Essentially, each music director does to some extent music therapy, changing with musical art mood and attitude of their pupils. It is important that children master certain skills, knowledge and skills in the field of music. But the most valuable thing for a teacher is not so much the level of aesthetic training as the character emotional state child.
The main task in music therapy is to teach the child a "musical" vision and perception of the world.
Show the child that each of his experiences, whether joy or sadness, can and should be expressed in vocal and dance improvisations, i.e. in creativity.
For example, here are a few creative tasks that can be given to children, encouraging them to vocal (song) self-expression:
- "Sing what's your name."
- "Sing to your doll how you love her" (or a lullaby).
- "Sing, what mood are you in right now?"
- "Say hello with a song."
You can also invite the child to your question-song to come up with and sing the answer-song. For example:
What do you want, bear?
Honey rug.
What do you want, kitty?
A little milk.
All vocal creative tasks are performed individually. As a result, emotional stiffness and tension are reduced and eliminated.
But dance creativity, moreover, also helps children quickly and easily establish friendly ties with other children, which also gives a certain therapeutic effect.
Here are some more creative activities that encourage children to already dance self-expression:
- You can invite children to the music to go for a walk in a fairy forest.
- Offer to march around the square with a festive march.
- Admire a beautiful flower.
- Show how it moves
crouching cat,
Butterfly flutters,
The mouse is running
There is a crocodile, etc.
Creative self-expression therapy is one of the most fruitful psychotherapeutic techniques.
Watching each other and adults in the process of creativity, children acquire new movements, which at the same time means acquiring a new degree of inner freedom.
Working with children to develop musical rhythm, we also contribute to the harmonization of the spiritual life of the child. Even K. Stanislavsky pointed out that each human feeling has its own tempo and rhythm, and offered exercises to reproduce the rhythm. For example, such as:
"Okay". This is a well-known and very popular song-game that develops well not only a sense of rhythm, but also voluntary attention and coordination of movements.
Rhythmization of human movements - a calm step, running, imitation of chopping firewood, hammering a nail into the wall.
Rhythmization of animal movements- tap like a sedate cow walks, like a nimble hare runs, a wild horse gallops, a frog jumps, etc.
After doing rhythmic exercises the palms become warm and the children are ready for contact massage. Massage will be more effective if it is carried out to cheerful music. This will cause a strong surge of energy and enthusiasm in children.
Singing with sound reproduction closed mouth also useful from a medical point of view. Here it is important to feel the waves of vibration in the throat and chest. This exercise relieves muscle clamps at the level of the throat and neck, at the base of which is the "vishuddha chakra", in the practice of yogis, it is considered responsible for the emotional state of the body.
Now a little about the so-called formulas of musical self-hypnosis. To put it simply, these are songs, the text of which is composed in the form of suggestion.
These formulas are aimed at awakening in a person resilience in case of failures, the ability to enjoy life, and maintain an optimistic mood. If a child has low self-esteem, if he is not confident in himself and is timid, the formula of musical self-hypnosis “I am good, you are good” will help him. But if a child, for some reason Bad mood, then it's time to learn with him the formula of joy "I'm in good mood or “Oh, how fun I am!”
By the way, lullabies are also formulas of musical self-hypnosis and orient children towards relaxation and calm. Remember the songs that were very popular at the time - “I love you, life” by E. Kolmanovsky, “Let's exclaim, admire each other!” B. Okudzhava, "Holy War" by V. Lebedev-Kumach. They are also formulas for musical self-hypnosis.
All of the above refers to the active version of music therapy, when children actively express themselves in music.
But there is also the simplest, passive form of music therapy, when children are offered only to listen to music. But the kind of music that this moment most suitable for them state of mind which can switch the child from negative to positive emotions. Listening to music discharges accumulated negative emotions.
For example, if a child has a depressed mood, quiet, melodic music is effective. But when excited, melodies with an underlined rhythm have a healing effect on the psyche. In order for the music to have the greatest effect on the child, it must be specially prepared and adjusted for this. This setting is to sit or lie down in a comfortable position, close your eyes, relax and focus on the sounds of music. Essentially, this kind of listening to music is a form of meditation.
The meaning of musical meditations lies in the combination of sounding music, images, a special suggestion formula.
In the process of musical meditation, repressed feelings are released. Even from the practice of yoga exercises, it was recommended to listen to music in such a way as to perceive it not only with the ears, but also, as it were, “inhale the aroma of the sound, feel it in your tongue, feel it with your skin, become a sound yourself, so that the music penetrates from the tips of your toes to the roots. hair". Also, to relieve internal tension and calm children, you need to teach them to mentally “fly” to the music.
