The role of Russian literature in my life. Lesson "Literature and its role in the spiritual life of man"

• In addition to literature than to breathe,
• Down to the bottom of the sea...
• M. Shcherbakov. Whole summer

• “As a person, as a person, a Russian writer ... stood illuminated bright light selfless and passionate love for the great cause of life - literature, for the people tired in work, for their sad land. He was an honest fighter, a great martyr for the sake of truth, a hero in labor and a child in relation to people, with a soul as transparent as a tear and bright as the star of the pale skies of Russia. M. Gorky.

• “The whole of Greece and Rome ate only literature: there were no schools, in our sense, at all! And how they have grown. Literature is actually the only school people, and she may be the only and sufficient school… » V. Rozanov.

• “Russian literature ... has always been the conscience of the people. Her place in public life country has always been honorable and influential. She educated people and strove for a fair reorganization of life. D. Likhachev.

• D.S. Likhachev

• Poems by Russian poets about writer's work, about the role of writers in society

• Ivan Bunin
• Word The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, - Life is given only to the word: From the ancient darkness, on the world graveyard, Only the Letters sound. And we have no other property! Know how to take care of it Even to the best of your ability, in the days of malice and suffering, Our immortal gift is speech.

• A.Akhmatova
• Creation It happens like this: some kind of languor; In the ears the clock does not stop; In the distance, a rumble of fading thunder. Unrecognized and captive voices I see both complaints and groans, Some kind of secret circle narrows, But in this abyss of whispers and bells There rises one, all victorious sound. So irremediably quiet around him, That you can hear the grass growing in the forest, How dashingly it walks on the ground with a knapsack... But now words have been heard And signal bells of light rhymes, - Then I begin to understand, And just dictated lines Lie down in a snow-white notebook .

• B.Passtrnak
• In everything I want to get to the very essence. In work, in search of a way, In heart trouble.
• To the essence of the past days, To their cause, To the foundations, to the roots, To the core. All the time grasping the thread of Fates, events, Live, think, feel, love, Make discoveries. Oh, if only I could, Although in part, I would write eight lines About the properties of passion. About lawlessness, about sins, Runs, chases, Accidents in a hurry, Elbows, palms.

• I would deduce her law, Her beginning, And repeat her names Initials. I would break poetry like a garden. With all the trembling of the veins, the lindens would bloom in them in a row, in single file, in the back of the head. In verses I would add the breath of roses, The breath of mint, Meadows, sedge, haymaking, Thunderstorms. So once upon a time Chopin put the living miracle of farmsteads, parks, groves, graves into his sketches. Achieved triumph Game and torment - A stretched string of a tight bow.

• Questions

• Why is literature called word art ? Show with examples what is word art ?
• Remember the works whose heroes read books and give them their assessments. Why is literature important to them?
• What did you learn from literature about love and betrayal, about death and immortality, about nobility and meanness? Is such knowledge important for a person?
• How has literature helped your own spiritual development?
• - What can be useful modern man reading the literature of the past?

• Through the thin, tall stalks of grass, blue, blue and purple hairs showed through; yellow gorse jumped up with its pyramidal top; white porridge was full of umbrella-shaped caps on the surface; brought in, God knows where, an ear of wheat poured into the thick. Partridges darted under their thin roots, stretching out their necks. The air was filled with a thousand different bird whistles. The hawks stood motionless in the sky, spreading their wings and motionlessly fixing their eyes on the grass. The cry of a cloud moving towards wild geese was given to God knows in what distant lake. A gull rose from the grass with measured strokes and luxuriously bathed in blue waves air. There she disappeared in the sky and only flickers like one black dot. There she turned her wings and flashed before the sun. Damn you, steppes, how good you are!

• N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

• "Do you want to know what I saw
• At will? - lush fields,
• Crowned hills
• Trees growing all around
• Noisy fresh crowd,
• Like brothers in a circular dance.
• I saw heaps of dark rocks
• When the stream separated them,
• And I guessed their thoughts:
• It was given to me from above!
• Stretched out in the air for a long time
• Their stone hugs
• And they long for a meeting every moment;
• But the days are running, the years are running -
• They will never get along!

• M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

• Answer in writing one of the following questions:
• How are people and history connected in " Captain's daughter» A.S. Pushkin?
• Which moral values affirms the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"
• What is “bad in Russia” is ridiculed by N.V. Gogol in the play “Inspector General” and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in fairy tales?
• Bring to the lesson the text "Words about Igor's Campaign" - an Old Russian text and its translation into modern Russian.

