural conformity, built in accordance with values and norms. national culture and regional traditions. One of the main provisions of the national doctrine of education is the formation of the national identity of the individual in close connection with universal values. The formation of national self-consciousness is largely facilitated by the study of the spiritual values of the people, traditional culture in close connection with common human values. The key to success will be the cooperation of the family and the school. To form a sense of patriotism, morality, spirituality, it is very important to give children knowledge about the Motherland, basic ideas about our country, people, customs, history, culture. But at the same time, it is important not to forget that knowledge in itself is the food of the mind, and patriotism does not come from the mind, it only comes from the heart. The mind, as it were, unwinds the spiritual and moral work of the soul, and in turn, a loving heart creates a patriotic worldview. It is very important to realize precisely the spiritual and moral nature of patriotism, because outside the general context of spiritual and moral education, patriotism will at best turn into profanation, and at worst into chauvinism, national swagger, aggressiveness towards strangers. But the powerful, multifaceted and universal spiritual and moral potential of the Russian cultural tradition can save us from all this. After all, in the course of its millennial formation, our tradition has absorbed everything reasonable, good, eternal that has been created over the centuries. Therefore, education based on knowledge of the traditions, culture, history of one's ancestors should become a priority, not excluding the conjugation of the culture and traditions of Orthodoxy, since the history of our Fatherland is inextricably linked with Orthodoxy. Consequently, in educating a citizen of one's Fatherland, a man of Russian culture, one must also give him the foundations of Orthodoxy, the aesthetic values of Christianity. The educational role of these values should be realized by introducing children to the masterpieces of temple architecture, icon painting, spiritual poetry, music ... It is very important in raising children to get acquainted with the life and deeds of the great patriots of the Russian land, with the lives of saints. All of them are a high moral example for our children.
It is undeniable that Orthodox culture had a decisive influence on the formation and character of Russian culture, Russian national and cultural identity, the specifics of Russian culture in the world cultural and historical space during the entire thousand-year period of its existence. Having accepted Baptism, Rus' destroyed the pagan temples, radically changed family traditions. Orthodoxy became for our ancestors a soul, a family, a community, a home.
Orthodox culture is also a rich Church Slavonic language. This is the only language in the world in which only soulful books have been written from the day of its creation to this day. Each word of his is the sum of meanings. The thought expressed with the help of it is short, but very capacious in content. This language did not allow verbiage. Together with the Cyrillic alphabet came literacy, which was facilitated by church schools.
It is with this wealth of Orthodox Russian culture, which has become a fertile breeding ground for the best representatives of Russia, that the course "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" introduces children. The specificity of the course is its regional component on the history and culture of the Kuban land and the "small motherland" of the child, where he was born and lives.
This course is based on an appeal to the domestic Orthodox traditions of the spiritual and moral education of children. The traditions of Orthodox culture, being deeply rooted in the history of the Russian people, help the younger generation to acquire a spiritual and moral ideal, which for many centuries has been the main criterion for the moral and ethical behavior of a person on our earth, and which can now become a starting point in the education of youth .
Teachers, philosophers, public figures, domestic scientists, the authors of this program clearly understand the fact that without the creation of a nationally oriented education system that returns the individual to their cultural traditions, it is impossible to prepare the growing generation for the perception of the most difficult crisis situation in society. Automation, computerization, globalization, the activity of the media (especially TV) saturate a minor child with “worldview” material that even an adult cannot master without a good spiritual and moral foundation.
Academician V.D. Shadrikov notes that “the school should not be nationally arranged by universal human values. A child at school should live in his native culture and be in his native culture, and he should know other cultures. Knowledge of native Russian culture is necessary for every student of the Russian school. As I.A. Ilyin noted, a person must learn to perceive the Motherland “with the heart, to see with love its precious originality and its unique originality in the entire universal history ...” Only on this basis does a person discover a huge phenomenon of world culture.
V.Experience technology.
The essence of the activity is connected with two main categories - Orthodoxy and culture. I understand Orthodoxy as a sign that distinguishes the Orthodox Church from other religions and includes the true teaching about God.
By "culture" I mean the form public consciousness and reflections of reality, the human environment, represented by the products of his activity. The spiritual component of culture includes ideology, art and religion, which determine the system of spiritual values and social norms.
My pedagogical practice is built on this basis, contributes to the formation of an intellectual, spiritually developed person, integrated into modern society and aimed at improving this society; prepares a socially adapted citizen who is able to make independent decisions in non-standard conditions, without humiliating or destroying either the national or cultural heritage of society. This corresponds to one of the goals of the "National Doctrine of Education of the Russian Federation" - "creating the basis for a sustainable socio-economic and spiritual development Russia, ensuring a high quality of life for the people and national security”.
The forms, methods and means of educational work I use correspond to the goals and objectives of the activity.
Priority methods of training and education:
heuristic (problem-search);
information-receptive (explanatory and illustrative);
research;
practical.
The methods of training and education used in the work have the following advantages:
Inclusion of schoolchildren in the process of constructing a lesson in collaboration with the teacher;
The use of effective forms of joint creative work: "brainstorming", role playing, group research work;
Evaluation of not only the degree of achievement of the set goals, but also the interest of students, their initiative, cooperation.
In my work, solving the tasks, I use a variety of forms (game, group, individual). This allows you to make each of the classes special, interesting. I widely apply methods of problem-based and interactive learning (presentations), organization practical work. I often use proverbs, sayings, wise thoughts famous people, parables, short stories.
The applied forms of organization of educational activities allow to stimulate cognitive activity students in the classroom and outside of school hours, to correct their emotional attitude to the problems of spiritual and moral improvement, to the process of education and upbringing in general.
The organization of the educational process is diverse: lessons, extracurricular activities, conversations, games of moral and spiritual content, press conferences, acts of mercy, parent meetings on spiritual and moral topics, lectures for parents, thematic quizzes, individual consultations, joint collective creative activities of parents and children.
My observations show that modern schoolchildren, in most cases, reject the standard lesson schemes. Because of this, I am always attracted by the search for the most rational ways and methods of teaching, which would combine a deep scientific level of education and an emotional and personal attitude to the subject, so I chose an empirical and integrative approach to conducting lessons and extracurricular activities, involving philosophical understanding of the material, familiarization of students to universal values, approaching the understanding of the world around us and ourselves.
Main activities in my practice:
Disclosure in the lessons of the spiritual and moral aspect of the studied religious and historical documents;
Stimulation of students' own reflections and personal and moral assessments;
Understanding the personal characteristics of prominent religious figures, saints, as well as concepts as one of the forms of reflecting the world with the help of a word;
The formation of aesthetic tastes through the use in lesson and extracurricular work reproductions of paintings, illustrations by famous artists, through watching movies and videos, listening to sound recordings; visiting temples, museums;
Reliance on the individual abilities of students;
Creating an atmosphere of mutual assistance, mutual learning;
The desire to create a situation of success for each student;
Encouragement to search for alternative solutions;
Formation of independence, diligence, creativity, adequate self-esteem of each student in the classroom and extracurricular activities;
Use of differentiated tasks;
Appeal to the subjective experience of students (reliance on life experience, individual attitude to any life situation);
Active study of Russians folk traditions;
Creation of multimedia presentations, videos.