According to scientists, the ability to "fly" to the music helps the child to completely get rid of allergies. Why? An allergy is an increased sensitivity of the body to the effects of allergens. And flying to the music, as it were, pulls a person out of this environment, washes it, clears the airways. Even in medicinal collections for the treatment of allergies, dandelion (“flying flower”) is very effective.
Music will always help to reveal the unlimited powers of a person, you just need to try to hear music always and in everything.
Let it be live music raindrops, the solemn song of the ocean, the quiet rustle of grass, the rumble of mighty pines. And let this music of nature merge with the music created by man.
Music accompanies us throughout his life. It is difficult to find such a person who would not like to listen to it - either classical, or modern, or folk. Many of us love to dance, sing, or even just whistle a tune. But do you know about the benefits of music for the body? Certainly not everyone thought about it.
But the pleasant sounds of melodies are used as a method of treatment without drugs. This method is called music therapy, and its use has positive influence on the body, both adults and children.
A bit of history
The fact that music has an effect on the human body was pointed out by the philosophers of the ancient world. Plato, Pythagoras and Aristotle in their writings talked about the healing power that the melody has. They believed that music served to establish harmony and proportional order in the entire universe. It is also able to create the necessary balance in the human body.
Music therapy was also used during the Middle Ages. This method helped in the treatment of diseases that caused epidemics. At that time in Italy, this method was widely used in the treatment of tarantism. This is a serious mental illness, the cause of which was the bite of a tarantula (poisonous spider).
This phenomenon was first attempted to be explained only in the 17th century. And two centuries later, scientists began to conduct extensive studies of this phenomenon. As a result, the fact was established that the twelve sounds included in the octave have a harmonious connection with the 12 systems of the human body. With the directed influence of music or singing on our body, amazing things happen. Organs are brought into a state advanced level vibrations. A similar process allows you to strengthen the immune system, improve metabolism and activate recovery processes. As a result, a person gets rid of ailments and recovers.
Thus, music therapy is considered not only the most interesting, but also a very promising direction. It is used in many countries of the world for recreational and medicinal purposes.
Music and children
Toddlers living in the modern world most their time is spent for computer games and on TV screens. Most often, parents do not mind such activities for their child. Indeed, at this time, silence reigns in the house, and adults can safely go about their business. However, moms and dads should remember that frequent communication with a computer and TV can negatively affect their baby. After all, cartoons often radiate outright aggression, and there are a lot of violence and murders in the plots of films. All this negatively affects the fragile psyche of the child. But it happens that even the relationship between parents is not going well. In this case, the baby gets a real psychological trauma. He becomes insecure and withdrawn. Often these children experience feelings of fear and guilt. They are afraid that no one needs them, and no one is able to protect them. In addition, these children develop bad habits.
All this has a negative impact on the relationship between children. But at a young age, contacts with peers play an extremely important role. It becomes difficult for the child to enter the team because of self-doubt and fear that he will simply not be accepted.
Music therapy for children can help in this case. It is a psychotherapeutic method that allows you to correct emotional states. The use of this therapy leads to the rapid elimination of mental stress.
The great benefit of music therapy for children lies in its ability to eliminate behavioral problems, as well as to survive age-related crises that are associated with the development of the baby.
The harmonizing effect of melodies on mental processes is used in work with preschoolers. In this case, the teacher can use a huge number of methods. Regardless of which one is chosen, music therapy classes for children preschool age pursue only one goal. It consists in the fact that the baby began to realize himself and his existence in the world around him.
The importance of conducting classes
Music therapy for young children is special form work with kids. In this case, the teacher uses various melodies, which can be either records on a tape recorder or a game on musical instruments, singing, listening to discs, etc.
Music therapy in kindergarten is great opportunity activate the child. Thanks to this, he begins to overcome the unfavorable attitudes in his mind, establishes relationships with people around him, which improves his emotional state. In addition, music therapy for preschool children is also necessary for the correction of various emotional deviations, speech and movement disorders. This technique helps to correct deviations in behavior, eliminate communication difficulties, and also cure a variety of psychosomatic and somatic pathologies.
Music therapy also helps in the development of the child. It creates optimal conditions for education in little man taste and aesthetic feelings, helps him discover new abilities.
The use of music therapy for young children contributes to the formation of their norms of behavior and character, and also enriches them with vivid experiences. inner world little person. At the same time, listening to songs and melodies allows us to solve the problem of forming moral qualities personality, aesthetic attitude of the baby to the world around. At the same time, children develop a love for art.
Music therapy programs
Experts note that the combination of traditional means and teaching methods with listening to melodies and songs can significantly increase the level of development of preschoolers. This has also been proven by research. Music therapy for preschool children can be used not only for psychological and pedagogical correction, but also for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The possibilities of this method are wide enough. At the same time, a specific music therapy program for preschool children can be selected by a specialist from an extensive list that is available today.