• Homework

• Thank you for the lesson!!!

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The socio-political views of Russian thinkers were closely connected with the development of Russian literature. The words of Herzen are widely known: “Among a people deprived of public freedom, literature is the only tribune, from the height of which it makes the cry of its indignation and its conscience heard. The influence of literature in such a society takes on proportions long lost in other European countries. Analyzing the role of literature and literary criticism in Russian culture XIX century, the modern researcher I. Kondakov wrote: “... literature - due to the specifically constrained socio-political conditions of the country's development - performs the mission of several components of culture at the same time: philosophy, social sciences, journalism, socio-political activity (non-governmental oppositional nature), then directly serves publicity (due to the ability to metaphorically, allegorically speak about what cannot be said directly literally) in relation to a society that is basically silent. At the same time, this also meant that literature in Russia (beginning with the Nikolaev era, that is, even during the life of Pushkin) ceased to be only an art among other arts and became a special, universal, synthetic phenomenon of culture, necessarily replacing its other , forcedly defective branches responsible for cognitive, ideological, socio-regulatory and other functions. The burden of literature's responsibility to society becomes fundamentally different - responsibility not only and not so much artistic and aesthetic, but moral and ethical, political, socio-philosophical, cognitive and ideological.

Thus, in the spiritual culture new era there was a complex process of differentiation, such spheres as science, fiction and the arts, education, numerous socio-cultural institutions. Secular character, openness, the ability to absorb the best of the cultures of other peoples, while maintaining national identity and integrity, characterized the Russian culture XVIII V. The gap between the achieved level of spiritual culture and the ability of the broad masses of the people to master cultural property began to be overcome in the second half of the 19th century. thanks to the spread of the printed word and literacy, the replenishment of the intelligentsia and the middle class with raznochintsy. Capitalism and the relative decentralization of government marked the beginning of the unification of the noble Europeanized and popular traditional cultures into a single national culture. These same reasons contributed to the emergence of large provincial cultural centers in industrial and commercial areas of the country. Dominant position in early XIX V. "enlightened nobility" was shaken by the middle of the century, when social, scientific, artistic life included members of the lower classes.

Social thought had a great influence on the spiritual culture of the era. Starting from the XVIII century. one of the most important cultural ideas was the idea put forward by the enlighteners of the natural right of the individual, given to her by birth. A feature of the development of social thought in Russia was its political sharpness, the search for Russia's place in the world community.

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE CENTER"

Tiraspol

THE ROLE OF THE BOOK

IN SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION

teacher of special disciplines

higher qualification category

Khilchuk O.A.

Tiraspol, 2014

THE ROLE OF THE BOOK IN SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION

The book is a great gift to man from God. It serves not only to convey historical information, but also serves as a door to the future: what the books will be like will also determine what the ideals of the youth will be, which means our future depends.”

Metropolitan of Kaluga and Borovsk Kliment, Chairman of the Publishing Council of the Russian Orthodox Church

Value - characteristic human life. For many centuries, people have developed the ability to identify objects and phenomena in the world around them that meet their needs and to which they treat in a special way: they value and protect them, focus on them in their life .

Today it is relevant to talk about the value and role of books in society. .

Since the birth of printing, books have become an integral part of the life of the intelligentsia. It has always been customary to judge the education and erudition of a person by the number of works read by him, but here it is important not only the quantity, but also the quality. Anyone can order the printing of works, at least today, but this does not mean that after reading his creation, you will gain something useful for yourself or learn something informative. Book production is a healthy part of modern society. It is known that all artistic and journalistic works on earth amount to 129864880, total publications.

The value of a book in the life of every person and society as a whole cannot be overestimated. It is known that a book as a source and storehouse of knowledge and experience can seriously influence the worldview, enrich a person, and also cause powerful emotions and generate deep feelings and serious reflections.

In the book - all immense spiritual world humanity. The book condenses and disseminates all experience, all knowledge, all the mind of mankind. This is the most powerful and universal remedy communication between people, nations, generations. The book develops the dream creative fantasy, emotional and cognitive activity, an active attitude to life, love for art, introduces into the world of images that reflect life, enriches with knowledge, expands the life experience of children, taking it beyond the boundaries of personal observations, ideas about the world, about the native national language, its beauty, expressiveness, diversity.

Very related to books. most of of our life, when there was no television, people drew their knowledge precisely from the works, instead of television series they enthusiastically read F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy or

A.S. Pushkin. It was the works of great authors that formed public opinion and could influence the fate of a particular person or even an entire nation.

good literature, communication with the book can be called a modern "spiritual medicine" for everyone who cares about the spiritual health of future generations.

