What genre is represented in the embroidered picture. What are the genres of painting

Paintings are divided by genre. Having become a form of reflection of life, genres are not constant, they develop, change, are born along with life, changing as art develops.

A genre that has abandoned the depiction of forms close to reality. Achieving harmonization by depicting certain color combinations and geometric shapes, causing the contemplator to feel the completeness and completeness of the composition.

- a portrait of himself. There are two main types: professional and personal. It also offers a more detailed classification: insert self-portrait - the artist is depicted in a group of characters of some plot; representative - the artist portrays himself in the image of a historical figure or a religious hero; group portrait- the artist is depicted with family members or other real persons; separate - the artist is depicted alone.

- a genre in which a work of art contains a hidden and secret meaning. Goodness, strength, power, justice, love, etc., which are difficult to depict, are shown allegorically through images of living beings, animals or human figures with attributes that have historically been assigned a symbolic, easily readable meaning.

Animalism- a genre whose main object is animals.

- a genre dedicated to the themes of war and military life. The main place is occupied by scenes of land, naval battles and military campaigns. The desire to capture a particularly important or characteristic moment of the battle, to reveal the historical meaning of military events, which brings battle genre with historical. Scenes of military life connect him with the genre of everyday life.

Bidinga- a genre of works of painting and graphics depicting feminine beauty V traditional art Japan. The bidding notation can thus also be used for modern means art representing classic look beautiful Japanese woman usually dressed in a kimono.

- a genre of fine art in which scenes from epics and folklore are depicted.

- a genre dedicated to everyday, private and public life, usually a contemporary artist.

Vanitas- genre of painting of the Baroque era, allegorical still life, compositional center which is traditionally a human skull. Such paintings, an early stage in the development of the still life, were intended to remind of the transience of life, the futility of pleasure and the inevitability of death.

Veduta- a genre especially popular in Venice of the 18th century. It is a painting, drawing or engraving depicting a detailed depiction of an everyday urban landscape.

urban landscape- a genre in which the main subject of the image are city streets, buildings. Equivalent to the urban landscape, the difference in definitions is only that the first refers to large urbanized cities, and the second to small ones.

Illustration- a drawing, engraving or other image explaining the text. Illustrations are used to convey an emotional atmosphere artwork, visualization of the heroes of the narrative, demonstration of objects, display step by step instructions in the technical documentation.

Interior- a genre in which the subject of the image is an image internal view premises.

- a genre depicting a horse. It reached its peak in the 18th and 19th centuries, when, along with genre and battle works, including generalized images of horses, animal painters began to create portraits of famous horses and trotters, achieving documentary similarities.

- originates in the Renaissance and includes works not only on plots real events, but also mythological, biblical and gospel paintings. One of the main genres is dedicated to the events of the past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

Calligraphy- the genre is often called art beautiful letter, the art of designing signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner.

Capriccio- a genre of landscape painting, popular in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The paintings of the genre depicted architectural fantasies, mostly the ruins of fictitious ancient buildings. Capriccio is closely related to the veduta genre.

Karik atura- a genre that is the main form of pictorial satire, in a satirical or humorous form depicts any social, socio-political, everyday phenomena, real faces or characteristic types of people.

Marina (seascape)- a genre depicting a sea view, a scene of a sea battle or other events taking place at sea. It is a kind of landscape. As an independent type of landscape painting, the marina stood out at the beginning of the 17th century in Holland.

Miniature- the genre of works of small forms, as well as the art of their creation.

- a genre that draws plots from mythologies different peoples. A feature of the mythological genre is the free interpretation of legendary stories. It was formed in ancient art, and in the Renaissance it flourished.

Mosaic- the genre of the work of which involves the formation of an image by arranging, setting and fixing multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials on the surface.

Still life- a genre depicting inanimate objects of everyday life.

New- a genre depicting the beauty and aesthetics of the naked human body. Nu is born in the Renaissance within the framework of the mythological, allegorical, historical and household genres. The formation of the nude as a genre takes place in the 17th century with the spread of the ideas of sensationalism.

Blende- one of the genres of fine art, feature which are special tricks perspective painting, which create the effect of an optical illusion, blur the line between reality and the image.

Parsuna- an early primitive genre of portraiture in the Russian kingdom, in its pictorial means dependent on icon painting.