K. Schwabe, who is one of the founders of this type of treatment, pointed out that there are three directions in the use of melodic sounds:
- functional (prophylactic);
- pedagogical;
- medical.
Musical influences, which are components of these directions, in turn, are:
- indirect and non-mediated, based on the scope of application;
- group and individual, differing in the way of organizing classes;
- active and supportive, with a different range of action;
- directive and non-directive, indicating the type of contact between pupils and the teacher;
- deep and superficial, which characterizes the alleged final contact.
Let's take a closer look at some of these methods.
Individual music therapy
This type of influence can be carried out in three ways:
- Distinctively communicative. With this type of influence, the child listens to a piece of music together with the teacher. In this case, the melody is able to improve the interaction between the adult and his pupil.
- Reactive. Such an effect contributes to purification.
- Regulatory. This type of exposure allows you to eliminate neuropsychic stress in a child.
These forms in the music therapy class in kindergarten can be used separately from each other or in combination.
Group audition
This type of music therapy class in kindergarten should be built in such a way that all participants in the process can freely communicate with each other. Only in this case, the classes will become quite dynamic, because within the group, relationships of a communicative-emotional nature will certainly arise.
Organization creative activity is one of better ways stress relief. This is especially important for those children who cannot speak out. It is much easier for them to engage in creativity, where their fantasies will find expression. The stories are very difficult for them.
Passive music therapy
This is a receptive form of influence, the difference of which is that the child does not take an active part in the lesson. In this process, he is a mere listener.
During classes using a passive form of music therapy in kindergarten, preschoolers are invited to listen to a variety of compositions or listen to sounds selected in accordance with the state of health of the baby and the stage of treatment. Such activities aim to simulate a positive emotional state. All this will allow the child to get out of the traumatic situation through relaxation.
Consider options for conducting passive music therapy classes in work with children.
- Music pictures. In such a lesson, the child perceives the melody together with the teacher. In the process of listening, the teacher helps the child to plunge into the world of images proposed by the work. To do this, the child is asked to focus on musical picture. Within 5-10 minutes, the preschooler should be in the world of sounds. Communication with music will have a beneficial effect on the preschooler. To conduct such classes, the teacher must use instrumental classical works or the sounds of the world of wildlife.
- Musical modeling. In such classes, teachers are encouraged to use a program that includes fragments of works of various nature. Some of them should correspond to the mental state of the preschooler. The action of the second works neutralizes the influence of the previous fragment. The third type of music is necessary for recovery. At this stage, the teacher should select melodies that have the greatest emotional impact, that is, positive dynamics.
- Mini relaxation. Carrying out such music therapy classes in kindergarten helps to activate the muscle tone of the pupils. The child should feel and understand his body well, learning to relax it when tensions arise.
Active music therapy
During classes of this form, the child is offered singing and instrumental playing:
- Vocal therapy. Such music therapy classes are held in kindergarten and at home. Vocal therapy allows you to create an optimistic mood in the baby. And for this, he must sing songs that will bring the inner world of the child into a harmonious state. In their texts, the formula "You are good, I am good" must certainly sound. Vocal therapy is especially recommended for egocentric, inhibited and depressed children. This method is also included in the preparation of a music therapy program for school-age children. With group vocal therapy, all the children present at the lesson are involved in the process. But here the specialist needs to take into account the moment of secrecy in the general mass and the anonymity of feelings. Participation in vocal therapy will allow the child to overcome contact disorders by own feelings to a healthy experience of existing bodily sensations.
- instrumental therapy. This view also allows you to create an optimistic mood. At the same time, children are invited to play a musical instrument.
- Kinesitherapy. The general reactivity of the organism can be changed under the influence of various means and forms of movement. Such a process will destroy the pathological stereotypes that often occur during the period of the disease. At the same time, new attitudes arise in the mind of the child, which allow him to adapt to surrounding reality. In such classes, children are taught the technique of expressing their emotions using body movements. This allows them to achieve relaxation. used this species music therapy in correctional work with children. Such classes contribute to the normalization of psychological and communicative functions. The method of kinesitherapy includes a plot-game process, rhythmoplasty, corrective rhythmics, as well as psycho-gymnastics.
Integrative Music Therapy
In this technique, in addition to listening to melodies, the teacher also uses other types of art. He invites children to play a game to the music, draw, create a pantomime, compose stories or poems, etc.
Active music playing is important in such classes. It increases the child's self-esteem, which helps to overcome ambivalence in behavior. In order for children to perform simple plays, the teacher can give them the most simple tools, such as a drum, xylophone, or triangle. Such activities, as a rule, do not go beyond the search for simple harmonic, rhythmic and melodic forms, representing a kind of improvised game. Children participating in such a process develop dynamic adaptability and are fully prepared for mutual listening. Due to the fact that such classes are one of the forms of group music therapy, during their conduct all participants should actively communicate with each other. This will allow the process to be as dynamic as possible, which will lead to the emergence of a communicative-emotional relationship between children. The most important thing in this case is the child's self-expression through playing a musical instrument suggested to him.