It is well known that the attitudes and interests of people different generations are quite different. A significant part of it - young people - was brought up outside religious traditions, however, it is she who today turns her attention to faith, love, justice. In these conditions christian religion can help young people to develop moral and moral standards. This also contributes to the work of the library. Focused on modern library the wealth of world fiction is an inexhaustible potential for the formation of spiritual and moral culture youth.

First of all, it should be noted what is Orthodox literature? In a literal translation from Greek, Orthodoxy means " right teaching". This is the direction of Christianity, professing the foundations of goodness and peacemaking.

Orthodox literature is those books that set a person on the spiritual salvation of the soul and show the ways of spiritual perfection.

What is the point of starting Orthodox reading for a person who has never held anything in his hands before? It is necessary to read the Gospel, we can advise you to read the books of modern Orthodox missionaries, about how they discovered God for people. These include Metropolitan Anthony of Surozh, Deacon Andrei Kuraev. But first of all, you need to pay attention to the Holy Scriptures, many people know about it, but few people read it, and this is the basis of Christianity.

A book can have a profound effect on a person. Why? The book is the most optimal educational tool developed by human culture. Thanks to good books a person can learn a lot. First of all, he receives the necessary education of feelings - that people who do not read have absolutely nowhere else to get it. Not on the Internet, with its constant swearing, meager and often literally fence vocabulary to learn this?

The power and influence of the book is much stronger than it might seem at first glance. Because any book is not only a passive set of information, but it is a certain view of reality. The look is either bright and cheerful, or the look is dark, darkened by sin and human vice.

And if we take into account that the content of the book, entering into resonance with the thought of the reader, affects not only his mind, but also the soul, then the significance of the Orthodox book as spiritual and enlightened literature in modern world plays a special role in the cultural and spiritual moral life society.

A book for PMR, as well as for everything Christendom means a lot. Suffice it to recall the words of the Lord Jesus Christ, who said that "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God" (Matthew 4:4). For centuries, it was the Word of God, as the most important Orthodox book, that was the source from which many generations of Christian peoples drew wisdom. In this respect, the Orthodox book is a powerful tool for spiritual and moral influence on the human soul.

Books in Orthodoxy differ in the level of spiritual authority. The Books Have Unconditional Authority in the Word of God Holy Scripture Old and New Testaments. The books of the patristic heritage, theological literature and other church publications are useful for edification.

However, not all literature using Orthodox paraphernalia can be called Orthodox and soulful. On the contrary, in Lately a mass of pseudo-Orthodox books appeared containing sectarian, schismatic and marginal views. Therefore, for a reader who is at the beginning of the path of acquaintance with Orthodoxy, it is advisable to determine his circle of reading together with the priest who exercises his spiritual guidance or read the literature recommended Publishing Council Russian Orthodox Church or blessed by its hierarchy.

A special and important theme is the need to instill in children a love of books and a taste for literature. It is important to inculcate the fundamentals of culture Orthodox Christianity since childhood. The soul of a child is pure, there is no place for filth, lies and envy in it. Orthodox literature for children helps parents in raising children in Christ in the spirit Orthodox faith and Christian morality.

On the day of the Orthodox book - March 14, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill noted the enduring importance of the book in the modern world: “Today, in addition to the book, there are many other types of information carriers - television, the Internet and video. People receive information not so much through a word as through an image, and this method is very attractive, because here everything is shown on the screen. But reading piece of art, a person must independently create an image in his mind: starting from the description in the text, imagine the characters, imagine how they look, how they are dressed, how they behave, and so on. There is no screen, there is no video - all this must arise in the mind of the reader.

“God forbid that good people reach your attention, good books which would help you understand the meaning of what is happening in the world, help you understand what genuine, enduring values ​​mean for a person, based on which he is able to grow as a person, able to participate in public life, able to benefit his Fatherland," the Patriarch wished. . He also wished from the bottom of his heart "to use the book with unchanging joy, with pleasure, for the good of your soul and for the benefit of your neighbors."

Orthodox literature is called upon not only to influence the mind and expand the horizons of the reader, not only to draw his attention to the range of certain issues abstracted from life, but above all, to introduce the reader into the spiritual world of eternal truth and beauty. Such a book puts in the foreground in the modern confused axiology the enduring values ​​of the Divine character and calls to correlate one's life with these values.