Allegory (from other Greek ἀλληγορία - allegory) in the visual arts appeared in ancient times and was known even in antiquity. If we express in simple words what an allegory is in painting and art in general, then we can say that it is artistic image with subtext. specific images, for example, figures of people, animals, objects, objects, and so on, in allegorical painting express any concept, idea, philosophy. The paintings of artists, which are filled with symbols, are quite common, and at the time they were very developed and popular. In this regard, a whole doctrine of allegorical symbols and images appeared.

Many artists of the past in their paintings encrypted such allegorical symbols who criticized power, religion, lifestyle, specific people and so on, but at the same time they were completely incomprehensible to ordinary viewers and could only be deciphered by people who were well versed in the symbols of the allegory. In the rest, the artists create such pictures that can be understood by the ordinary viewer and freely interpreted by him. For example, if a woman holds a scale, then there is an allegory of justice, if a sword, then war is implied, winter can be expressed in white clothes, autumn in an abundance of ripe fruits, winged cupids express love, a scythe - death, hourglass— flowing time and so on and so on. Symbols or allegories can be countless. In addition, each artist can create his own allegorical formulas and symbols according to the ideas of his time, which we can observe, for example, in modern magazine caricature. Often as allegorical images ancient gods, deities, demigods, heroes are used. Since in ancient times, almost every phenomenon in human life had its own god, patron, muse, and so on, then they are best suited to express the essence of the idea with the help of beautiful, poetic, romantic images.

With the help of allegory, the artist achieves a meaningful depth of his work. By placing one or more allegorical symbols in the plot area, the artist achieves a real philosophical concept, which is all the more vividly perceived by a person when expressed with the help of beautiful external images. It is also worth noting that the allegorical thinking of artists directly influenced the subsequent development of painting in general. It is the veiled images hidden meaning, the symbolic code of painting, which were originally inherent in the art of Hellenism, and then classicism, subsequently began to transform into more complex and developed designs, turning into various avant-garde arts.

allegorical paintings

Emile Auguste Pinchart - Allegory of Spring

Benjamin West - The Power of Love in the Three Elements

Willem van Mieris - Allegory of Anger

Dossi Dosso - Allegory of Good Luck

Jean-Baptiste Oudry - Abundance

Maella Mariano Salvador - Spring

Ribera and Fernandez, Juan Antonio - Allegory of summer

Watts George Frederick – Hope

Charles Joseph Natoire - Allegory of Architecture

Picturesque works of art are usually divided into genres. They are a form of reflection of life and help to classify and unite picturesque paintings different artists. The genres of painting are constantly changing with the epochs, some of them disappear or are reborn in new form. For example, such as vanitas (allegorical still life of the Baroque era) or capriccio (architectural fantasy landscape).

Also, new genres arise over time, which are subdivisions of existing ones. For example, in a landscape, you can highlight the urban landscape, the interior. The combination of genres into more common names. An example can be given: the battle, historical, everyday, allegorical genre is often called figurative. The genres of painting are very numerous, as new masters of painting with new talents and ideas appear all the time. And that's great, because everything is moving forward. Let's get acquainted with the widely known and most commonly used genres.

Marina

Marina- a genre of painting that depicts a sea view. It is a kind of landscape. Usually in such paintings you can see the sea element in different time years and in various conditions. Also, marine painters depict the struggle between man and the elements, for example, they often draw ships and sailboats caught in a storm.

It is a genre of fine art, to which the main theme is nature. It can be depicted in its original form or in a human-transformed form. The landscape in the modern view is what has been formed over many centuries as it changes and emerges. artistic techniques. The main place in this genre is given to perspective, composition, depiction of changes in air and aquatic environment, as well as light.

- This is an image in the paintings of animals. It combines two principles: artistic and scientific. The author can focus in his paintings both on the exact depiction of animals and on figurative characteristics. For example, endowing animals with human traits.

This is an image of architectural structures. It can be attributed to a variety of landscape, which depicts not a natural landscape, but an architectural one. In addition to images of various structures, you can see images of interiors in this genre.

- this is the artist's depiction of battle scenes. This is a war theme that displays the history of land, sea battles and military campaigns. The authors of this genre strive to show the heroes of the war, to capture important points battles, as well as reveal their historical meaning.