Dance Movement Therapy
This form of study serves as a bridge between the conscious and unconscious world. allows the child to express himself in movements. This will allow him to maintain his own individuality and establish contact with his peers. Such classes are the only type of music therapy that requires significant free space. During the dance, the child's motor behavior expands, which allows him to realize the conflicts of desires and contributes to the living of negative feelings. Such an impact leads to liberation from the negative.
Especially valuable for the health of the child is the combination of dance with singing or improvisation of movements to the sounds of classical melodies. Oscillatory rhythmic movements that are performed to music that has three measures also have therapeutic value.
Treatment of speech disorders
Musical rhythm helps to eliminate some speech therapy problems. Among them is such a disorder of speech function as stuttering. Music therapy for children with speech disorders is carried out in the form of subgroup sessions. At the same time, the specialist offers his wards rhythmic games, breathing exercises and playing a melody at a slowing down, as well as at an accelerating pace.
Use music in the process independent work. At this point, there is no verbal communication. With such music therapy, the exceptions are exercises for children in the form of reading to music. The specialist makes sure that the volume of the sound of the melody is strictly metered. The sounds that children hear should not be too loud, but at the same time too quiet.
The development of correctional programs for music therapy and their further use for the treatment of children with speech defects require joint participation. music teachers and psychologists.
It should be noted that the use of this technique to eliminate speech pathologies is considered to be very effective and promising. This became possible due to the strong influence of music, which it has on the emotional state of a person. During such classes, as practice shows, there is a correction and development of perception sensations, which allows stimulating the speech function and normalizing the prosodic side of speech, that is, timbre and rhythm, as well as the expressiveness of intonation.
For children with speech therapy problems, special programs, in which only those works should be used that all little patients will certainly like. It can be musical pieces familiar to children. The main condition for choosing a work is the factor that it should not distract the child from the main thing, attracting him with its novelty. The duration of listening does not exceed 10 minutes during one lesson.
Autism treatment
The main objective of the music therapy technique for correcting the condition of children with such a mental disorder is to establish auditory-vocal, auditory-motor, and visual-motor coordination, which should subsequently be synthesized in one activity.
The basic principle of conducting classes with children-outs lies in mental ecology. It provides for the presence of soft music at the beginning and at the end of classes. During the period of work, the specialist must carefully monitor changes in the emotional state of each small patient, adjusting, if necessary, the intensity of therapy. In addition, classes are built on the principle of passing from simple material to the complex. Their structure includes:
- greeting ritual.
- Regulatory exercises that promote the activation of motor, auditory and visual attention.
- Correctional and developmental exercises.
- Farewell ritual.
Music therapy for children with autism is a highly effective remedy for many problems.
Music therapy as a means of improving the health of preschool children
“A light melody is the best comforter for
excited fantasy and medicine for the brain."
W. Shakespeare
Childhood is unique period in a person's life, in the process of which health is formed and personality development is carried out. From childhood, the child takes out what is stored later throughout his life. At the beginning of the journey, next to each baby are the most important people in his life - his parents. Thanks to their love, care, emotional intimacy, the child grows and develops, he develops a sense of trust in the world and the adults around him.
In recent years, there has been an active reform of the system preschool education: the network of alternative institutions is growing, new programs of preschool education are emerging, original methods are being developed. Against the background of these progressive changes, the development of the emotional sphere of the child is not always given sufficient attention.
Working in the education system, the teacher notices a sharp increase in children with various forms of behavioral disorders, with various deviations in the psyche. Simply put, the number of unhealthy children, children with psycho-emotional disorders is increasing every year. Closing themselves on TVs, computers, children began to communicate less with adults and peers, and yet communication greatly enriches the sensual sphere.
Modern children have become less responsive to the feelings of others. In kindergartens, there are more and more children with pronounced hyperactivity, children with psychosomatic diseases. Any inappropriate behavior: laziness, negativism, aggression, isolation - all this is a defense against dislike. A child is able to successfully develop, maintain health only in conditions of psychological comfort, emotional well-being.
