In the process of the formation of fine arts, genres of painting were also formed. If in pictures cavemen it was possible to see only what surrounded them, then over time, painting became more and more multifaceted and acquired a broad meaning. Artists conveyed their vision of the world in pictures. Historians distinguish the following genres of painting, which have formed over the entire history of this art.

Shanko Irina "Pattern of golden drizzle" canvas/oil 70/85

Self-portrait (from French autoportrait) is a portrait of oneself. Usually refers to a picturesque image; however, self-portraits are also sculptural, literary, cinematic, photographic, etc.

Shanko Irina "Through the Looking Glass" canvas/oil 60/60

allegorical genre(from the Greek allegoria - allegory) - a genre of fine art in which a hidden and secret meaning. In this genre, ideas that are difficult to depict (for example, goodness, strength, power, justice, love, etc.) are shown allegorically through images of living beings, animals or human figures with attributes that are historically attached to the symbolic, easily readable meaning. The allegorical genre is most characteristic of the art of the Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, and Classicism.

animalistic(from lat. animal - animal) - a genre associated with the image of animals in painting, sculpture and graphics.

Shanko Irina "In the forest" canvas/oil 40/50

The battle genre (derived from the French bataille - battle) is a genre of fine art that depicts the themes of war: battles, military campaigns, glorifying military prowess, the fury of battle, the triumph of victory. These paintings are characterized by versatility, the presence of many characters.

Epic and mythological genres. The plots of folklore works, the themes of ancient legends, epics and ancient Greek myths were depicted.

household genre. Artworks household genre address topics Everyday life, give an idea of ​​the occupations and life of various strata of society.

Vanitas (from lat. vanitas, literally - “vanity, vanity”) - a genre of painting of the Baroque era, an allegorical still life, compositional center which is traditionally a human skull. Such paintings, an early stage in the development of the still life, were intended to remind of the transience of life, the futility of pleasure and the inevitability of death.

Veduta. The birthplace of this genre is Venice. It represents an urban panorama, in compliance with architectural forms and proportions.

Gallant - (suave, polite, amiable, courteous, interesting) outdated associated with the image of exquisite lyrical scenes from the life of court ladies and gentlemen in artistic creativity mostly 18th century.

urban landscape(architectural landscape) - a genre of fine art in which the main subject of the image is city streets, buildings.

Shanko Irina "Square of Arts" canvas/oil 40/30

Interior (derived from the French. intérieur - internal) - a genre in which the subject of the image is an image internal view premises.

Ippic genre (derived from the Greek hippos - horse) is a genre of fine art in which the main motive is the image of a horse.

Historical is one of the main genres of fine art, dedicated to historical events of the past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

Caricature - (derived from Italian. caricare - exaggerate) a genre of fine art that uses the means of satire and humor, grotesque, caricature, an image in which comic effect created by exaggeration and sharpening of characteristic features. The caricature ridicules the lack or depravity of the character in order to attract him and the people around him, in order to force him to change for the better.

Capriccio (derived from the Italian capriccio, literally - a whim, a whim) is an architectural fantasy landscape, mostly the ruins of fictitious ancient buildings.

Mythological (from Greek mythos - legend) - a genre of fine art dedicated to heroes and events, which are told by the myths and legends of ancient peoples.

Seascape (marina) (derived from French marine, Italian marina, from Latin marinus - sea) is a genre of fine art depicting a sea view.

Still life - (translated from French - dead, inanimate nature) a genre of fine art, images of inanimate objects placed in a real household environment and organized into a specific group; a picture depicting household items, flowers, fruits, game, caught fish, etc.

Shanko Irina "Still life with peppers" canvas/oil 40/40

Nude (naked) (derived from French nu - naked, undressed) - artistic genre in sculpture, painting, photography and cinema, depicting the beauty of the naked human body, predominantly female. In its development, the nude is closely associated with the image of a naked human body and embodies the ideal of beauty of a given country and era. Nu is born in the Renaissance in the framework of the mythological, allegorical, historical and everyday genres.

Deception is one of the genres of fine art, feature which are special tricks perspective painting, which create the effect of an optical illusion, blur the line between reality and the image.

Parsuna (distorted Latin persona - personality, person) - originally a synonym modern concept portrait, regardless of style, image technique, place and time of writing. The concept of a parsun in the meaning of a work transition period from iconography to secular portraiture.