To make our world brighter, kinder and fairer - this is the main goal set by the Orthodox book. The world of the Orthodox book is a place where everyone who aspires to true faith can get answers to the most important questions.

For several years in a row, days, weeks and decades of Orthodox books have been held in Pridnestrovie. As part of these events, all dioceses are round tables and conferences dedicated to the history of book printing in Rus', issues of reading and dissemination Orthodox literature V modern society. Organized creative evenings and meetings with writers and poets, sacred music concerts, as well as exhibitions of rare handwritten and printed books from the funds of regional, regional and republican museums.

open book fairs, which presents rare editions of Orthodox books, is on sale church literature, charity events for the collection and transfer of Orthodox literature to city and regional libraries. They spend their evenings dedicated to creativity Orthodox writers and poets S.A. Bagnyuk, A.A. Melnichuk, O.N. Molchanova.

The head of the Tiraspol-Dubossary diocese, Bishop Savva, during such events noted that “in fact, not only spiritual, but any book, both artistic and historical, can be Orthodox if the spirit of Orthodoxy is preserved in it.”

God bless everyone in learning!

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Airapetova V.V. BUT. Lossky about morality and spiritual and moral development of the individual. - Pyatigorsk: PGLU, 2001.

Barenbaum I.E. History of the book: Textbook. 2nd ed., revised. - M.: Book, 1984. - S. 138

Vinogradova L.A. History of book business in Russia (988-1917): Tutorial/ Ed. A.A. Govorova. M.: MPI Publishing House, 1991. - S. 59.

Vladimirov L.I. General history books. - M .: Book, 1988. - S. 1

Katsprzhak E.I. History of writing and books. - M .: Art, 1955. - S. 285

Gurin V.E. Formation moral consciousness and behavior of high school students. - M.: Pedagogy, 1988.

Men A. History of religion. In search of the way, truth and life. - M., 1994

Nimerovsky E.L. Journey to the origins of Russian book printing. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991. - S. 187.

Internet resources.

The term "spiritual literature" has several interpretations. Firstly, it can be a whole series of books designed to encourage a person to think about the meaning of life. And in a narrower sense, these are the works of holy ascetics, in which they describe their life path. Let's see what books can be considered spiritual.

Spiritual and moral literature: definition and its tasks

The main criterion of spiritual literature can be considered its compliance with the gospel spirit. This means that all books on this subject must first of all reflect the essence of biblical principles. Spiritual literature raises the eternal problem of being, gives answers to many philosophical and religious questions, and also develops moral qualities in the character of the reader. Among other things, such reading very often describes the life of saints, prophets, and always preaches the foundations of a particular religion. If to speak plain language spiritual books are food for our souls.

The main task of spiritual books is to awaken everything in a person. spiritual qualities, develop and, finally, encourage a person to fulfill religious laws. Indeed, in almost every religion there is a set of covenants that a believer must follow.

Features of moral literature

Perhaps, distinctive feature spiritual literature can be called the religious inclination of her books, which raise philosophical questions. Spiritual literature, as a rule, appears more in that is, the lyrics are practically absent. This genre includes parables, various historical chronicles, descriptions of the life of the holy prophets, sermons and works devoted to the device afterlife and about what fate awaits each person after death.

Books of spiritual literature can be divided into several groups:

• canonical literature (holy books, Bible, Koran, etc.);
• liturgical (Psalter, Word, etc.);
• theological literature (theological treatises);
• educational religious (Orthodox explanatory prayer book);
• religious and journalistic (sermons of the holy fathers, teachings of the elders, etc.);
• religious-popular (stories, novels and even fairy tales with instructive meaning).

Recently, more and more books have appeared dedicated to raising children. Such literature gives advice and guidance to parents on how to properly raise children, in what environment to raise them, so that they grow up to be good people.

Most Popular Spiritual Books

In addition to religious spiritual books, spiritual literature is presented in other genre compositions. These books not only change the outlook on many things, but also introduce the reader to such virtues as love, kindness,

Spiritual and artistic literature - this is how one can define those works of great Russian writers in which, through the main characters and their author, they convey unshakable Christian values. There are a number of works of Russian classics that every person should read, regardless of their religious beliefs. Here are the most famous: "War and Peace" by L.N. Tolstoy, many stories by A.P. Chekhov, "The Master and Margarita" by M.A. Bulgakov, from foreign literature- novels by Ernest Hemingway ("For Whom the Bell Tolls", "The Old Man and the Sea"), as well as Dante (" The Divine Comedy"), Erich Maria Remarque and others.