- reflection by the artist of the scenes of the everyday life of the people and the reality surrounding them. These can be market scenes, images of holidays and street scenes, women and children, needlewomen at work and much more. The artist can depict real and fictional scenes.

- depiction by artists of various historical events and figures, as well as major public events.

- a genre in which inanimate objects are displayed in the paintings. They can be various household items: kitchen utensils, dishes, fruits and flowers, as well as compositions from these items. The most famous still life artists of the Flemish and Dutch schools, who create works in a special technique.

The essence of art

The oldest rock art, according to scientists, were made about 40 thousand years ago. Art galleries of prehistoric times are caves with walls painted with natural dyes - clay, charcoal, chalk, etc. Such "museums" are found in Europe, Asia, America, Australia.

The drawings of ancient artists have all the features of real works of fine art. They feel the sharp look of the observer, the firm hand of the draftsman, the expressiveness of color combinations. The genres of painting, created an unthinkable number of years ago, will be relevant throughout human history, they are significant even now: images of humans and animals, scenes of peace and war...

The essence of fine art has also remained unchanged for many centuries: the creation of visual images that reflect the impression of a human creator from objective world and phenomena of a spiritual order, an artistic chronicle of historical events of various scales, a game of fantasy and imagination based on labor and talent. Artists to solve such problems for for a long time developed various styles and genres of painting. Their number is large, and the signs are determined by the creativity of specific masters.

Monumental and easel painting

The strength of the artistic impact of a painting depends on factors that very often do not find a clear definition. The size of a painting is one of the most conditional criteria in assessing the scale of a work of fine art. A postcard-sized watercolor can tell more about the world than multi-meter panels with thousands of characters.

The division of painting into monumental and easel does not speak of the greatness of the artist's creative tasks, it determines the way of exposure more. Frescoes on the walls of palaces and cathedrals, paintings of huge halls occupy important place in the work of the titans of the Renaissance - the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is monumental in every sense. But who will say that the portrait of a Florentine named Mona Lisa, painted on a poplar board measuring 70 x 53 cm, is less significant for world art?

Pictures created on separate canvases, sheets, boards, which have "mobility", are commonly called works of easel painting. Monumental painting is always associated with architecture, with interior design, therefore, in order to see Leonardo's fresco live " The Last Supper” on the wall of the refectory of the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, you will have to go to Milan.

The main genres of painting

Each new historical era gives rise to typical visible images, masters appear with a unique way of displaying them, so the number of “isms” in the history of art is huge.

A slightly smaller number defines the genres of painting - the division of works fine arts depending on the topic that interested the artist-painter. Landscape, still life, portrait, narrative or figurative painting, abstraction are the most important genres of fine art.

Life of genres

Everything is in a clear connection with the period of history, and genres too - they are born, mixed, changed or disappear. For example, only specialists know such genres of 18th-century painting as veduta, rossica, or earlier vanitas. In fact, these are just varieties of landscape, portrait and still life.

Veduta (Italian veduta - "view") - a view of the urban landscape born in Venice with detailed details; the brightest master vedutist - Canaletto (1697-1768). Portraits created by Western European painters who came to St. Petersburg are called Rossika.

Vanitas is an allegorical still life (French nature morte - "dead nature"), in the center of which there is always an image of a human skull. This name comes from Latin word vanitas, meaning vanity, vanity.

Often subject paintings wears detached national character. For example, hua-niao (“images of flowers and birds”) and its stylistic directions: mo-zhu (“bamboo, drawn in ink”) and mo-mei (“blooming plum, drawn in ink”) - all these are genres Chinese painting having global importance. Their best examples can delight any viewer with the virtuoso accuracy of the drawing and special spirituality, but they could only be born in the atmosphere ancient culture Celestial.

Scenery

Translated from French, pays is a country, a locality. Hence the name of one of the most popular pictorial genres - landscape. Although the first attempts to convey the surrounding nature are found among the rock paintings, and the masters of Japan and China reached unthinkable heights in depicting the sky, water, plants long before our era, classical landscape can be considered a relatively young genre.

This is due to technological subtleties. The opportunity to go out with a sketchbook and paints in tubes to the open air - to paint nature in natural light - had an impact on all genres of painting. Examples of the unprecedented flourishing of the landscape can be encountered when studying the work of the Impressionists. It was the picture of the sunrise on the river near Le Havre, painted by Claude Monet (1840-1926), - “Impression” (“Impression”) - that gave the name to the current in painting, which radically changed the view of the goals and means of art.