Pastoral (French pastorale - pastoral, rural) is a genre in literature, painting, music and theater. Genre that erects a simple rural life into a different hypostasis, embellishing it and deifying it.

Landscape (French paysage, from pays - country, area) - a genre dedicated to the image of any area: rivers, mountains, fields, forests, rural or urban landscape. A genre in which pictures of nature are depicted on the canvas. This is a three-dimensional direction that includes the urban landscape, seascape, and other similar topics. IN fine arts the genre is also called individual works dedicated to nature. It can be pristine nature, as well as transformed by man - an industrial landscape.

Shanko Irina "The leprosy of time" canvas/oil 70/70

Portrait (French portrait, “to reproduce something the devil in the devil”) is a genre of fine art dedicated to depicting a person or a group of people; varieties - self-portrait, group portrait, formal, chamber, costume portrait, portrait miniature. In the center of the picture is the image of a man. The artist uses techniques that convey not only appearance, but also inner world your hero.

Shanko Irina canvas/oil size: 37/45

Religious genre. This includes iconography and other paintings on religious themes.

Plot-thematic picture- mixing traditional genres of painting (everyday, historical, battle, compositional portrait, landscape, etc.)

Shanko Irina "Shards of memory" canvas/oil 60/50

Caricature (fr. charge) - humorous or satirical image, in which the characteristic features of the model are changed and emphasized within the limits of the norm, with the aim of making fun, and not humiliating and insulting, as is usually done in cartoons. (See cartoon)

Hua Niao (translated from Chinese birds and flowers) - genre Chinese painting depicting birds and flowers.

Shan shui (translated from Chinese as mountains and water) is a genre of Chinese painting depicting mountains and waterfalls.

Genres of painting can merge and closely interact with each other. Some genres lose their relevance over time, while many, on the contrary, continue to develop along with life.

PAINTING GENRES (French genre - genus, type) - a historically established division of paintings in accordance with the themes and objects of the image.

Although the concept of "genre" appeared in painting relatively recently, certain genre differences have existed since ancient times: images of animals in caves of the Paleolithic era, portraitsancient egyptand Mesopotamia from 3000 BC, landscapes and still lifes in Hellenistic and Roman mosaics and frescoes. The formation of the genre as a system in easel painting began in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. and ended mainly in the 17th century, when, in addition to the division of fine art into genres, the concept of the so-called. "high" and "low" genres, depending on the subject of the image, theme, plot. The “high” genre included historical and mythological genres, while the “low” genre included portrait, landscape, and still life. This gradation of genres lasted until the 19th century. albeit with exceptions.

So, in the 17th century. in Holland, it was precisely the “low” genres that became the leading ones in painting (landscape, everyday genre, still life), and formal portrait, which formally belonged to the "low" genre of portraiture, did not belong to such. Having become a form of reflection of life, the genres of painting, with all the stability common features are not invariable, they develop along with life, changing as art develops. Some genres die off or acquire a new meaning (for example, the mythological genre), new ones arise, usually within pre-existing ones (for example, within the landscape genre, architectural landscape And marina). There are works that combine various genres(for example, a combination of everyday genre with a landscape, a group portrait with a historical genre).

SELF-PORTRAIT(from French autoportrait) - a portrait of oneself. Usually refers to a picturesque image; however, self-portraits are also sculptural, literary, cinematic, photographic, etc.

Rembrandt "Self-portrait".

ALLEGORY(Greek allegoria - allegory) - expression abstract ideas through specific artistic images. Example: "justice" - a woman with scales.

Moretto da Brescia "Allegory of Faith"

ANIMALISTIC(from lat. animal - animal) - a genre associated with the image of animals in painting, sculpture and graphics.

D. Stubbs. Mares and foals in a landscape by the river. 1763-1768

BATTLE(from the French bataille - battle) - dedicated to the image of military operations and military life.

Averyanov Alexander Yurievich. href="http://www.realartist.ru/names/averyanov/30/">Waterloo.

DOMESTIC- associated with the image of everyday life of a person.