The most important task of the musical education of young children is the formation of the leading component of musicality - the development of emotional responsiveness to music. On vivid musical impressions, images, I build the development of activity in children's musical performance and children's creativity. Young children do not speak very well, their actions are limited, but they are able to express emotions. This is where music comes in handy. Its strength lies in the fact that it conveys the change of moods, experiences - the dynamics of the emotional and mental states of a person. Children do not need to explain for a long time what a person feels when he is sad; it is enough just to play a sad melody, and the kids begin to understand the state of sadness from the first measures. Music helps them master the world of human feelings, emotions, experiences. Music is a source of special children's joy. IN early age the child discovers the beauty of music, its magic power, and in different musical activity reveals himself, his creative potential. Early communication with music, classes in the main types of musical activities contribute to the full mental, physical and personal development of the baby. It has been established that music influences many spheres of human life through three main factors: vibrational, physiological and mental. Sound vibrations are stimulating metabolic processes in the body at the cell level. These vibrations are able to change various functions of the body (respiratory, motor, cardiovascular). Thanks to the associative connections that arise in the process of perception and performance of music, the mental state of the child also changes. Exactly at younger age when the child's psyche is very flexible and plastic, the psychological component of the work music director most efficient. Analyzing the basics of psycho-correctional work with children, many scientists note that at preschool age one of the most effective methods is m uzikoterapiya.
Music therapy- a method that uses music as a means of normalizing the emotional state, eliminating fears, movement and speech disorders, and behavioral deviations.
Music therapy is based on the selection of the necessary melodies and sounds, with which you can have a positive effect on the human body. This contributes to the overall improvement, improvement of well-being, raising the mood, increasing efficiency.
This method makes it possible to use music as a means of harmonizing the state of the child: relieving tension, fatigue, increasing emotional tone, correcting deviations in personal development the child and his psycho-emotional state, and can also relieve mental fatigue in a matter of minutes, invigorate, liberate, improve mood, concentrate attention. In preschool age, emotions play perhaps the most important role in personality development.
Music therapy classes are built according to a certain scheme:
1. Warm up. Motor and rhythmic exercises.
2. The main part. Various types of musical activities: singing, listening, musical and rhythmic movements, playing musical instruments and necessarily elements of theatrical.
3. Musical relaxation. Autotraining.
Music therapy focuses the teacher on cooperation with the child, on integration various kinds artistic activity.
Therefore, music therapyas a methodIt is recommended to use not only on musical, but also on physical education classes, on morning exercises, invigorating gymnastics after daytime sleep, at leisure evenings, in speech development classes, visual activity, in daily activities, independent games, etc. THOSE.music accompanies children and adults during the day in the group.
Thus, each teacher can use the exercises in combination with other games and exercises, “construct” the necessary form of classes from separate compositions.
All elements of music therapy exercises make it possible to use them not only as a means of developing the musical and motor abilities of children in rhythm classes, but also as game training mental processes: attention, memory, will, creative imagination and fantasies, as well as a means of relaxation, switching attention or increasing psychophysical tone, etc., in the most various forms organization of the pedagogical process in kindergarten.
For example, in classes with a high mental load and low mobility, you should usedance compositions as a physical activity. The use of compositions based on fast, cheerful music allows you to cheer up children, activate their attention.
The use of music solves health-improving and preventive tasks, contributes to the creation of comfortable conditions for the child's stay in kindergarten:
morning time slot: during the reception of children, major classical music is offered, a sunny song with good text that will relieve the psychological stress created by the need to part with the mother;
daytime sleep: the beneficial influence of melodic classical and modern relaxing music filled with the sounds of nature (the rustle of leaves, the voices of birds, the chirping of insects, the sound of sea waves and the cry of dolphins, the murmur of a stream). Such music relaxes, relieves emotional and physical stress;
waking up after nap: quiet, gentle, light, joyful music (a short piece or piece of music is used for one month so that the child develops a wake-up reflex to a familiar melody) helps babies move from a state of complete rest to vigorous activity. Gymnastics is accompanied by music.
With the help of music therapy, you can simulate emotions, help balance the psycho-emotional state and behavior of the child. Music therapy classes give a rich experience of communication, fill life with joyful and vivid impressions.
Music therapy in kindergarten.
"The use of music in the correction of the psycho-emotional sphere of the child."
Music surrounds us always and everywhere. We love to listen to it (some classical, some folk, some modern), sing, dance, sometimes even just whistle. But, probably, few of us think about its benefits. But since ancient times it has been known that music has a mental and physical effect on any organism.
The luminaries of ancient civilization Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato drew the attention of contemporaries to healing power the influence of music, which, in their opinion, establishes a proportional order and harmony in the entire universe, including the disturbed harmony in the human body.
“Music enhances any joy, calms any sadness, banishes diseases, alleviates any pain, and therefore the Sages of Antiquity worshiped the Single Power of the Soul, Melody and Song.” In the Middle Ages, the method of music therapy was used to treat an epidemic of disease - the so-called dance of St. Vitus. At the same time in Italy, treatment with music of Tarentism (a severe mental illness caused by the bite of a poisonous spider - tarantula) became widespread.
The first attempts at a scientific explanation of this phenomenon date back to the 17th century, and extensive experimental studies - to the 19th century. Great importance music in the system of treatment of mental patients was given to S.S. Korsakov, V.M. Bekhterev and other famous Russian scientists.