But more later history keeps the names of great landscape painters. If in the icons and paintings of the Middle Ages nature is a schematic and flat background for the main image, then starting from early renaissance landscape is an active means of conversation with the viewer. Giorgione (“Thunderstorm”), Titian (“Flight into Egypt”), El Greco (“View of Toledo”) - in the paintings of these masters, nature views become the main content of the canvas, and in the landscapes of Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525-1569) understanding of the place man in the world around reaches a cosmic scale.

In Russian painting, the masterpieces of landscape masters are well known. "Morning in pine forest» I. I. Shishkin, «Above Eternal Peace» by I. I. Levitan, « Moonlight night on the Dnieper" by A. I. Kuindzhi, "The Rooks Have Arrived" by A. K. Savrasov and many other paintings are not just beautiful views or various weather conditions. Like music, they can evoke new thoughts in the viewer, strong emotions and feelings, lead to high generalizations and truths.

Varieties of landscape: urban, seascape

Urban landscape (veduta, later - industrial) - these are genres of painting with examples of active adherents both among artists and among lovers of this trend in art. How can one not admire the "View of the City of Delft" by Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)?!

The water element has always fascinated a person, especially an artist. Marinas, that is, varieties of paintings where main theme is the sea, became isolated from ordinary landscapes With early XVII century in Holland. At first they were just “portraits of ships”, but then the sea itself became the main object that captivated both realists and romantics. It began to complement other genres of painting. Examples of the use of the marine theme can be found looking at the religious and mythological paintings of Rembrandt, Dutch battle painters, Delacroix and the Impressionists. The great master marine painter was the Englishman William Turner (1775-1851).

I. K. Aivazovsky (1817-1900), who became the greatest artist-poet of the sea, never changed the sea theme. "The Ninth Wave", "The Black Sea" and more than 6 thousand paintings are still unsurpassed examples of marinas.

Portrait

Image appearance a specific, existing or existing person, and through appearance - an expression of his inner content - this is how you can determine the essence of one of the most important pictorial genres. This essence remained, although fashion changed, new styles of painting appeared and obsolete ones went into the past, because the main thing was individuality, the uniqueness of the individual. Wherein portrait genre does not have iron frames, can be an element of plot and figurative paintings and has many genre subspecies.

Portrait of a great man - historical genre in painting. "How is it?" the reader will ask. The hero, having an external and internal resemblance to a specific personality, is endowed with an environment corresponding to the “high” genre. Other subspecies portrait direction called a costumed (mythological, allegorical), typical, family, group portrait.

One of the greatest masterpieces, which for three and a half centuries has not revealed its mysteries to the end, is “ The night Watch» Rembrandt. This picture is a group portrait of a military police detachment, where each character has specific name and character. They enter into an interaction that gives birth to a story that excites anyone who begins to peer into the faces of the people of the 17th century.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1608-1669) is also known as the author of numerous self-portraits, through which one can trace the artist's fate, full of tragic blows and short happy periods. Many of them can be seen household genre in painting, if we attach importance to deliberately simple surroundings and clothes. But the genius of the master fills self-portraits with cosmic content. This genre variety is full of examples of the greatest ups and downs of skill and talent, because who better than the author knows the person being portrayed in this case?

Still life

Another of the most sought-after genres is the expression of individual and public understanding of the world through the depiction of its substantive content. For a real artist, the choice of still life components is important to the smallest detail - this is where a fascinating story begins, complemented by pure artistic means: composition, pattern, color, etc. Style originality expressed in the genre of still life especially clearly: it assumes a carefully thought-out work on a motionless nature with selected lighting, etc.

Started its history as component religious and genre compositions, still life quickly became a valuable genre. Dutch still life (steel-life - « quiet life”) is a special page in the history of art. Luxurious compositions of flowers and food or ascetic allegories of an intellectual nature, "tricks" ... Yes, at Dutch still life XVII century there are well-established subspecies.

Masterpieces of this genre can be found in the work of artists of all significant styles and trends. Among them are academic decorative paintings by I. F. Khrutsky (1810-1885), deep and ambiguous productions by Cezanne (1839-1906) and the Impressionists, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers and the abundant Moscow Food by I. I. Mashkov (1881-1944). ) from The Jack of Diamonds, figurative search for the Cubists and a jar canned soup Andy Warhol.