Nikolay Dmitrievich DMITRIEV-ORENBURGSKY (1837-1898). Fire in the village

GALLANT- "suave, polite, amiable, courteous, interesting" is obsolete. associated with the depiction of exquisite lyrical scenes from the life of court ladies and gentlemen in art, mainly in the 18th century.

Gerard ter Borch the Younger. Gallant soldier.

HISTORICAL- one of the main genres of fine art, dedicated to historical events of the past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

Pavel Ryzhenko. Peresvet's victory.

CARICATURE- a genre of fine art that uses the means of satire and humor, grotesque, caricature, an image in which a comic effect is created by exaggeration and sharpening of characteristic features. The caricature ridicules the lack or depravity of the character in order to attract him and the people around him, in order to force him to change for the better.

MYTHOLOGICAL- dedicated to the events and heroes about which myths tell. Gods, demiurges, heroes, demons, mythical creatures, historical and mythological characters. In the 19th century, the mythological genre served as the norm for high, ideal art.

Alexander Ivanov. Bellerophon goes on a campaign against the Chimera.

STILL LIFE- a genre of fine art, images of inanimate objects placed in a real household environment and organized into a specific group; a picture depicting household items, flowers, fruits, game, caught fish, etc.

Aenvanck Theodore (Aenvanck, Theodoor)

NUDE(nude) - an artistic genre in sculpture, painting, photography and cinema, depicting the beauty of a naked human body, mostly female.

Venus of Urbino, Titian

PASTORAL(French pastorale - shepherd, rural) - a genre in literature, painting, music and theater, an image of the idyllic life of shepherds and shepherdesses in nature.

SCENERY(French paysage, from pays - country, area), - a genre dedicated to the image of any area: rivers, mountains, fields, forests, rural or urban landscape.

Href="http://solsand.com/wiki/doku.php?id=ostade&DokuWiki=7593bff333e2d137d17806744c6dbf83" >Adriana van Ostade

PORTRAIT(French portrait, “reproduce something the devil in the devil”) - a genre of fine art dedicated to the image of a person or group of people; varieties - self-portrait, group portrait, ceremonial, chamber, costume portrait, portrait miniature.

Borovikovsky V. "Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina"

PLOT-THEMATIC PICTURE- the definition of a kind of crossing of traditional genres of painting, which contributed to the creation of large-scale works on the social significant topics with a clearly defined plot, plot action, multi-figure composition. Briefly: - mixing traditional genres of painting everyday, historical, battle, compositional portrait, landscape, etc.

Robert, Hubert - Inspection of the old church

CARTOON or FRIENDLY CARTOON(French charge) - a humorous or satirical image in which the characteristic features of the model are changed and emphasized within the limits of the norm, with the aim of making fun, and not humiliating and insulting, as is usually done in caricatures.

The allegorical direction is a kind of fine art, represented by almost all genres: still life, portrait, landscape. Exists as a type history painting. In essence, this is the transmission in an illustrative form of a secret meaning, in a way that can be interpreted ambiguously, characters of myths or religious parables, symbols.

Each allegorical painting carries a secret meaning - the message of the artist, hidden in the symbolism of the image. Most popular values symbols - strength, death, love, freedom, goodness, power, justice, evil, faith. The canvas can depict people, animals, objects that carry a hidden meaning. Human or animalistic images can be conveyed through the attributes that the central character canvases.

Peculiarities

Allegory in painting is an allegorical genre that requires a subtle sensation and deep perception from the viewer. This trend was most popular during the times of Mannerism, Baroque, Classics, Renaissance.

Trompley or trickery

It is believed that the genre originated in the times ancient rome, the Greeks were not inclined to symbolism, they preferred direct meaning images in the picture. As religion developed, allegory became more popular and called for spirituality and correct life guidelines. Allegorical canvases are a way to remind about the transience of life, they call to observe moral standards in order to avoid sin. Genre can be called intellectual.

Vanitas

During the Baroque period, the genre of "vanitas" developed - in translation "vanity". The origin of the term is associated with a biblical quotation from Ecclesiastes. “Everything is vanity” is the main message of the vanitas direction.