The main thing is that education, purposefulness, curiosity, the ability to acquire knowledge and use it in practice, to increase their knowledge for good, and not for evil, become the image of the future for students; responsibility for the fate of the Motherland, society, family; respect for history and spiritual heritage Russia; the triumph of love, kindness and mercy, respect and compassion.
I consider the positive personal growth of the child to be the main result of humanistic education. Here I rely on the opinion of the doctor of pedagogical sciences V.A. Karakovsky, who believes that in modern society such phenomena as Man, Spirituality, Family, Fatherland, Knowledge, Labor, Culture are recognized as values.
The study of national traditions, the shrines of the Russian people, broadening the horizons in the field of knowledge of the origins of national culture, the formation of spirituality - these are the values that are included in our school.
In the classroom and in extracurricular work, I introduce my students to the world of learning the national traditions of the Russian people through awareness of the role of Orthodoxy in Russian literature and art, and open before them the world of eternal values.
When studying the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics", the module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" was chosen in the 4th grade, and in continuation of the course already in the 5th grade, the module "Fundamentals of Secular Ethics"
Teaching the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics", we build the educational process in the activity model of learning through the interaction of teacher-student, student-student, student-parent, teacher-parent and solving problematic communicative tasks.
This approach provides the student with the opportunity to independently carry out learning, set learning goals, seek and use the necessary means and ways to achieve them, control and evaluate the process and results of activities.
In my work I use a variety of methods, forms and means of the educational process. Priority methods – creative project method, interactive method, dialogue of cultures method. They are the most effective in the process of activity, because they make it possible to build a lesson in collaboration with the student. In my work I use different forms and types of activities, but I consider the most effective joint creative work, designing baby books, creating collages, staging excerpts, joint presentations of children and parents, holding holidays, excursions. Spiritual values, norms, moral attitudes, ideology and beliefs - all this is part of our worldview and is reflected in works of art. In the lessons of the ORKSE, I use illustrative series, which helps the children to imagine, evaluate, compare, and draw conclusions related to the topic being studied. Thus, the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" allows us to strengthen the spiritual and moral component and prepare our students for a more conscious and deep perception of their own self, their family, moral values and cultural characteristics of Russia.
At the age of 10, the child becomes a teenager.
This age period replaces childhood and lasts until about 12 years of age. At this age, there is a noticeable alienation of the child from parents and teachers, the value of the school decreases. It is influenced by the flow of information received from the Internet, with the help of television, computer games, and cinema. At this age stage, I, as a teacher of the Fundamentals of Religious Culture and Secular Ethics, believe that it is during the lessons of the ORSE that immunity of spiritual morality is developed.
To conduct a successful and productive lesson, the school received an educational and methodological kit for the module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture",
which includes: a program, a teacher's book, a textbook, a book for parents, a multimedia disk. Speaking about the teaching materials, I would like to note that the electronic supplement to the textbook provides great methodological assistance, which has interactive models on topics, an illustrative series, sections “It's interesting”, “Golden word”, “Control” and “Simulator”, “ Historical facts". However, they make it difficult to work small font, the impossibility of increasing the font. The electronic application lacks excerpts from films, author's reading of works of art, and a small number of illustrations. Every student has the opportunity to use this disk. Textbooks generally correspond to the age characteristics of younger students. However, the illustrations in the textbook do not always correspond to the topic of the lesson, it is desirable that the textbook materials be supplemented with excerpts from works of art on topics, a terminological dictionary.
The introduction of the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" at the school caused many concerns on the part of the parents of students in our school. They did not understand why our children needed all this and what they would do in these lessons. After the parents' meeting, where we tried to reveal the goals and objectives of the course, the content of the modules, the parents positively supported the introduction of a new training course. parent meetings, books for parents, conversations with teachers who teach this course, dispelled doubts. Constantly invited parents to her lessons, held consultations. Parents got the opportunity to get acquainted with the textbooks used by their children, asked a lot of questions, which means they were interested. Many parents came and shared their impressions about what they read in the textbooks. Parents actively help their children prepare homework, create small presentations, projects for lessons with their children. After each lesson, many children share information at home, immediately prepare their homework, draw, read books.
I successfully apply the technology of critical thinking, the main types of communicative activities, work in groups, the technology of project activities, I actively use the resources of an interactive whiteboard, various creative tasks, puzzles, modern forms and methods of teaching, physical minutes. Along with this, I use various gaming techniques.
I try to be creative when conducting dynamic pauses, physical minutes, when compiling crossword puzzles, presentations for lessons, using Internet resources, where they find the necessary songs, cartoon reproductions. They have the opportunity to use an interactive whiteboard in their lessons. This board helps collective games draw conclusions, draw conclusions. Children work with interest on each task, correct each other, argue, make up the same tasks themselves.
Indeed, our students are happy to come to these lessons, waiting for the next one. The non-judgmental system does not fetter children. They argue a lot, prove, they are not afraid to make a mistake. In class, I often just direct the conversation. Children themselves ask questions, independently look for answers to them. I am pleased when a discussion arises in the lessons, which means that the topic of the lesson is interesting to students. For example, at the 6th lesson "Preaching Christ", some children were outraged by the commandment "... whoever strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also ...". They vigorously expressed their disagreement to humbly endure insults. A problematic situation arose in the lesson: what to do? what to be? In the course of an independent search, an idea was born: revenge hardens and devastates a person.
The guys are doing a really good job with the book. They look at the illustrations with enthusiasm, read the texts. They try to analyze what they have learned. Very often, children prepare messages for lessons on their own, share their knowledge. This is very motivating, makes the teacher improve himself..
Through game tasks, the vocabulary of our students is replenished, speech develops and, of course, positive motivation. It is very good that this course is taught at the exit from elementary school. All moral and cultural concepts are well understood at this age. I would like the course to continue. Moral culture is necessary for every person.
We planned to hold final lessons with the invitation of parents. The students presented presentations of group creative works on previously studied materials on various topics: “Without friends I am a little bit, but with friends there are a lot”, “Traditions of a happy family?”, “A corner dear to my heart”, “City of the future”
Special interest the children were evoked by such a form of work as an interview. The guys interviewed their relatives and friends. It is noticed that the relations between children in the class have become more even, more friendly, more responsible, more friendly.
At each lesson I try to introduce at least elements of independent search, this creates problems in learning - an important basis for the active mental activity of students.
In addition, I use elements of interactive influence in my lessons. Interactive methods are most consistent with a student-centered approach to learning, as they are based on the direct interaction of the student with their experience. Interactive methods contribute to the intensification of the learning process, and allow you to make knowledge more accessible, as well as analyze educational information and creative approach to the assimilation of educational material.