High and low genera painting

During the period of classicism, the division into high and low genre in painting was fixed by the French Academy of Fine Arts. In the hierarchy, which all the leading art academies gradually began to adhere to, the historical genre - the Grand genre - was declared the main one. It included not only images of battles and other events of the past, but also paintings on allegorical and literary plots, as well as the mythological genre of painting. It was these themes that were considered worthy for true masters of fine art.

The petit genre - “low genre” - included (in descending order): portrait, everyday genre in painting, landscape, marinas, images of animals (animalistics) and still life.

Old and new genres

canvases on historical theme, mainly depicting military battles, multi-figure compositions for religious and mythological subjects were the result of training in many art academies up to late XIX century. Such paintings as "The Last Day of Pompeii" by K. P. Bryullov (1799-1852) were a world-class event, they amazed with the scope of the idea and the skill of implementation.

Those who opened up new horizons, the Impressionists, opposed the academic division into genres. It was they who created canvases on which plots from ordinary life, scenes of work and leisure of people of ordinary townspeople and peasants acquired the value of an object of high art.

Later, masters appeared who did not need plots or even objects to express their ideas. real world, and paintings by abstract artists that do not contain material objects or even references to them, can be attributed to a separate genre type.

Style and genre diversity

A real artist is always looking for his style, his face, his palette. Often, in order to define styles of painting, art historians have to invent new terms. But the correct application of these concepts and the correct genre classification cannot outweigh the novelty and originality of artistic talent, the value of each artist's unique contribution to world culture, in the development of understanding the world with the help of visual images.

). However, within the framework of this article, we will consider only subject art.

Historically, all genres were divided into high and low. TO high genre or historical painting included works of a monumental nature, carrying some kind of morality, a significant idea, demonstrating historical, military events associated with religion, mythology or fiction.

TO low genre included everything related to everyday life. These are still lifes, portraits, household painting, landscapes, animalism, images of naked people and more.

Animalism (lat. animal - animal)

The animalistic genre arose in antiquity, when the first people painted predatory animals on the rocks. Gradually, this direction developed into independent genre, implying an expressive image of any animals. Animalists usually show a great interest in the animal world, for example, they can be excellent riders, keep pets, or simply study their habits for a long time. As a result of the artist's intention, animals can appear realistic or in the form of artistic images.

Among Russian artists, many were well versed in horses, for example, and. So, in the famous painting by Vasnetsov “Heroes”, heroic horses are depicted with the greatest skill: colors, animal behavior, bridles and their connection with riders are carefully thought out. Serov did not like people and considered the horse in many ways better than a man, which is why he often depicted it in a variety of scenes. although he painted animals, he did not consider himself an animal painter, so the bears in his famous painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” were created by the animal painter K. Savitsky.

In tsarist times, portraits with pets, which were dear to man, became especially popular. For example, in the picture, Empress Catherine II appeared with her beloved dog. Animals were also present in the portraits of other Russian artists.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the domestic genre

history painting

This genre means monumental paintings which are called upon to convey to society a grandiose idea, any truth, morality, or to demonstrate significant events. It includes works on historical, mythological, religious themes, folklore, as well as military scenes.

In ancient states, myths and legends were considered past events for a long time, so they were often depicted on frescoes or vases. Later artists began to separate the events from fiction, which was expressed primarily in the image battle scenes. IN Ancient Rome, Egypt and Greece on the shields of victorious warriors often depicted scenes of heroic battles in order to demonstrate their triumph over the enemy.

In the Middle Ages, due to the dominance of church dogmas, religious themes prevailed, in the Renaissance, society turned to the past mainly in order to glorify its states and rulers, and since the 18th century, this genre was often turned to educate young people. In Russia, the genre became widespread in the 19th century, when artists often tried to analyze the life of Russian society.

In the works of Russian artists battle painting was presented, for example, and . Mythological and religious subjects in his paintings affected,. history painting dominated y, folklore - y.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the genre of historical painting

Still life (fr. nature - nature and morte - dead)

This genre of painting is associated with the image inanimate objects. They can be flowers, fruits, dishes, game, kitchen utensils and other items, from which the artist often composes a composition according to his plan.