Genre affiliation - still life. main feature this direction is the presence of a human skull, as a central image on the canvas. The skull could be accompanied by flowers, fruits, kitchen utensils and household items, religious items. The emergence of the genre early stage still life development. The meaning of vanitas is simple - the inevitability of death, the transience of life, its brevity and transience, all pleasures are vain and base, and in the face of death everyone is equal. This meaning is carried by the image of the skull in the picture.

mythological painting

Geographically, the genre is most widespread in the countries Northern Europe Holland, Flanders. Works with a characteristic style are found in France and Spain.
Examples of paintings are the works of Franciscus Geisbrechts, Philippe de Champagne, Peter Boyle, artists of the 17th century.

paraphernalia

The main attribute of the venitas is the skull, which serves as a reminder that no one is eternal. This is a reflection of the transience of life, the frailty of existence.

• Withered flowers surrounding the skull. The most popular image of roses is a flower of love, passion, beauty. Withered rose means aging, mortal sin, vanity. The image of a poppy was often used - a symbol of laziness, sleep. Tulip - a sign of unreasonable treatment of the state, rash acts. The image of a tulip is typical for the Netherlands.
• Grain sprouts and ivy branches are a rare but common attribute. It is a symbol of rebirth, the cycle of life.
• Fruit - wilted or rotten - a sign of death, aging, poverty. Sinfulness is symbolized by plums, figs, apples, peaches. In other words, fresh, ripe fruit is a sign of prosperity, life, health, rotten ones have the opposite meaning. To create an allegory of the Fall, the artists depicted tomatoes, grapes, pears, and cherries on the canvas.
• Dice, chess, cards - the absence of a goal or its illusory nature, fallacy. Playing accessories also mean sinfulness, hedonism.
• Snails - symbolize lust, as one of the deadly sins, laziness, duplicity. The shells of sea mollusks are a sign of death.
• Soap bubbles are a sign of the transience of life, the suddenness of death.
• A fading candle, a cinder, a dying fire is death, the end life path, the transition of the soul to another world.
• Mirror - interesting character in painting. It is used to convey the illusory nature of all living things, the embodiment of pride and vanity, irrealism, since the image is not the living being itself.
• The mask for the carnival is the illusory nature of real nature, hedonism, the emptiness of nature, irresponsibility.
• Fragments of dishes, mirrors, glass - death, destruction of personality. A mortar symbolizes sexuality, an empty glass - death, the exhaustion of a person's life.
• Clock - mechanical or sand - a sign of the end of life.
• A knife or dagger is a sign of sexuality, first of all, male. Other meanings are the fragility of life, the transience of death.
• Globe, maps - a sign of science.
• Notes and musical instruments- means art or the illusory nature of life.
• Medical items, images of anatomical figures - a sign of human relations, illness, mortality.
• Weapons are a sign of power, strength.
• Crown - dominance, in combination with the skull - the transience of power, its fragility.
• Coins, wallet - the emptiness of the soul, vanity, narcissism, imaginary, external beauty.
• Ruins - death, completeness of the life cycle.
• The key is the household.

Battle painting

This is an incomplete list of possible attributes that have been used to create the paintings.
The allegorical genre is also represented by the "dance of death" scenes. The plot appeared in the Middle Ages. It is used to write pictures of a religious direction. The symbol means the frailty of life, the transience of the life cycle.

The symbol was first recorded in the 14th century - it meant the equality of all before death: merchants, kings, peasants, and philistines.

Genre Meaning

Symbolism and hidden meanings are always popular, and such paintings provoke debates that last for centuries. IN contemporary art allegorical - the main direction of creativity of painters. Avant-garde artists use allegory for paintings, photographs, and sculpture.

- this is one of the main types of fine art; represents artistic image objective world colored paints on the surface. Painting is divided into: easel, monumental and decorative.

- mainly represented by works made with oil paints on canvas (cardboard, wooden boards or bare). Represents the most mass view painting. It is this form that is usually applied to the term " painting".

is a technique of drawing on walls in the design of buildings and architectural elements in buildings. Especially common in Europe fresco - monumental painting on wet plaster with water-soluble paints. This drawing technique has been well known since antiquity. Later, this technique was used in the design of many Christian religious temples and their vaults.

decorative painting - (from Latin word from decoro - to decorate) is a way of drawing and drawing images on objects and interior details, walls, furniture and others. decorative items. Refers to arts and crafts.