Despite the fact that these works do not have a religious context, they still affect critical issues being: what is the meaning of life and what happens to the human soul after death?

The role of spiritual literature in the life of modern man

It is no secret that in our time it is more difficult for people than ever before to find free time for anything, and especially for reading books. Perhaps it is precisely because of the fact that he reads little or does not open books of spiritual literature at all, people in the world become more selfish - everyone tries to get his own benefit, while forgetting about others.

However, we can safely say that spiritual literature plays a huge role in the life of any person. Thanks to the reading of spiritual books, inner spiritual qualities develop, awaken best features human, such as, for example, kindness, mercy and love. After all, spiritual books preach the gospel covenants, and the covenant of love for one's neighbor is considered the basic law of the Bible. "Love your neighbor as yourself" - this is the main commandment on which all the law and the prophets are affirmed.

So, it turns out that it is precisely such literature that is capable of inducing reflection on the meaning of life. as well as in the education of moral values ​​and the formation of the correct worldview, spiritual books perform the most important functions.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

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Doing. Literature and its role in the spiritual life of a person Lesson 1 Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

2 slide

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Homework. Prepare a plan and retell the article of the textbook "On Old Russian Literature". Read "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (translated by N. A. Zabolotsky). Individual tasks. Prepare reports about A. I. Musin-Pushkin and the problem of the authorship of "Words ..." using a textbook article, reference literature and Internet resources (4 people). Compile lexical and historical and cultural comments on the words and expressions of the "Words ...": difficult stories, Boyan, spread his thoughts along the tree, laid prophetic fingers on living strings, strengthened his mind with strength, sharpened his heart with courage, filled with a military spirit; drink from the Don with a helmet, weaving the glory of both halves of this time, roaming along the path of Troyan, the grandson of Veles. Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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The main content of the lesson Masterpieces native literature. Formation of the need to communicate with art, the emergence and development of creative reader independence. Deepening ideas about literature as the art of the word. Level detection literary development students. Main activities. Reading and discussion of the article of the textbook "Word to the ninth-graders", emotional response and expression of the reader's personal attitude to what was read. Oral or written response to a question. Participation in a collective dialogue. Execution of tests. Planned results: Personal: fostering love for the Fatherland, its history, literature and culture; formation of a responsible attitude to learning, interest in reading, respect for work, including the work of a writer and reader. Meta-subject: development of the ability to determine the goals of one's learning, set new tasks for oneself in study and cognitive activity, work in a group; improving skills semantic reading. Subject: awareness of the role of reading and studying literature for personal development; understanding of literature as one of the national and cultural values ​​of the people, as special way knowledge of life Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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Masterpieces of native literature. Deepening ideas about literature as the art of the word opening talk: - Why is literature called the art of the word? Show with examples what the art of the word is. - Explain the meaning of the word masterpiece. Masterpiece (fr. chef-d "œuvre -" higher work”,“ the crown of labor”) - a unique, unsurpassed creation, the highest achievement of art, craftsmanship or anything else - What are masterpieces of literature? - What masterpieces of Russian writers and poets would you put on " golden shelf» world literature? Why? - Remember the literary works, the characters of which read books and give them their assessments. Why is literature important to them? - What did you learn from books about love and betrayal, about death and immortality, about nobility and meanness? Why is this knowledge important for a person? - What useful does the literature of the past give to the modern reader? - What dangers in life await a person who read little and did not think about books? Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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Formation of the need to communicate with art, the emergence and development of creative reader independence Group work. Discussion of the statements of Russian writers and poets about literary work and the role of books in the spiritual life of a person: Group 1. Confirm or refute the words of V. V. Rozanov (pay attention to the “Dictionary of names of famous literary critics, writers, artists, composers, actors whose names appear on the pages of the textbook” placed in the textbook): “The whole of Greece and Rome ate only literature: there were no schools, in our sense, at all! And how they have grown. Literature is actually the only school of the people, and it can be the only and sufficient school ... "Listen to O. Efremov's poem by A. S. Pushkin" The Poet ". Find common ground in the statement of V. V. Rozanov and the poem by A. S. Pushkin. How should a modern writer create in order for literature to become the "only and sufficient school" of the people? Group 2. Confirm or refute the words of M. Gorky (pay attention to