Konstantin Ushinsky, the founder of Russian pedagogy, said:
“Modern pedagogy has grown exclusively on Christian soil, and for us non-Christian pedagogy is an unthinkable thing - a headless freak and activity without a goal, an enterprise without motivation behind and without results ahead ... We consider it convenient to express in general the desire that our secular education come closer to religious ... Orthodoxy is the only religion that provides all the conditions for such a movement”
Studying the history of Christianity, the Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox culture, directly related to Christian spiritual experience, a teenager will get an extra reason to think about what country he lives in, what values his ancestors adhered to, why people, without hesitation, went to death because of their religious, spiritual and moral principles. And most importantly, a teenager will understand that there is something else in life besides food, sleep and pleasure. And as the experience of working at school shows, some teenagers are already cautiously posing this question to themselves. I think that drug addiction, alcoholism and prison are less likely to threaten a person who is at least a little familiar with Orthodox culture and the Orthodox faith.
In our school, military-industrial complex lessons have been held in Cossack-oriented classes since the beginning of the formation of the latter. The defense industry is studied in the 7th grade of the Cossack orientation. In the 11th grade there is an elective course of the GPC "History of World Religions". From the first years of study, it became clear that children and adolescents are interested in this course. The work uses the program and teaching materials of A. V. Borodina. In my classes I use the following formats:
1) a story with a discussion of the most difficult issues of the topic;
2) a conversation with the consolidation of the material in creative works;
3) a short illustrated lecture with tasks to consolidate the material;
4) reading fragments from the Bible, followed by (at the same lesson) discussion and creative assignment;
5) analysis of the text with the disclosure of plots and images of religious content;
6) compiling and solving crossword puzzles.
7) didactic games
8) watching Orthodox cartoons and their subsequent discussion
9) work with Christian parables
10) project method
11) Compilation of a glossary of terms;
12) Creation of a gallery of images; etc.
Were held open lessons"House and family in the Orthodox tradition", "Cross-domed churches in Rus'". Class hour "For the Russian land, for the Orthodox faith" to the 700th anniversary of Sergius of Radonezh. As part of the research work, students got acquainted with the history of the Holy Intercession Church of St. Fedorovskaya, churches and cathedrals of the Krasnodar Territory, went on excursions in Krasnodar in the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky. There are regular meetings of students with the rector of the Holy Intercession Church Father Alexander. Students take an active part in OPC Olympiads.
The program of spiritual and moral education is also implemented through extra-curricular activities. Christmas and Easter exhibitions of handicrafts, drawing competition "From the Old Testament", "My favorite Orthodox holiday", Epiphany gatherings, Day Slavic writing and culture, projects "Holy places of Russia". The knowledge gained in the lessons of the military-industrial complex helps schoolchildren in the study of history, literature, participation in subject Olympiads and international games
I think that the results of work in the future depend on the changes that will take place in the political, socio-cultural life of society, which can significantly affect the state of family and school education. But there is no doubt that close attention to the improvement of spiritual and moral education will always be the main and defining core of pedagogical activity. I hope that purposefulness, education, the ability to acquire knowledge and use it in practice, to increase their knowledge for good, and not for evil, will triumph in the future among my graduates. This is first. And secondly, they will be imbued with responsibility for the fate of the Motherland and family, they will always take care of the historical and spiritual wealth of Russia on the basis of love, kindness, mercy and compassion.
The moral values of the past, accumulated by previous generations, are intended to be transmitted by the education system. Education is not only teaching the sum of certain knowledge, but also the upbringing of a moral, spiritually perfect person.
VI. Productivity.
It is very important today to create an environment in which the formation of the child's personality takes place, to resist the modern environment that cripple the souls of our children, that is, to extend this systematic approach in spiritual and moral education to school and extracurricular work.
In my work, I pay great attention to spiritual and moral education, which, being the core of the formation of the moral personality of a citizen and patriot of Russia, is an integral part of studying the courses "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" at school.
The result of the lessons on ORSE and GIC was the enrichment of children in personal, meta-subject and subject plans.
On a personal level, one can note the manifestation in children of such qualities as benevolence, emotional and moral responsiveness and attention to other people, the rudiments of analysis and control of their own behavior in different life situations.
In the metasubjectIn terms of plan, the ability to carry out information search to complete educational tasks, understanding texts of various styles and genres, conscious construction of speech statements, willingness to listen to the interlocutor, to conduct a dialogue, the ability to learn in the process of solving educational problems of this course, project activities, including - collective;
In the subject plan, the foundations for the acceptance and understanding of basic moral values by children are laid.
"Orthodoxy is moral core our people... In solving managerial issues, in formulating managerial tasks, we must, of course, first of all be guided by common sense. But this common sense must be based on moral principles. There is no and cannot be, in my opinion, in today's world of morality and morality in isolation from religious values ( Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation).
I believe that my work on spiritual and moral education should become a guarantor of the development of my pupils, because it is aimed at shaping a personality that combines worldview culture, high moral qualities, a humanistic attitude to the world, and creative individuality.
The proposed experience is of interest primarily to teachers who teach courses in the EPC and ORSE. However, the experience of this work can also be used by class teachers in order to solve the problems of spiritual and moral education and upbringing of students.
VII. Bibliography.
1. Borodina A. V. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture: teaching aid/ A. V. Borodina. - M.: Orthodox Pedagogy, 2004. - 256 p. - (History of religious culture). - App.: S. 245. - Bibliography: S. 246-252. - ISBN 5-98571-001-7.
2. Danilyuk, A. Ya. The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia / A. Ya. Danilyuk, A. M. Kondakov, V. A. Tishkov. - M.: Enlightenment, 2009. - 23 p. - (Standards of the second generation). - ISBN 978-5-09-022138-2.
3. Karpov, I. P. A creative person. In 2 hours, Part 2: Orthodox traditions in Russian literature of the 20th century: a methodological guide / I. P. Karpov. - M.: Bustard, 2007. - 192 p. - (Teacher's library). - ISBN 978-5-358-00995-0.
4. Kuraev, A. V. Fundamentals of spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture. Grades 4-5: a textbook for general education. institutions / A. V. Kuraev. - M .: Education, 2011. - 95 p.: ill.
5. Kuraev, A. (Deacon). Fundamentals of Orthodox culture as a cure for extremism. Very personal reflections / A. Kuraev. - M.: Publishing Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, 2003. - 112 p. - App.: S. 91-110. - ISBN 5-94625-054-X.
6. Moral education of students. Grades 5-11: development of extracurricular activities / comp. E. V. Vasilyeva. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008. - 123 p. - (Education at school). - ISBN 978-5-7057-1305-9.
7. Lessons of morality. Full texts of conversations, general guidelines, methodological developments of each lesson: a book for the teacher / Russian Children's Fund; ed. Academician of the Russian Academy of Education A. Likhanov. - M.: Publishing, educational and Cultural Center"Childhood. Adolescence. Youth", 2004. - 256 p., 10 photographs. - ISBN 5963900107.
8. Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education / Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. - M.: Enlightenment, 2011. - 48 p. - (Standards of the second generation). - ISBN 978-5-09-023273-9.
9. Gaivoronskaya, A. A. The content of moral ideas in the role position "I am an ideal" / A. A. Gaivoronskaya // Psychology and psychotechnics. - 2009. - No. 5. - S. 24 - 29.