Possibilities pictorial art easel painting reveals itself especially vividly from the 15th century, from the moment of the mass use of oil paints. It is in it that a special variety of content and deep elaboration of form is available. At the heart of the picturesque artistic means lie colors (the possibilities of colors), in inseparable unity with chiaroscuro, and the line; color and chiaroscuro are developed and developed by painting techniques with a fullness and brightness inaccessible to other art forms. This is due to the inherent realistic painting perfection of volumetric and spatial modeling, lively and accurate transmission of reality, the possibility of realizing the plots conceived by the artist (and methods of constructing compositions) and other pictorial virtues.

Another difference in the differences in the types of painting is the technique of execution according to the types of paints. Not always enough common features for determining. The boundary between painting and graphics in each individual case: for example, works made in watercolor or pastel can belong to both areas, depending on the approach of the artist and the tasks assigned to him. Although drawings on paper are classified as graphics, the application various techniques drawing with paints sometimes blurs the distinction between painting and graphics.

It should be taken into account that the semantic term "painting" itself is a word of the Russian language. It was taken for use as a term during the formation of fine arts in Russia during the Baroque era. The use of the word "painting" at that time applied only to a certain kind of realistic depiction with paints. But originally it comes from the church icon painting technique, which uses the word "write" (referring to writing) because this word is a translation of the meaning in Greek texts (here are such "translation difficulties"). Development in Russia own art school and the inheritance of European academic knowledge in the field of art, developed the scope of the Russian word "painting", inscribing it into educational terminology and literary language. But in the Russian language, a feature of the meaning of the verb "write" was formed in relation to writing and drawing pictures.

Genres of painting

In the course of the development of fine arts, several classical genres of paintings were formed, which acquired their own characteristics and rules.

Portrait- This is a realistic image of a person in which the artist tries to achieve resemblance to the original. One of the most popular genres of painting. Most of the clients used the talent of artists to perpetuate their own image or, wanting to get an image loved one, relative, etc. Customers sought to obtain a portrait resemblance (or even embellish it) leaving a visual embodiment in history. Portraits of various styles are the most massive part of the exposition of most art museums and private collections. This genre includes such a kind of portrait as self-portrait - an image of the artist himself, written by himself.

Scenery- one of the popular pictorial genres in which the artist seeks to display nature, its beauty or peculiarity. Various types of nature (the mood of the season and weather) have a bright emotional impact on any viewer - this is a psychological feature of a person. The desire to get an emotional impression from landscapes has made this genre one of the most popular in artistic creation.

- this genre is in many ways similar to the landscape, but has a key feature: the paintings depict landscapes with the participation of architectural objects, buildings or cities. special direction - street views cities that convey the atmosphere of the place. Another direction of this genre is the image of the beauty of the architecture of a particular building - its appearance or images of its interiors.

- a genre in which the main plot of the paintings is historical event or its interpretation by the artist. Interestingly, this genre includes a huge number of paintings on a biblical theme. Since in the Middle Ages biblical stories were considered "historical" events and the main customers of these paintings was the church. "Historical" biblical scenes are present in the work of most artists. The rebirth of historical painting occurs during neoclassicism, when artists turn to famous historical subjects, events from antiquity or national legends.

- reflects scenes of wars and battles. A feature is not only the desire to reflect a historical event, but also to convey to the viewer the emotional exaltation of feat and heroism. Subsequently, this genre also becomes political, allowing the artist to convey to the viewer his view (his attitude) on what is happening. We can see a similar effect of a political accent and the strength of the artist's talent in the work of V. Vereshchagin.

- This is a genre of painting with compositions from inanimate objects, using flowers, products, dishes. This genre is one of the latest and was formed in Dutch school painting. Perhaps its appearance is due to the peculiarity of the Dutch school. The economic heyday of the 17th century in Holland led to a desire for affordable luxury (paintings) in a significant number of the population. This situation attracted a large number of artists to Holland, causing intense competition among them. Models and workshops (people in appropriate clothes) were not available to poor artists. Drawing paintings for sale, they used improvised means (objects) to compose paintings. This situation in the history of the Dutch school is the reason for the development of genre painting.

Genre painting - the plot of the paintings are everyday scenes of everyday life or holidays, usually with the participation ordinary people. As well as still life, it became widespread among the artists of Holland in the 17th century. During the period of romanticism and neoclassicism, this genre takes on a new birth, the paintings tend not so much to reflect everyday life how much to romanticize it, to add to the plot certain meaning or morality.