the “Dictionary of names of famous literary critics, writers, artists, composers, actors whose names are found on the pages of the textbook” placed in the textbook): “As a person, as a person, the Russian writer ... stood illuminated by the bright light of selfless and passionate love for the great cause of life - literature, for the people tired in work, for their sad land. He was an honest fighter, a great martyr for the sake of truth, a hero in labor and a child in relation to people, with a soul as transparent as a tear and bright as the star of the pale skies of Russia. Listen to the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "To the Russian Writer" performed by O. Anofriev. What is common in the statement of M. Gorky and the poem by N. A. Nekrasov? On what public role does Nekrasov indicate the writer? Do they have contemporary writers such an influence on readers, as in the time of Nekrasov? Justify your answer. Group 3. Confirm or refute the words of D. S. Likhachev (pay attention to the Dictionary of names of famous literary critics, writers, artists, composers, actors, whose names are found on the pages of the textbook) placed in the textbook): “Russian literature ... has always been the conscience of the people . Her place in the public life of the country has always been honorable and influential. She educated people and strove for a fair reorganization of life. Listen to A. Proshkin's poem by B. L. Pasternak "In everything I want to get to the very essence ...". Prove that the role of literature is important both in the public life of the country and in the personal life of a person. Group 4. Confirm or refute the words from the song “The Whole Summer” by the contemporary poet-bard M. Shcherbakov: “Besides literature, how to breathe, sinking to the bottom of the sea ...” What is the metaphorical meaning of these words? Read expressively or listen to A. A. Akhmatova perform her poem “I don’t need odic rati ...”. What secrets of the poet's craft does she reveal? How does her poem resonate with a quote from Shcherbakov's song? How can literature help a person in spiritual and moral life? How can one distinguish real literature, accessible only to spiritually rich people, from low-grade poetry? Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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Reading and discussion of the article of the textbook "Word to ninth-graders". Comment on the words of V. G. Belinsky in the article. Name the work that you read, "being for some time under its exclusive influence", and justify your choice. Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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Identification of the level of literary development of students I method. Oral conversation, revealing the level of knowledge and skills: 1. What is the optimism of Russian folklore and ancient Russian literature and their significance for modern reader? 2. What eternal questions raised by Russian writers? 3. What works reflected the humanistic thoughts of the authors? Name the books where the problem of protection is posed human personality. 4. What is the generalized image of Russia in the works of Russian writers? How did they prove that sympathy and compassion are needed in life? 5. How did the heroes of literature see happiness? Do you agree with them? 6. How literary landscapes help to understand human characters? 7. In what ways do writers evoke laughter, sadness, indignation and other emotions in the reader? Give examples. 8. What is the role of antithesis in literature? Give examples. 9. What role does it play in literary work hero storyteller? Give examples from the studied works. 10. Prove that the conflict is the basis of the plot of the drama Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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Identification of the level of literary development of students I I method. Diagnostic work: 1. “The rooster on the high Gothic bell tower shone with pale gold; streams shimmered with the same gold over the black gloss of the river; thin candles (a German is thrifty!) flickered modestly in the narrow windows under the slate roofs; vines mysteriously stuck out their curly tendrils from behind stone fences; something ran in the shadows near the old well on the triangular square, the sleepy whistle of the night watchman was suddenly heard, the good-natured dog grumbled in an undertone, and the air was caressing the face, and the lindens smelled so sweet that the chest, involuntarily, breathed deeper and deeper, and the word: "Gretchen" - not an exclamation, not a question - just begged to be on the lips. ”What work is this passage from? Name its author, genre, main characters. What compositional technique is used here? author's attitude to what is shown? Argument your opinion. 2. Remember one of M. Yu. Lermontov's poems. By what means does the author draw key images and creates a certain mood? Give examples. 3. Name the types of art you know. How is fiction similar to them and how is it different from them? Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R.

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Identification of the level of literary development of students III way. Test tasks and written response to problematic issue: 1. Match the names of the authors with the titles of the works and their main themes. Write down the answers in three numbers: Literature teacher: Mullayanova A R. Authors of the Work Main topics 1. I. A. Krylov 1. “Undergrowth” 1. Theme little man» 2. D. I. Fonvizin 2. “Vasily Terkin” 2. The theme of patriotism, an allegorical comparison of Kutuzov and Napoleon in Patriotic War 1812 3. A. S. Pushkin 3. "October 19" 3. The theme of the feat of a Russian soldier in the Great Patriotic War 4. A. T. Tvardovsky 4. "Overcoat" 4. The theme of fidelity to friendship that arose during the years of apprenticeship 5. N. V. Gogol 5. "The wolf in the kennel" 5. The theme of exposing the ignorance of the landowners and the upbringing of the nobleman