Music therapy is a psychotherapeutic method that uses music as a remedy, as well as a controlled use of music in the correction of the child's psycho-emotional sphere. The direct healing effect of music on neuro-psychic the sphere of children occurs with its passive or active perception.
Music therapy allows you to solve a number of problems: to overcome the psychological defense of the child - to calm down or, conversely, to set up, activate, interest, establish contact between an adult and a child, helps to develop the communicative and creative abilities of the child, to engage him in an exciting business - musical games, singing, dancing, moving to music, improvising on musical instruments.
At preschool age, the activating effect of music is achieved by the musical arrangement of various games, special remedial classes with children. Music therapy is carried out in the form of subgroup sessions with rhythm games, breathing exercises, reproduction given rhythm with a gradual slowdown. The volume of music should be strictly metered.
Music affects the breath.The unhurried pace of a piece of music slows down breathing, makes it deeper. The fast and rhythmic pulsation of the dance subordinates the breath to its pace, forcing us to breathe faster. The same with the heartbeat: slower and quieter - the calmer the rhythm of heart contractions.
Music also relieves muscle tension and improves body mobility and coordination.Through the autonomic nervous system, auditory nerves connect the inner ear to the muscles of the body. Therefore, strength, flexibility and muscle tone depend on sound and vibrations.
Every child has a favorite music that acts on his soul most effectively. It is surrounded by a huge number of different genres, styles, trends. How to deal with this abundance musical material, select the most useful for the child's body?
Scientists have found that our brain is biologically receptive to certain music. They believe that listening to music in the first 3 years of a person's life helps the brain form an idea of the world around us. The brain adapts easily in the early years, so it is necessary to expand the musical repertoire.
Children's songs: - "Antoshka" (Y. Entin, V. Shainsky)
- “Bu-ra-ti-no” (Y. Entin, A. Rybnikov)
- “Be kind” (A. Sanin, A. Flyarkovsky)
- "Merry Travelers" (S. Mikhalkov, M. Starokadomsky)
- “We divide everything in half” (M. Plyatskovsky, V. Shainsky)
- “Where Wizards Live” “Long Live Surprise” (from the movie “Dunno from Our Yard” by Y. Entin, M. Minkov)
- “If you are kind” (from the m / f “The Adventures of Leopold the Cat” M. Plyatskovsky, B. Savelyev) - “Bells”, “ Winged swing"(from the film "Adventures of Electronics", Y. Entin, G. Gladkov)
- “A true friend” (from the film “Timka and Dimka”, M. Plyatskovsky, B. Savelyev)
- "Song Bremen Town Musicians» (Y. Entin, G. Gladkov)
- “Beautiful is far away” (from the movie “Guest from the Future” Y. Entin, E. Krylatov)
- "Dance of the little ducklings" (French folk song) .
One of the options for using the potential of musical art is background music that sounds like a “second plan”, without setting a conscious perception in the classroom. The use of background music is one of the available and effective methods of psychological and pedagogical influence on a child in educational institution and helps to solve many problems of the educational process. What?
1. Creating a favorable emotional background, eliminating nervous tension and maintaining the health of children.
2. Development of imagination in the process of creative activity, increased activity.
3. Activation of mental activity, improving the quality of knowledge assimilation.
4. Switching attention during the study of labor educational material, prevention of fatigue, fatigue.
5. Psychological and physical relaxation after study load, during psychological pauses, physical training minutes.
Using music in classes for the development of speech, mathematical development, manual labor, design, drawing, the teacher should focus on the possibilities of active and passive perception of it by children.
With active perception, the teacher deliberately draws the attention of children to the sound of music, its figurative and emotional content, means of expression.
With passive perception, music acts as a background to the main activity. So, in the lesson on the formation mathematical representations in order to enhance intellectual activity, increase concentration, concentration of attention, sounding music is background.
In kindergarten, children need music throughout the day. This does not mean that it should sound continuously and loudly. Music should be listened to by children in doses, depending on the time of day, type of activity, even the mood of the children. It’s good if the children in the group are met in the morning by a friendly teacher who prudently turns on sunny major classical music, good songs with good text. In this case, music will act as a therapeutic tool, correcting the psychophysical state of children. After all, every day a child is inflicted, albeit imperceptibly, but a trauma - a situation of separation from home and parents. Kindergarten is their second home. And music in this regard provides an invaluable service.
Music therapy includes:listening to music, singing songs, rhythmic movements to music, musical breaks in the classroom, a combination of music and visual activities, playing children's musical instruments, musical exercises and others. Recommendations for the use of music therapy in correctional work with children:
1) you can use for listening only the work that absolutely all children like;
2) it is better to listen to musical pieces that are familiar to children;
3) the duration of listening should be no more than 10 minutes during the entire lesson.