10. Isenko, S. P. Spiritual and moral education of students in state system Education / S. P. Isenko // Handbook of the Deputy Director of the School. - 2010. - № 8. - P. 37 - 42. The author of the article presents his point of view on the implementation of spiritual and moral education in educational institutions, pays special attention to the problem of maintaining the secular nature of education, insists on the need for a scientific, rather than religious approach to teaching a new disciplines.
11. Loginova, N. V. The role of the course "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" in the spiritual and moral development of the student's personality / N. V. Loginova // Standards and monitoring in education. - 2011. - № 5. - P. 42 - 44. The article is devoted to the specifics of teaching the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture", its role in spiritual and moral development of the child's personality.
12. Klepikova, VN Ethical situations: How to design ethical situations that affect the development of students' ability to moral self-determination? / VN Klepikova // Innovative projects and programs in education. - 2009. - No. 5. - S. 81 - 94.
13. Khodyreva A. V. Project activity- educational and technological means of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren / A. V. Khodyreva // Science and practice of education and additional education. - 2010. - No. 2. - S. 11 - 57.
14. Yakunina, I. V. Spiritual and moral education of the younger generation / I. V. Yakunina // Additional education and upbringing. - 2011. - No. 1. - S. 19 - 21.
15. S.A. Blinova .The program "Family" in the system of spiritual and moral education of an educational institution./Vladimir //-2007.-p.8-9.
16. Lesgaft P.F. Family education of the child and its importance. M., 1991.
17. Nizova A.M. Labor in the lives of children. M., 1976.
18. Nikitina L.A., Sokolova Zh.S. Parents of the 21st century. How to bring up healthy child. M., 1998.
19. Petrakova T.I. Spiritual foundations of moral education. M., 1997.
20. Nefyodov G., archpriest. Fundamentals of Christian morality - Pilgrim., 2006.
The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia in the field of general education: project / A. Ya. Danilyuk, A. M. Kondakov, V. A. Tishkov. Ros. acad. education. M.: Enlightenment, 2009 S. 4
One of the promising and, perhaps, the main direction of the transformation of modern pedagogy is the steps to resume spiritual and moral education in secular schools. This direction is connected with the work on the restoration of traditions, the study of national experience, with the spiritual enrichment of society, including through the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture".
Undoubtedly, the main task of education is the harmonious development of all aspects of a person. The existing system of education is built on the priority of natural directions, which is manifested in a certain predominance of knowledge of natural laws. However, here the development of feelings is almost completely absent, that is, education, which makes it possible to determine the basic concepts of good and evil that underlie morality. The main "educator" of feelings is most often the TV, virtual world social networks or the street. It can be definitely said that the global problems of our society - the high level of crime, drunkenness, the use of profanity by the majority of the population, including young people, in colloquial speech - are generated primarily low level education. For many centuries in Russia there was a close connection between education and upbringing with Orthodoxy. Orthodoxy was the foundation of the spiritual and moral values of the Russian state, and Orthodox culture formed the basis of the history of Russia. The years of domination of atheistic ideology are incommensurable in duration with a thousand years Russian civilization However, their devastating consequences, aggravated by the global problems of secularization, inflicted a deep wound on the spiritual life of the country. Currently in Russian society there is a change in attitude towards Orthodoxy, the Church. One of the most important state tasks is the problem of spiritual and moral education of the younger generation, the problem of familiarization with the origins and values of Orthodox culture. It is these goals that the module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" of the training course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" (ORCSE) is devoted to. In 2009, President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev supported the idea of teaching the basics of religious culture in Russian schools, including the basics of Orthodox culture (OPC), since the implementation of this idea “will help strengthen the moral, spiritual and moral foundations our society" 2 . On August 2, 2009, the President of the Russian Federation sent an instruction to the Government of the Russian Federation on the preparation of the introduction (in 2010 in 18, and since 2012 in all subjects of the Russian Federation) in general educational institutions of the subject "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics", consisting of six modules, one of which is “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture”. According to the Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS) of general education of primary and basic levels, this subject area is included in the curriculum in grades 4 and 5. The President's opinion found a response from His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus': “I think that the President's decision ... laid the foundation for the most correct principle - the principle of freedom of choice. A person who wants to study the foundations of Orthodoxy and who wants to look for the moral motivation of his actions in his own Orthodox culture should have such a right…” 3 Teaching the course “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” has two goals – educational and ideological. The educational part of this course is to acquaint the student with the monuments of Russian culture, with what lies at the basis of these monuments (thanks to what, from what motives they were created), and most importantly - with the way of world perception, those values that define the Russian culture. culture. The ideological goal of the subject is aimed at familiarizing children with Orthodoxy. When you get to know Orthodox culture, you also get to know the faith. It is impossible to understand what the culture of Russia is without knowing the basics of Orthodoxy. Major events Russian history is also inextricably linked with it. The religious essence of the course "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and the secular nature public schools are not in conflict if we consider and teach this discipline as a cultural science. The main task of this subject is to form a free, thinking, developed person who relies on his roots, and is not part of the crowd. Orthodox culture must permeate the soul young man. Imposing a culture is impossible; it should be brought up tactfully, carefully, without fuss and declaration. Only in this case, teaching the foundations of Orthodox culture will bring not only knowledge, but will enrich the soul of the student. The result of the tasks set largely depends on the sensitivity of the teacher and his ability to present the material in such a way as to achieve his goal, without imposing anything or agitating. What should be the teacher who realizes both the educational and, most importantly, the ideological goal of this subject? What knowledge, pedagogical skills, worldview, as well as personal spiritual and moral qualities should he possess? Unfortunately, it often happens that this subject, due to its implicit priority in a secular school, is given to teachers who do not have the proper knowledge, or even a personal corresponding worldview, and even more so who are not a role model in the spiritual and moral sense. To solve this problem, in recent years, educational courses have begun to appear in order to improve skills or even professional retraining teachers in the field of theological education and Orthodox culture, contributing to the formation of an appropriate worldview and the acquisition of knowledge. However, much also depends on the personality of the teacher who teaches the subject. As St. John of Kronstadt: "One can be a scientist, but, alas, a worthless person..." teachers XIX- the beginning of the twentieth century. For example, let us turn to pre-revolutionary ideas about teachers. St. Theophan the Recluse in his educational activities attached great importance to the moral impact on students, recognizing as fruitful only that education that develops more than one mind, but mainly ennobles the heart: “Love children, and they will love you ... Dissolve severity with meekness. Try to earn love with love…” 5 Considering the teaching activity of St. rights. John of Kronstadt, we can use his example to argue that any teacher, and even more so a teacher of the basics of Orthodox culture, must realize that the most important thing in his lessons is “burning”, and not retelling the textbook. Shmch. Thaddeus (Uspensky), discussing the personality of a teacher, said that before influencing the soul of students, the teacher himself should have such qualities that he wants to instill in children. Therefore, in his opinion, the personality of the teacher plays an enormous role in teaching and upbringing. Among his main qualities, he named conscientiousness, love for children, patience, justice, friendliness 6 . K.D.Ushinsky in his writings paid a lot of attention to the system of teacher training, his pedagogical, methodological and special knowledge, a well-formed worldview, and moreover, his personality, because the educational power is poured out only from a living source of human personality. No programs, no organizational forms can