Marina- a type of landscape that depicts sea views, coastal landscapes overlooking the sea, sunrises and sunsets on the sea, ships or even naval battles. Although there is a separate battle genre, but naval battles still belong to the marina genre. The development and popularization of this genre can also be attributed to the Dutch school of the 17th century. He was popular in Russia thanks to the work of Aivazovsky.

- a feature of this genre is the creation realistic paintings depicting the beauty of animals and birds. One of interesting features This genre is the presence of paintings depicting non-existent or mythical animals. Artists who specialize in images of animals are called animalists.

History of painting

Need in realistic image existed since ancient times, but had a number of shortcomings due to the lack of technology, a systematized school and education. In antiquity, one can often find examples of applied and monumental painting with the technique of painting on plaster. In antiquity, more importance was attached to the talent of the performer, artists were limited in the technology of making paints and the opportunity to receive a systematic education. But already in antiquity, specialized knowledge and works (Vitruvius) were formed, which will be the basis of a new flourishing European art during the Renaissance. Decorative painting received significant development during Greek and Roman antiquity (the school was lost in the Middle Ages), the level of which was reached only after the 15th century.

Painting of a Roman fresco (Pompeii, 1st century BC), an example of the state of the art of ancient painting:

The "Dark Ages" of the Middle Ages, militant Christianity and the Inquisition lead to bans on the study artistic heritage antiquity. The vast experience of ancient masters, knowledge in the field of proportions, composition, architecture and sculpture are banned, and many artistic values destroyed because of their dedication to ancient deities. The return to the values ​​of art and science in Europe occurs only during the Renaissance (revival).

Artists early renaissance(revival) have to catch up and revive the achievements and level of ancient artists. What we admire in the work of early Renaissance artists was the level of the masters of Rome. A clear example of the loss of several centuries of development of European art (and civilization) in the period " dark ages"Middle Ages, militant Christianity and the Inquisition - the difference between these paintings of the 14th century!

The emergence and spread of the technology of making oil paints and the technique of drawing them in the 15th century gives rise to the development of easel painting and special kind artists' products - colored oil paintings on primed canvas or wood.

Painting received a huge leap in the qualitative development in the Renaissance, largely due to the work of Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472). He first laid out the foundations of perspective in painting (the treatise "On Painting" in 1436). To him (his works on systematization scientific knowledge) the European art school owes the appearance (revival) of realistic perspective and natural proportions in the paintings of artists. The famous and familiar drawing by Leonardo da Vinci "Vitruvian Man"(human proportions) of 1493, dedicated to the systematization of Vitruvius's ancient knowledge of proportions and composition, was created by Leonardo half a century later than Alberti's treatise "On Painting". And the work of Leonardo is a continuation of the development of the European (Italian) art school of the Renaissance.

But bright and mass development painting received, starting from the 16-17 centuries, when it became a common technique oil painting, various technologies for making paints appeared and schools of painting were formed. It is the system of knowledge and art education (drawing technique), combined with the demand for works of art from the aristocracy and monarchs, that leads to the rapid flowering of fine arts in Europe (Baroque period).

The unlimited financial possibilities of European monarchies, aristocracy and entrepreneurs have become excellent ground for further development painting in the 17th-19th centuries. And the weakening of the influence of the church and the secular way of life (multiplied by the development of Protestantism) allowed the birth of many subjects, styles and trends in painting (baroque and rococo).

In the course of the development of fine arts, artists have formed many styles and techniques that lead to the highest level realism in works. By the end of the 19th century (with the advent of modernist trends), interesting transformations began in painting. The availability of art education, massive competition and high demands on the skill of artists from the public (and buyers) give rise to new directions in the ways of expression. Fine art is no longer limited only by the level of performance technique, artists strive to bring into the works special meanings, ways of "look" and philosophy. What often goes to the detriment of the level of performance, becomes speculation or a way of outrageous. The variety of emerging styles, lively discussions and even scandals give rise to the development of interest in new forms of painting.

Modern computer (digital) drawing technologies are related to graphics and cannot be called painting, although many computer programs and equipment allow you to completely repeat any painting technique with paints.