The first still lifes appeared in ancient countries. IN Ancient Egypt it was customary to depict offerings to the gods in the form of various dishes. At the same time, the recognition of the subject was in the first place, so the ancient artists did not particularly care about the chiaroscuro or texture of still life objects. IN Ancient Greece and Rome, flowers and fruits were found in paintings and in houses to decorate the interior, so that they were already depicted more reliably and picturesquely. The formation and flourishing of this genre falls on the 16th and 17th centuries, when still lifes began to contain hidden religious and other meanings. At the same time, their many varieties appeared, depending on the subject of the image (flower, fruit, scientist, etc.).

In Russia, the heyday of still life falls only in the 20th century, since before that it was used mainly for educational purposes. But this development was rapid and captured, including abstractionism with all its directions. For example, he created beautiful flower arrangements in, preferred, worked in and often “revived” his still lifes, giving the viewer the impression that the dishes were about to fall off the table or that all objects would now begin to rotate.

The objects depicted by the artists, of course, were also influenced by their theoretical views or worldview, state of mind. So, these were objects depicted according to the principle of spherical perspective discovered by him, and expressionist still lifes were striking in their drama.

Many Russian artists used still life mainly for educational purposes. So, not only honed artistic skill, but also conducted many experiments, laying out objects in different ways, working with light and color. experimented with the shape and color of the line, sometimes moving away from realism to pure primitivism, sometimes mixing both styles.

Other artists combined in still lifes what they depicted earlier and their favorite things. For example, in the paintings you can find his favorite vase, music notes and the portrait of his wife he created before, but he depicted flowers loved since childhood.

Many other Russian artists worked in the same genre, for example, and others.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the still life genre

Nude (fr. nudite - nudity, abbreviated nu)

This genre is designed to depict the beauty of the naked body and appeared even before our era. IN ancient world great attention paid physical development because the survival of the entire human race depended on it. So, in ancient Greece, athletes traditionally competed naked so that boys and young men could see them perfectly. developed bodies and strived for the same physical perfection. Approximately in the VII-VI centuries. BC e. Nude male statues also appeared, personifying the physical power of a man. Female figures, on the contrary, always appeared before the audience in robes, since to expose female body was not accepted.

In subsequent eras, attitudes towards naked bodies changed. So, in the days of Hellenism (from the end of the 6th century BC), endurance faded into the background, giving way to admiring male figure. At the same time, the first female nude figures began to appear. In the Baroque era, women were considered ideal with magnificent forms, in Rococo times, sensuality became a priority, and in XIX-XX centuries paintings or sculptures with naked bodies (especially male) were often banned.

Russian artists have repeatedly turned to the nude genre in their works. So, these are dancers with theatrical attributes, these are posing girls or women in the center of monumental plots. This is a lot of sensual women, including in couples, this is a whole series of paintings depicting naked women behind different activities, and y are girls full of innocence. Some, for example, depicted completely naked men, although such paintings were not welcomed by the society of their time.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the nude genre

Landscape (fr. Paysage, from pays - area)

In this genre, the priority is the image of natural or man-made environment: natural corners, types of cities, villages, monuments, etc. Depending on the selected object, natural, industrial, marine, rural, lyrical and other landscapes are distinguished.

The first landscapes of ancient artists were discovered in rock art Neolithic era and were images of trees, rivers or lakes. Later, the natural motif was used to decorate the home. In the Middle Ages, the landscape was almost completely replaced by religious themes, and in the Renaissance, on the contrary, the harmonious relationship between man and nature came to the fore.

In Russia landscape painting developed from the 18th century and was initially limited (landscapes were created in this style, for example, and), but later a whole galaxy of talented Russian artists enriched this genre with techniques from different styles and trends. created the so-called discreet landscape, that is, instead of chasing spectacular views, he depicted the most intimate moments in Russian nature. and came to lyrical landscape, which struck the audience with a subtly conveyed mood.

And this is an epic landscape, when the viewer is shown all the grandeur of the surrounding world. endlessly turned to antiquity, E. Volkov knew how to turn any discreet landscape into a poetic picture, amazed the viewer with his wondrous light in landscapes, but could endlessly admire forest corners, parks, sunsets and convey this love to the viewer.

Each of the landscape painters focused on a landscape that fascinated him especially strongly. Many artists could not pass by large-scale construction projects and painted a lot of industrial and urban landscapes. Among them are works