replace the influence of the teacher's personality. KD Ushinsky noted that the teacher should be not only a teacher, but first of all an educator, that is, he should educate students with his subject. Among the qualities necessary for the teacher, he calls education, knowledge of one's business, constant interest in improving one's knowledge and pedagogical skills, pedagogical tact, a clear idea of the goals of one's activity 7 . V.A. Sukhomlinsky made very high demands on the personality of a teacher as a leader and organizer of the educational process: “We should be an example for teenagers of the richness of spiritual life; only under this condition do we have the moral right to educate” 8 . The high personal qualities of the educator, his knowledge and life experience should become an indisputable authority for children. Similar statements can be found among teachers in exile, for example, among Fr. Vasily Zenkovsky and S.S. Kulomzina. “In the relationship between a teacher and a student ... there is ... a consciousness that the teacher is a leader who can really be relied upon” 9 . Disappointment in the teacher very often leads to a cooling in the subject. It is important to consider a personality in each student, to take on faith the existence of his inner spiritual and moral world. Every person has this world, and it develops in its own, sometimes mysterious ways. It is important to respect its manifestations. “If a teacher manages to make friends with the student as a person, this will affect the student more deeply than homework or a lecture” 10 . So, as we can see, the image of the teacher was given great attention in past centuries, regardless of what subject he taught. If such high demands were then placed on any teacher, what are the requirements now on a teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture? The personality of the teacher, his moral qualities and position will be of key importance for the successful perception of the subject by students. Any teacher who is familiar with the subject he teaches only externally, who does not love him, will not only not be able to reveal his essence, but will also cause rejection of the students. Orthodox culture, unlike many other subjects, requires from the student not only the assimilation of certain information, but also a personal effort so that this information penetrates the heart and finds its place there. Therefore, there is a danger that a teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture will distort the subject and give rise to ridicule not only at him, but also at the essence of the subject. Partly an example of this is the experience of teaching the Law of God in pre-revolutionary Russia. It happened that this subject did not raise the moral level in the gymnasiums and did not promote any kind of religiosity of the students, but on the contrary: atheists came out of the gymnasiums with the obligatory teaching of the Law of God. Not every teacher is able to teach the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture". He must have not only the amount of certain knowledge on the subject, but also a certain spiritual experience. He cannot treat the Orthodox Church with indifference, let alone hostility. Of course, the question of the churching of a teacher is a personal and voluntary matter. However, "the makings good teacher there is someone whose faith - albeit imperfect - is sincere and genuine, who grows in faith ... who is distinguished by a broad outlook, lively interest, humility, love and conscientiousness” 11 . Perhaps the main thing for a teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture should be the awareness of the need for one's own spiritual growth, when "the conscious choice of a worldview becomes decisive, which determines both a person's thoughts and his actions" 12, as well as a responsible approach to teaching this subject. Orthodox culture cannot be taught by a teacher, for whom Orthodoxy is only one of the many religions of the world, albeit traditional for Russia, but which the teacher himself is not the bearer of. “If you teach Christianity, then Christianity must penetrate the depths of your heart,” wrote S.S. Kulomzina 13 . A teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture “should have at least a minimal but genuine experience of participating in church life. In other words, his Orthodox faith may be imperfect, but must be sincere. Taking into account the specifics, vastness and, most importantly, the significance of the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture", his teacher, like no one else, must possess the qualities of Orthodox ministry. First of all, he must have a true calling to teaching. “If communication with children, participation in their growth and development spiritually enriches you, if you feel that in this communication you yourself are growing, becoming more and more yourself, then you can be sure that you have a calling as a teacher” 15. The teacher has a very great influence on the personality of the child, but “this influence is more complex and subtle than is usually imagined. Most of all, the teacher educates not by methods and techniques, but by his very personality…” 16 A teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture must be a conscientious person. Having assumed the responsibility to reveal the beauty of Orthodoxy in the child's soul, he will perceive this as his moral duty. “And this means that he will work not for appearance, not for honor, not for pleasing and not for the sake of fear, but out of love and conscience,” remarks the archimandrite. George (Shestun) 17 . Such moral traits of a teacher as patience, love for children, friendliness, justice, should be especially present in a teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture. For example, fairness is manifested, in particular, in the assessment of student performance. In addition, the teacher should have such qualities as love for the Fatherland, discipline, decency, honesty, goodwill, emotional balance, friendliness, interest in the life of pupils, humility, responsiveness, politeness, good breeding, kindness, etc., essentially characteristic of any Orthodox Christian and teacher. Speaking of moral and spiritual qualities, let us first of all emphasize their inseparability. The main thing is that love prevails over the professional knowledge of the teacher. However, it is very important that the teacher of the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" be well prepared in terms of the amount of knowledge and be able to competently present them to their students from the point of view of pedagogy. That is, for the qualified performance of his duties, he must possess a number of special properties - professional qualities. Among them are the following:
1. Academic abilities, which determine the amount of knowledge of the teacher, and the desire to constantly expand them.
2. Didactic abilities, manifested in the teacher's ability to present educational material, to interest students in its assimilation. For example, the experience of grading not for the answer, but for the student's question to the teacher, can be interesting. The student asks a question, the teacher answers. Thus, the student receives information, and the one that is most interesting to him. In addition, the student, asking a question, himself takes a more active part in the learning process. Since the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" is new in secular schools, one should be careful when choosing the method of presenting it to students. In our opinion, the most acceptable method is a conversation. It is in this form that the didactic abilities of the teacher can be most fully manifested. Conversation is a method of systematic and consistent discussion of knowledge, involving the participation of both the educator and pupils. During the conversation, information is exchanged, the opinions and points of view of both sides are taken into account - both the teacher and the student. Since Orthodox culture affects moral issues, then no other method, except for a conversation, will help form a system of moral beliefs, strengthen it;
3. Organizational skills and creative attitude to the learning process.
4. Since the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" is new and specific, the teacher's communication skills are very important, expressed in the ability to communicate not only with children, but also with parents and colleagues.
5. Prognostic abilities, expressed in anticipation of the consequences of one's actions, in the educational design of the development of certain qualities of the child's personality.
6. Perceptual abilities associated with the ability to see the inner world of the child, to understand his mental state.
All of the above requirements for a teacher of the subject “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” are defined by the concept of “professional readiness” for pedagogical activity, which is understood as “a propensity to educate children turned into a habit, combined with some innate talent, that is, the ability to be guided by common sense and truly pious Christian heart" 18 . As we can see, it depends on the teacher that the lesson on the basics of Orthodox culture becomes a favorite, and the teacher becomes the closest person; so that the student does not experience fear and timidity in front of an angry teacher, but complete confidence in him. Only in this case, the lessons of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture will receive a moral and educational direction. The main task of the teacher of the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" is not to convey information, but to arouse interest and convey love for Orthodoxy, for the Church, to lead on the road to the temple. To do this, the teacher must himself be the bearer of what is the essence of this subject.