To relax, relieve emotional and physical stress, for a pleasant immersion in daytime sleep, you need to use beneficial influence melodic classical and modern relaxing music filled with the sounds of nature (the rustling of leaves, the voices of birds, the chirping of insects, the sound of sea waves and the cry of dolphins, the murmur of a stream). Children on a subconscious level calm down, relax;
Music for relaxation:- Albioni T. "Adagio"
Beethoven L. "Moonlight Sonata"
Gluck K. "Melody"
Grieg E. Solveig's Song
Debussy K. "Moonlight"
Rimsky-Korsakov N. "Sea"
Saint-Saens K. "Swan"
Tchaikovsky P.I. " autumn song”,“ Sentimental waltz ”
Chopin F. "Nocturne in G minor"
Schubert F. "Ave Maria", "Serenade"
The healing effect of music on a person was noticed many centuries ago. The ancient Greek healer Hippocrates used music to treat insomnia as well as epilepsy. In the modern world, in psychotherapy, music therapy methods are widely used for the prevention and treatment of certain types of diseases.
Based on years of research and observation, in 2003 music therapy was recognized by the Ministry of Health as official medicine. Music from birth accompanies any person everywhere. Music can make you cry or cheer you up, cause fatigue, loss of strength, headache, or, on the contrary, give vigor and confidence.
Children are fragile creatures, whose unstable psyche is most susceptible to external factors. Problems in the family, discord among parents, fear of communication, anxiety, fears, a huge layer of information that the baby constantly receives - all this has a negative impact on the psycho-emotional state of the baby.
Parents often do not have time to educate the younger generation. If the mother is still working on the upbringing and development of the crumbs up to 2-3 years, then usually after 3 years the grandmother is engaged in the crumbs or the baby remains on long time given to himself.
To occupy the attention of a child, adults often provide uncontrolled access to television, as well as to a computer. The little man watches horror films, plays "shooters". His psyche has not yet fully adapted to reality. adulthood, That's why aggressive behavior heroes of films, the baby projects onto himself and begins to behave aggressively.
Increased agitation, aggressiveness, irritability - all this interferes with the harmonious, creative development of a preschooler. Music therapy for children can be used to correct the psycho-emotional state of preschool children.
Currently, the methods of music therapy are actively used in preschool children's institutions. Parents can also use the positive effects of music at home. In order for the music to heal, and not cause additional harm to the baby, it is necessary to consult a psychologist, together choose music for the child and for adult family members.
The concept of music therapy, its types
Music therapy is the purposeful use of music in all its manifestations and in any form for the prevention, treatment, psychological correction of a person's psycho-emotional state. Music recorded on a player or disk is used, as well as live music: singing, playing musical instruments.
Music therapy for preschoolers uses two main forms: passive, sometimes called receptive, and active form. In active therapy with music, children take an active, direct part, through the use of various musical instruments or by singing.
Receptive music therapy for children is the process of perceiving music from various media. Music therapy can and should be used not only for the treatment and psycho-correction of the personality, but also for the formation of moral, aesthetic norms of behavior for preschool children.
Study, perception of music as cultural heritage humanity instills a love of music, thereby enriching the inner world of the child. Music therapy as a method of influencing the psyche of a child uses music in the following areas:
- medical, medical;
- pedagogical, educational;
- a preventive direction that prevents the occurrence of stressful psycho-emotional diseases.
Music therapy is divided into the following types, depending on the very form and strength of musical influence:
- according to the result achieved, according to the depth of impact - deep or superficial;
- on the organization of the process - individual or group;
- on interaction with a specialist - directive, that is, directive or not directive, subordinating;
Music therapy in kindergarten is also used as an auxiliary, additional method for color therapy, fairy tale therapy and play psychotherapy for kids. Only by using all types of sparing therapy in a complex way, it is possible to carry out various types of psycho-correction of preschool children more optimally, with better results.
Carrying out music therapy
Music therapy sessions are held individually or in a group, depending on the psycho-emotional state of the preschooler. Working individually with the baby, the specialist achieves a more complete contact, can more accurately determine the problem of the crumbs, develop a specific therapy program for the little man.
With passive listening to carefully selected music, the crumbs reduce emotional tension, reduce aggressiveness. A positive emotional state is restored in a preschooler, the feeling of anxiety is reduced. Using psychology as constituent part music therapy, the specialist corrects the child's problems.
With a closed, shy preschooler, for the development of communication, they are first individual sessions. The teacher, together with the baby, is engaged in music: playing musical instruments or learning songs. As communication develops in closed, quiet children, babies need to be transferred to group classes.
The basis of any group activities is the active communication of children with peers, the formation of emotional communication, the further development of children's communication skills. The process of music therapy group should proceed in a dynamic, active form.