Paintings are divided by genre. Having become a form of reflection of life, genres are not constant, they develop, change, are born along with life, changing as art develops.

A genre that has abandoned the depiction of forms close to reality. Achieving harmonization by depicting certain color combinations and geometric shapes, causing the viewer to feel the completeness and completeness of the composition.

- a portrait of himself. There are two main types: professional and personal. It also offers a more detailed classification: insert self-portrait - the artist is depicted in a group of characters of some plot; representative - the artist depicts himself in the image historical person or a religious hero; group portrait - the artist is depicted with family members or other real persons; separate - the artist is depicted alone.

- a genre in which a hidden and secret meaning is laid in a work of art. Goodness, strength, power, justice, love, etc., which are difficult to depict, are shown allegorically through images of living beings, animals or human figures with attributes that have historically been assigned a symbolic, easily readable meaning.

Animalism- a genre whose main object is animals.

- a genre dedicated to the themes of war and military life. The main place is occupied by scenes of land, sea battles and military campaigns. The desire to capture a particularly important or characteristic moment of the battle, to reveal the historical meaning of military events, which brings the battle genre closer to the historical one. Scenes of military life connect him with the genre of everyday life.

Bidinga- a genre of works of painting and graphics depicting feminine beauty V traditional art Japan. The bidding notation can thus also be used for modern means art representing classic look beautiful Japanese woman usually dressed in a kimono.

- a genre of fine art in which scenes from epics and folklore are depicted.

- a genre dedicated to everyday, private and public life, usually a contemporary artist.

Vanitas- a genre of painting of the Baroque era, an allegorical still life, the compositional center of which is traditionally a human skull. Such paintings, an early stage in the development of the still life, were intended to remind of the transience of life, the futility of pleasure and the inevitability of death.

Veduta- a genre especially popular in Venice of the 18th century. It is a painting, drawing or engraving depicting a detailed depiction of an everyday urban landscape.

urban landscape- a genre in which the main subject of the image are city streets, buildings. Equivalent to the urban landscape, the difference in definitions is only that the first refers to large urbanized cities, and the second to small ones.

Illustration- a drawing, engraving or other image explaining the text. Illustrations are used to convey an emotional atmosphere artwork, visualization of the heroes of the narrative, demonstration of objects, display step by step instructions in the technical documentation.

Interior- a genre in which the subject of the image is an image of the interior of the room.

- a genre depicting a horse. special flourishing reached in the XVIII and in XIX centuries when, along with genre and battle works, including generalized images of horses, animal artists began to create portraits of famous horses and trotters, achieving documentary similarity.

- originates in the Renaissance and includes works not only on plots real events, but also mythological, biblical and gospel paintings. One of the main genres eventful past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

Calligraphy- the genre is often called art beautiful writing, the art of designing signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner.

Capriccio- genre landscape painting popular in the 17th and 18th centuries. The paintings of the genre depicted architectural fantasies, mostly the ruins of fictitious ancient buildings. Capriccio is closely related to the veduta genre.

Karik atura- a genre that is the main form of pictorial satire, in a satirical or humorous form depicts any social, socio-political, everyday phenomena, real faces or characteristic types of people.

Marina (seascape)- a genre depicting a sea view, scene naval battle or other events taking place at sea. It is a kind of landscape. As an independent type of landscape painting, the marina stood out in early XVII century in Holland.

Miniature- the genre of works of small forms, as well as the art of their creation.

- a genre that draws plots from mythologies different peoples. Peculiarity mythological genre- free interpretation of legendary stories. It formed in ancient art, and in the Renaissance, it flourished.

Mosaic- the genre of the work of which involves the formation of an image by arranging, setting and fixing multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials on the surface.

Still life- genre depicting inanimate objects life.

New- a genre depicting the beauty and aesthetics of a naked human body. Nu is born in the Renaissance in the framework of the mythological, allegorical, historical and everyday genres. The formation of the nude as a genre takes place in the 17th century with the spread of the ideas of sensationalism.

Blende- one of the genres of fine art, a characteristic feature of which is the special techniques of perspective painting, which create the effect of optical illusion, blur the line between reality and image.

Parsuna- an early primitive genre of portraiture in the Russian kingdom, in its pictorial means dependent on icon painting.