- Based on the materials of the publication: Mumrikova L.I. The image of a teacher of Orthodox culture: professional, moral and spiritual qualities // Vestnik PSTGU IV: Pedagogy and psychology. M., 2012. No. 2 (25). pp. 17–23.
- Verbatim report on the meeting on teaching the basics of religious culture in schools. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://kremlin.ru/transcripts/4863
- Kirill, His Holiness Patriarch Moscow and all Rus'. The feat of a teacher is a special service. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://rusk.ru
- Cit. by: George (Shestun), archim. Orthodox Pedagogy. M., 1998. S. 147.
- There. pp. 130–131.
- There. pp. 167–169.
- Ushinsky K.D. On the benefits of pedagogical literature. 1857.
- Sukhomlinsky V.A. I give my heart to children. M., 1983. S. 22.
- Zenkovsky V.V. Pedagogy. M., 1996. S. 48.
- Kulomzina S.S. Our Church and our children. M., 2007. S. 23.
- There. S. 95.
- Sklyarova T.V. Personal characteristic And professional competence teacher "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" // XIV Annual Theological Conference of PSTGU: Materials. M., 2005. S. 684.
- Kulomzina S.S. Decree op. S. 103.
- There. S. 92.
- There. S. 102.
- George (Shestun), archim. Decree op. S. 549.
- There. S. 556.
- Divnogortseva S.Yu. Theoretical Pedagogy. Part 1. M., 2004. S. 22
Orthodox culture through the eyes of children
Author: Archpriest Viktor Dorofeev
A lot has already been said about the need to introduce the subject, let's look at this problem through the eyes of children - those for whom this subject is primarily intended
It is necessary to educate not only the mind, but also the heart
Author: Irina Filippova
It's no secret that even the best education does not make a person good. It cannot guarantee that a person will be merciful, compassionate, able to make friends, love the world and not yourself in it. In general, even a red diploma is not a guarantee of happiness.
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Outline of a project, the implementation of which can, in one or two generations, make the life of each person a little more meaningful and happy, society as a whole a little more reasonable, and the door to the Orthodox Church - a little wider ajar
From time to time, the media begins to vigorously discuss the "news" about plans to introduce the "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" lessons at school. This news has been around for 10 years already, in many places the OPK has already been introduced, and in many different options, as a mandatory or optional course, for one or several years of study, as one of the six modules of the ORKSE (“Fundamentals of Religious Culture and Secular Ethics) or as part of program "Origins" ... Any Orthodox person will say that this is good, and we need to expand and deepen this experience. But he will think so, only until he gets acquainted, even if very superficially, with the proposed training programs. Deep - it is not necessary that the hair does not stand on end in horror.
The fundamental idea of the axe. ( Excerpts from the programs of teaching Orthodoxy)
5th grade: Acquaintance “with the seven most striking and original monuments of domestic material and spiritual life: a plow and an ax, peasant mansions, Solovki, Intercession on the Nerl, the Life-Giving Trinity icon, the Moscow Kremlin, Chronicles. The educational goal of studying each monument is to get closer to its deep meaning, to comprehend the fundamental idea that it contains and preserves from century to century. As a result, a holistic view of the age-old ideals of our people arises: harmony and harmony, dimensionality and catholicity, transformation and sovereignty.
Specification: Plow and ax as the main tools of labor of the Russian peasant: their traditional device, design options, labor operations. Multifunctionality and versatility of plows and axes. adaptability to different natural environment and material. The simplicity of the device and the virtuosity of labor technology. Consecration of labor with a plow and an ax. In total, sohu is taught four lessons at school. The purpose of this is "the student's accession to the most important horizontal, social values of Russian civilization."
Grade 11: "Interaction of the Russian Orthodox Church with traditional religious organizations peoples of Russia in various fields public life, its importance for strengthening civil peace in Russian society, the unity of the Russian state.
Organizational structure and management in the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). Religious organizations: church communities, dioceses, monasteries and other local councils. Bishops' Councils. Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'. Moscow Patriarchy. Holy Synod. Synodal departments.
Let's do this experiment. Let's go to any church at the end of the service and ask the regular parishioners: "What synodal departments do you know?" Someone needs to explain what he will hear in response?
Are they serious? The authors and compilers of such programs really do not understand how this material will be perceived by today's computerized children, whom someone wittily dubbed the "generation thumb? Moreover, performed by school teachers of history or drawing (who doesn’t have enough “hours” there?), At best, they are indifferent to the imposed “subject”? No, there must be some serious reasons for this sabotage, and intellectual insufficiency is not the worst of them.
Of course, there will be teachers who have the knowledge and courage to take a creative approach to the programs and tell something Orthodox-meaningful and adapted to the perception of students, but they certainly won’t be enough for all of them. This means that we will get a generation of those who, at the word "Orthodoxy", will have pronounced allergic reactions. Do we want it?
What do we want
Ultimately, to revive the Russian world. For Russia to become an Orthodox country again. So that all its citizens build their lives on the gospel moral ideals(well, at least they tried to). For the nation to unite not around temporary, transitory values, but around eternal values, around the Truth. So that our 1000-year-old culture does not go into oblivion. Culture in a broad sense, not in the current simplified one, when it is perceived as a collection of various arts mixed with national costumes. Culture as a combination of all manifestations of human activity, values, skills and abilities. As something that prescribes certain ways of thinking and self-expression to a person, determines a person’s life strategy and lifestyle, forms psychology and individual person and the people in general.
We want our children to be capable of meaningfully living their own lives. So that their value system is built in accordance with the gospel moral standards. So that they learn to think and “not buy into” the temptations of the modern consumer society.
And even simpler and more down to earth. So that they don’t get drunk, don’t get hooked on drugs, don’t get involved in dangerous financial scams, so that they create normal families, love and be loved, raise loving children, not very sick ... So that their private life leaves them at least a fundamental opportunity to hear the call of the Lord sooner or later.
What is needed for this
Ideally, the entire population of Russia should become Orthodox. Moreover, the now widespread version of the ritual, when a baptized person comes to the temple twice a year: to collect baptismal water and consecrate Easter cakes - does not work. It is necessary - to be serious, so as not just to know something about your faith, but for the way of life to become Orthodox. That is, for a person to experience his personal meeting with God and come to the Church. Not the one that is a social institution, but the one that is the Body of Christ.
What will happen if every one of them willingly admits that the meaning of earthly human life lies in personal salvation, in preparation for eternal heavenly life? And, as a result, they realize that the fulfillment of God's commandments is absolutely necessary for their own salvation. “Do not kill” - and there are no wars, criminal crimes, abortions, drugs, suicides in the world ... “Do not steal” - and in addition to banal theft, corruption, financial pyramids, transcontinental corporations, stock exchanges, currency speculators, the global hegemony of the dollar, thimblers have disappeared , most banks ... "Do not commit adultery" - and the entire porn industry perished, adultery stopped, homosexuality went underground ... Utopia, of course, but what an attractive one!