Together with music, it is necessary to use all the expressiveness of other types of art. The creative component of therapy activates all the senses of the crumbs, the perception systems of the preschooler work more vividly. Children can prove themselves, show their abilities, thereby forming self-confidence.
In order to integrate music therapy with other art forms, the teacher uses the following methods in his work:
- drawing, modeling from special dough or plasticine to music;
- mobile, active games using music;
- pantomime;
- writing stories, fairy tales by preschool children after listening to music, depicting their mood with the help of paints or dance;
- plastic dramatization with the use of music, color therapy;
- choral or solo singing.
Dance is one form social contact. Using dance improvisations, studying classical dances, the teacher allows fidgets to express themselves more fully, get rid of negative emotions and feelings. The main thing in any dance is rhythmic movements. Preschool children often have problems with coordination of movements, which causes tightness and stiffness in crumbs.
Dancing to music helps to harmonize the emotional sphere of preschool children. Free, uninhibited, smooth movements, the ability to convey music with the plasticity of the body helps to manifest emotional looseness. It is often easier for a child to express his feelings with movement than with words.
The child hears music throughout the day. The tasks of parents, educators, and teachers are to use music in a dosed manner, taking into account the mood of the children, the time of day, and the physical condition of preschoolers. So for a quick awakening in the morning, to create a cheerful, positive mood to music with a major mood or use a cheerful children's song.
In order for the kids to calm down faster, plunge into daytime sleep, they use classical melodic music. Often, before going to bed, children are given to listen to the recorded sounds of nature: the rustle of leaves, the sound of rain, the singing of birds. Little fidgets calm down, relax. Children are relieved of emotional as well as physical stress.
Music therapy can be carried out at home, while it is necessary to follow the rules for conducting such therapy, tested and accepted by specialists. In children's institutions, the emphasis is mainly on group therapy, with the aim of developing the communication skills of the crumbs, involving him in communication, and inclusion in society.
- The room for passive therapy should be specially equipped. There should be no bright toys, objects, switched on phones that distract the attention of the guys. Lighting - artificial, so that the baby better perceives therapeutic effect session.
- Corrective sessions are not carried out on an empty stomach, or immediately after a meal. It is necessary to wait about 2 hours after feeding the crumbs to start the session.
- The psychologist sets the duration of the session, the number of sessions per week, depending on the degree of necessary adjustment of the psycho-emotional state of the crumbs. Parents conducting such sessions at home should follow all the recommendations of a specialist.
- Before the start of the lesson, the baby should relax, tune in to positive tone. The kid should take a free comfortable position for him. Armchairs, couches or just pillows on the floor - the baby should be comfortable during class.
- Do not turn on listening to a piece of music at full volume. This will only tire the fidget, cause rejection to therapy. Listening to music should take place in a quiet tone. It is useful for hyperactive, aggressive children to listen to calm melodies during sleep.
- After the end of the session, do not immediately force the child to run. The baby needs to rest. After all, music therapy is healing.
Music therapy is a treatment for children, so it should be taken seriously. Be sure to consult a psychologist, follow his recommendations. Only the joint activities of parents, educators, psychologists can help the baby correct problems in the psycho-emotional sphere.
Treatment sessions should be approached responsibly. It is not recommended to use the first melodies that come across, even if they are currently popular, constantly heard on the radio. Classical music has the best effect.
Experts recommend using relaxing music with the sounds of nature, classical music, as well as peppy children's songs for therapy. Of the entire range of recommended melodies, Mozart's works stand out in a special way. Mozart created more than just great classical works. All his works are special.
All the works of the great composer have a therapeutic, curative effect. Neuroscientists have been studying the works of the composer for decades, it has been scientifically proven that Mozart's musical compositions mobilize the capabilities of the human brain, facilitate its work, and increase the intellectual capabilities of the individual.
Scientists say that Mozart's works are useful for everyone: babies, pregnant women, sick children, students and adults. Listening to the works of the composer removes negative emotions, raises vitality. Students improve their memorization of the subject.
The effect of such an impact is due to the fact that in the works famous composer an interval is used that completely coincides with the nature of the biocurrents of the brain.
Music therapy exercises
Any exercises of this type of therapy are based on the use of two components: the perception of music in motion and control over breathing. It is these components that help mainly reduce emotional as well as physical tension in children.
The therapeutic exercise consists of the following phases:
- diagnostics of the psycho-emotional state of the crumbs, establishing contact with the child;
- selection of melodies that take into account the tasks of correction and the emotional state of the fidget;
- removal of emotional stress with the help of a dynamic, major melody;
- getting a crumb of a positive charge of emotions through relaxing melodies.
Pantomimes, games that reveal the mood of children while listening to melodies. Drawings showing what associations songs, musical works evoke. All classes should take place in a natural form, during the game, so that preschoolers are more open, receptive to therapy.