We take into account the realities
The above has never happened in human history, and even more so this fantasy is not relevant now, when the end times seem to be at the door. It is impossible to convert the population of an entire country to God. Moreover, even one person cannot be brought to God by our human efforts. The Lord Himself brings to Himself whom He wants, and there are always not very many such people, in percentage terms.
And is everything hopeless? It remains for us only with tears in our eyes to record those changes both in the world as a whole and in the people around us who, in Lately become more and more noticeable? Yes, nothing like that!
Father Andrei Kuraev once told the parable of "the undeservedly forgotten theologian Winnie the Pooh." When Piglet asked him to compose a poem for Eeyore's birthday, Winnie the Pooh replied: “You see, Piglet, it's not so easy. Because poetry is not what you go and find, but what comes to you." According to Father Andrei, the only thing a person can do himself is stand in a place where he can be found.
What kind of person will God find the most? The ways of the Lord, of course, are inscrutable, but still, nevertheless ... Probably, the one who thinks about the meaning of his own life. And someone whose God is at least included in the scope of his thoughts. That is, a person who possesses at least the rudiments of an Orthodox worldview.
Here it is, the opportunity opened by the introduction of subjects related to religion in the school. It is not necessary, overcoming the hysterical resistance of the liberals, to teach the Law of God. No need to pretend and cover up Orthodox content art research. And it is necessary, if not to teach children the Orthodox worldview, then at least to acquaint them with it - on any subject material. So that when it comes time for them to define their religious identity, they can make a conscious choice.
How to teach mindset.
Discuss with children For example, such questions:
The origin of the world - the big bang theory and the biblical picture - a comparative analysis.
The theory of evolution and Creation - what are the consequences for our life of accepting one and accepting the other.
How the world works - material, which is studied by science, and spiritual. Nowadays, everyone believes in its existence, with the "light hand" of the occultists, only the lazy does not go to the astral - so this interest should be used for your own purposes.
What is death, how does medicine relate to it, and how does Orthodoxy, and who finds it easier to live - an atheist who prefers not to think about death, or a believer who returns home after death.
Scientific and religious methods of knowledge.
How did the Baptism of Rus' take place - from the standpoint of science, Orthodoxy and Rodnovery.
Life strategies of a believer and an atheist.
What prevents a person from enjoying life - with a competent discussion, it turns out that sins interfere.
As a result, children, at least, will learn to think.
AND, For example, will be more conscious of the question of whether to have an abortion - even if they do not come to the Church.
Of course, far from everyone will come to the Church, but those who come will come to the meaning, and not to the external form.
Practical implementation
I will not explain why to give such topics at the mercy school teachers It is impossible in principle, it is clear to everyone. What is allowed?
For each such topic, find priests with an appropriate secular education, preferably with a pedagogical one, or at least with experience working with children. In all of Russia, there will definitely be one such for each topic.
Choose good schools, and in them - classes in which children are in principle capable of discussion. There are many of them, yet talented teachers who, despite the current USE level of education, teach children to think, have not completely died out.
The lecturer-priest conducts the lesson, involving students in the discussion of the topic. And this lesson is filmed in all details by an experienced cameraman. At the end of the lesson there is a question on the topic.
In all schools in Russia, 1-2 times a month, double lessons are held on the subject (how to call it is the tenth thing). At the first lesson, a film is shown, at the second - the children, under the guidance of their teacher, discuss the question asked and formulate an answer to it. What answer at the end of the lesson is transferred to a certain center that organizes all this.
For example, at the end of the lesson on the topic: “Christian motifs in painting - an icon and a picture and their difference”, the following question is asked: “What thoughts and feelings do you have when you look at the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God and at the painting by Carlo Crivelli “Madonna and Child ".
In this kind of center, all answers are studied and the most interesting / correct one is selected. The class that gave this answer participates in the filming of the next lesson, and the teacher is paid an impressive bonus. For actively working classes, some incentives are provided - such as pilgrimage trips. For the winners in each parallel - a trip to the Holy Land.
Such lessons are held simultaneously in all classes. For example, today all 10-graders in Russia are discussing the issue of attitudes towards death. A luxurious media occasion arises for a meaningful discussion of the issue - and here Orthodox journalists are already ready.
No homework. “If someone is interested in the topic, you can get to know it in more detail on such and such resources, however, it may be difficult for you there ..” - and a list of sites for those who wish. As a result, some children do not play shooters, but educate themselves.
The new form of education will certainly be attractive to schoolchildren - I do not list the reasons, everyone understands. And they will certainly tell something to their parents - and this will also be a plus for us.
It is not necessary to specially prepare teachers, any subject can lead the discussion of a given and well-expressed topic. And there is less chance that teachers infected with occult ideas (and there are many of them) will be able to “smuggle” them.
No need to torture textbooks for no reason. In the modern world, the idea that the school should put concrete knowledge into the heads of children has exhausted itself. Any information is much easier to get on the Internet. The school's business is to instill in children the ability to analyze this information, evaluate its reliability and choose really high-quality information. And most importantly - the ability to be interested not in glamorous gossip, but in what is related to their own lives.
In general, in total, there is a huge savings in funds, and they will be enough to shoot lessons, and to create regional centers for the implementation of the program with the conditional name "Orthodox Worldview."
The foregoing is an outline of a project, the implementation of which, in one or two generations, can make the life of each person a little more meaningful and happy, society as a whole a little more reasonable, and the door to the Orthodox Church - a little wider ajar.
If only there are people willing and able to do something like that. If only there are... Help us, Lord!
The proposed project makes sense to implement only for Russia as a whole. The author has no opportunity to bring this idea to the attention of those who make decisions at the level of the Ministry of Education and the Patriarchate. Therefore, I appeal to readers: if you see the point here and if you have such opportunities, please use them.
Galina Russo, cand. geol.-min. Sciences, catechist of the temple
Job title: Methodological aspects of teaching the lesson of the ORSE (module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture")
Material Description: I offer material in which I share my experience. This article will be useful for teachers of the ORCSE (module Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture), teaching in the 4th grade.
Not beyond the seas, not beyond the forests, but next to us lives a whole world - the world of Orthodoxy. But not everyone knows about it. Adults, busy with worries, often do not notice it. But for children to see this world is not so difficult. Fortunately, the subject “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” has now been introduced. Anyone can study this subject. This is the entrance to the world of Orthodoxy. Speaking figuratively, my experience that I present today is az, beeches, lead, verb, good. I study myself - I give knowledge - I act - I get results.
I, Khoreva Elena Alekseevna, a teacher of Russian language and literature, the basics of Orthodox culture, have been teaching this course for the fourth year. And what was at the beginning of my way to teaching the OPK? Don't even know...
Maybe the path began with a very small girl, holding her breath, looking late at night from under the covers at her grandmother kneeling before the images? ..
From the delicious smell of Easter cakes, which could not be eaten right away, but only after waiting for the joyful day of the incomprehensible Easter holiday?
Further more. A heartfelt favorite song "Where does the motherland begin? ..", and some feeling of understatement. I would like to add something more important ... I am looking, but in vain, although I feel that there is something, but it is hidden from me. "Where does it begin?"
These are the questions. And when answers began to come to them, it turned out that all the answers were in the area of the foundations of Orthodox culture that had not yet been designated. And the ancestors became closer and clearer, and understood them moral guidelines. And in front of grandmothers it’s not so embarrassing, because. the women's holiday was, was for hundreds of years, only had slightly different meanings, other dates, and the wonderful name "Week of the myrrh-bearing women." I understood what name days are, and rejoiced that everyone has them.
And that not only Lomonosov, but also modern scientists, classical musicians, artists, writers were the thinkers of the Biblical principles. And I found out: “What else does the Motherland begin with before the alphabet?”
Along with the answers to the questions came new meanings.
I am working on the problem of nurturing spirituality through revival Orthodox traditions.
The purpose of my work is to form a system of spiritual and moral values in children based on the study of the Fundamentals of Orthodox culture.
Tasks: to create such conditions for the development of an independent and creatively thinking personality, so that the observance of moral forms becomes an internal need of students, helps in socialization and self-determination in the future.
"The road will be mastered by the one who walks" - this is our motto, which aims at constant movement forward and upward. My task, as a teacher, is to lead the children along this path, not to let the spark of interest and curiosity die out, to contribute in every possible way to the awakening in the child of the feeling of being a citizen of the Fatherland. A student-centered approach to learning helps me with this. There is no other approach to this subject.
Love, understand, accept, sympathize, help. These are the core values in my approach to learning.
Considering that the OPK course is new for all of us, I took the path of creating my own methodological bank, which included: lesson development, presentations of topics studied, the Orthodox Rainbow children's library, the experience of OPK teachers in the Rtishchevo region and Russia, a set for making handicrafts for Orthodox holidays.
I try to make every lesson unconventional, every lesson is a discovery. There is a parable about the roads, in which they argued about their importance. But the most important was the path that leads to the Temple. “Today God's path has led us…”, with these words I begin each lesson. This is a very successful technique, I was convinced of this by the constant questions of the children: “Where will God's path lead us today?
I want to dwell on some methods.
The most successful method of influencing a child is moralizing reading, evangelism. The method of evangelism was shown to us by the Lord Himself. One of the key methods of preaching the Lord Jesus Christ was a parable. The parable is well remembered by both children and adults.
The Monk Seraphim of Sarov said: “Mother, mother! Do not hurry to teach the children something in French and German, but prepare their souls first, and the rest will follow later. Therefore, I place the greatest emphasis, especially in the fourth grade, on the formation of the moral and spiritual qualities of the individual. At the lessons we talk a lot about friendship, kindness, relationships between people. A great help in the work is the card index of my methodical bank, created according to the collections of Boris Ganago and good stories for little children "Grains", according to Orthodox children's magazines, and other sources.
The project method is the most demanded. It is no coincidence that it is often the result of a lesson. Which is natural, since this type of activity meets the age characteristics of children, the desire to participate in collective creative affairs. We have created the projects "Saint patrons", "Christmas in my family", "Named in the name of Catherine", "Water is a gift of God", "Easter egg".
I use two types of project work: individual and collective. An example is the long-term research work Our Temple. Past. The present. Future". During the collection of material, we met with parishioners of the church, museum staff, and turned to the archive.
So, while studying the Commandments, I came up with the idea of creating a long-term project “My family is my beginning”. I predict the growth of spiritual and moral foundations in the families of my pupils, as I found a response from my parents, a desire to engage in this project.
I constantly ask myself the question of how effective my classes are. I carry out constant diagnostics, what is good, what is bad, how to do better.
As a test of knowledge, I use tests, crossword puzzles.
The most touching moment in the lesson is the dialogue with oneself: “Have I become better? How can I apply the acquired knowledge in life?”, “What does my heart say?”. There is a reflection on one’s internal state, introspection, that is, reflection
A bright continuation of the classes are creative homework. I use different types of homework:
Write a mini essay
Make questions about the topic being studied
Compose a crossword
Write the end of the story
Prepare a message
In order to increase interest in the study of the defense industry, to make the lesson capacious, colorful, deep, I use modern pedagogical technologies and teaching aids: working with an interactive whiteboard, with electronic aids, the electronic game "Orthodoxy". My well-equipped modern office helps to realize my plans. The possibilities of the classroom allow me to use ready-made materials, educational films and didactic games.
I tell my students about Orthodox holidays, about the fact that you can’t do bad things to people, not only or not so much because of the fear that they will answer you the same, I’m talking about name days that are now understandable to me. Moreover, we congratulate classmates not only on their birthdays, but also on their name days. We read the lives of the saints, our heavenly patrons, prepare birthday gifts: personalized icons, books about saints, personalized cards. The guys are waiting for this day with keen interest, asking for help in determining the days of the name day of their relatives and, most importantly, to find information about the life of their heavenly patrons.
EPC at school is not only a lesson. This life is interesting, rich, creative. Since I am a teacher of literature, I have a unique opportunity to integrate Orthodoxy with literature.
The upbringing of the soul, compassion, respect for the elders is facilitated by the patronage of war veterans, to whom the children provide assistance and participation in the school actions "Stream of Mercy".
Having learned about a family that really needs help, the guys immediately responded to this call. Children and parents collected things, food, toys and took them to school. Many of them asked: "Why are you doing this?" The guys answered: "Jesus Christ said that by dressing the poor, you dress me."
A lot of help in my work is provided by the parents of my class. Not a single lesson, event is complete without their participation. In some matters they are initiators and movers. I am convinced that such participation of parents in the school life of their children, the upbringing of spirituality and morality is already giving a positive result.
I am convinced that the parent lecture hall played a positive role by uniting parents and children in our affairs
A new subject in the Russian school - the defense industry, is treated ambiguously. Lots of controversy. What? How? Why? You can argue a lot, but the result is obvious. Interest in the subject is growing, it contributes to an increase in spiritual and moral culture, conscious participation in the multiplication of beauty in the world around us, the formation of value systems - goodness, love, justice, mercy.
It must be admitted that the study of the course of the defense industry is impossible without deep self-education. I do not miss the opportunity to contact the priests. I acknowledge with gratitude the great help from Fr. Victor and Father Pavel.
So, there are still so many initial letters ahead, which means many good deeds. In the future I see:
1) Creation of the parent club "Kindness of Hearts"
2) Family projects (books - babies, our workshop)
3) Project "Subscription": a children's magazine for family reading "Orthodox Rainbow" or "Candle" in every family.
Leading this course has a huge impact on both the children and me as a person. After all, not a single subject in school teaches you to take care of your soul, think about your actions, work on yourself. Opening the world of Orthodox culture for children, I first of all discover it for myself.
In conclusion, I would like to quote the words of Jerome D. Salinger from famous novel"Catcher in the rye". These words contain my whole pedagogical philosophy: “And my business is to catch the children so that they do not fall into the abyss. You see, they are playing and do not see where they are running, and then I run up and catch them so that they do not break. That's all my work ... "
