Evening of the Russian romance "Beautiful suffering
»
Lecture-concert
When the old chant sounds,
He seems to be calling us
Follow him on a long road
Where romance meets us.
He torments and enchants
Make you believe and love
Where the heart yearns again
And don't forget the wonderful evening.
Then violently and passionately
He will reach such heights
Where much will be subject,
And you can't be alone...
In the gypsy camp, after them
And behind the nomadic kibitka,
Sing their romances remote,
And merge in a dance of fire!
Natalya Isaeva Goretskaya
Good evening, Dear guests! We are glad to welcome you to the evening dedicated to Russian romance.
How often in concerts, on television, in home music-making, we hear vocal works that are distinguished by exceptional expressiveness, vivid melody, figurative poetic word, a rare fusion of poetic and musical ideas. These works are often short in volume, their voice is not loud and is addressed not to the mass audience of listeners, but to each of those sitting in the hall, so simply and sincerely they tell about the most secret feelings, experiences, deep thoughts.
These works are called romances.
Romance is a name that originated from the Spanish word "romance", which means "Romance", that is, performed in "Romance" (Spanish) language. This name appeared when the so-called "secular" songs became widespread in Spain. Unlike church chants, which in Catholic countries were always sung in Latin, "secular" songs were sung in Spanish. Romances, pieces for voice with instrumental accompaniment, spread from Spain throughout Europe. In the 18th century, the romance genre also appeared in Russian music, becoming one of the remarkable pages of Russian music. musical art. Currently, the term "romance" refers to various forms of chamber vocal music, including such varieties as ballad, elegy, barcarolle, serenade, song-romance, romances in dance rhythms, monologues, vocal fantasies.
There are also romances without words. They are sung by an instrument - a violin, a piano, or a cello - as if imitating human voice. Tchaikovsky, Glazunov, Rachmaninov, Gliere and other composers have such instrumental romances.
Many composers have turned to the romance genre and are turning to it. No matter how large-scale the composer's work developed, in his plans, as a rule, there was always a place for a romance. We all know the operas by M. I. Glinka "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan and Lyudmila", which are an example of Russian classical music. But no less famous are the composer's romances: "Do not tempt me without need" on
verses by E. Baratynsky, “The fire of desire burns in the blood” to the verses of A. Pushkin, the song-romance “The Lark” to the words of N. Kukolnik. In total, M. Glinka created about 80 vocal works that sound, live, delight even today, although more than a hundred years have passed since they were written.
"The Lark" is a soulful, thoughtful song with an easily flowing and smooth melody, natural and simple, tinged with light sadness.
The romance "The Lark" sounds.
In 1825 M.I. Glinka writes his famous romance, captivated by the beauty and charm of the daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern-Ekaterina. And if A. Pushkin dedicated his inspired poem to his mother, then M. Glinka in music no less brilliantly expressed his feelings addressed to his daughter.
Romance "I remember wonderful moment"- the pearl of Russian vocal lyrics. The melody of the romance is deeply impressive with its smoothness and gentle grace.
The romance "I remember a wonderful moment" sounds.
Composer A. Dargomyzhsky wrote one Romance to the verses of A. S. Pushkin and today it sounds in concerts, delighting with the perfect fusion of poetry and music, remaining understandable to people of our century, because the images of many romances are eternal.
The song "I loved you" sounds.
classical works of this genre were created by composers of the 19th century. At the same time, everyday Russian romance arose and became widespread, among the creators of which there were their own remarkable talents. Representatives of this branch were A. Varlamov, A. Gurilev, P. Bulakhov, who created romances in Russian folk style, on the words of folk poets and on own words.
Why, tell me
My favorite sickle
You turned black all over -
What is my braid?
Are you splashed
In boredom-sorrow
By dear friend
A girl's tear?
This one of the most famous everyday romances of the 19th century belongs to the composer A. Gurilev (1803-1858). The serf musician of Count Orlov, he received his freedom only at the age of 28.
The song "Sadness of a Girl" sounds.
In terms of the simplicity of the musical language and the clarity of the accompaniment, everyday romance is available for both professionals and amateurs to perform. It sensitively reflects the tastes and views of the environment in which it arises, responds faster and more directly to everything new and bright in poetry. Everyday Russian romance brought its colors, often sincere, cordial, full of sincere feelings, into the diverse Russian vocal creativity. Isn't the melody of A. Varlamov's romance "Red Sundress" beautiful?
The romance "Red Sundress" sounds.
A. Varlamov's romance "Don't wake her up at dawn" recreates the rhythm of a light, slow waltz, simple in melody, has a couplet structure.
The romance "At dawn, you don't wake her" sounds.
Everyday romance is also a documentary story. Listening to these works, we learn a lot about the life, interests, thoughts and hopes of the people of that generation.
Among the masters of everyday romance, Pyotr Petrovich Bulakhov (1822-1885) stood out. Many are familiar with his romance "Burn, burn my star." All his life, this talented composer, weighed down by acute need and illness, struggled to establish his art. At the end of his life, out of mercy, the Sheremetevs sheltered him in their count's estate Kuskovo, where he died.
Many years have passed since then, but Bulakhov's melodies, his wonderful songs and romances still live, helping people to endure adversity, find solace, and warm themselves with joy.
The romance "Burn, burn my star" sounds.
The names of Alyabyev, Varlamov, Gurilev, Bulakhov and other composers who created bright patterns Russian everyday romance of the 19th century, live in the history of Russian music. But their creativity is only one facet. Higher art form Russian romance is classical. And among its creators are such masters of Russian musical art, who created the basis of national music, as M. Glinka, A. Dargomyzhsky, A. Borodin, M. Mussorgsky, M. Balakirev, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, P. Tchaikovsky, S. Rachmaninov and other.
At the beginning of the 20th century, composers appeared who combined the intonations of Russian songwriting with the intonations and rhythms of the gypsy song, forming another offshoot of the Russian romance with an openly sensual sphere of emotions, with sharply dynamic rhythms, and a tart harmonic structure. The openness and confidence of such romances won them popularity among the wide, musically unprepared masses of listeners, as well as the denial of such vocal production among subtle zealots of the romance genre. Of course, one cannot imagine the romance of M.I. Glinka "I remember a wonderful moment" and "Chrysanthemums" by the composer of the early 20th century Nikolai Kharito. They belong to the extreme poles of artistic creativity. However, it is also impossible to deny the existence and known popularity of such romances as "Chrysanthemums" and "I remember the lovely sound of a waltz" by N. Listov, which are often heard in concerts, is also impossible. Sincere feeling, warmth of the melody, unobtrusive images, ease of perception - all this attracted listeners in these romances.
The romances “I remember the lovely sound of a waltz” and “Chrysanthemums” sound.
Among the romances of the 30s, created on the verses of A. S. Pushkin, a cycle of six works by a young, then still few famous Yuri Sviridov, so in those years the now world-famous composer Georgy Vasilievich Sviridov signed. The twenty-year-old composer created a vocal cycle that brought success and recognition to the author. Romances “The forest drops its crimson dress”, “ Winter road”,“ To the nanny ”,“ Winter evening”,“ Premonition ”,“ Approaching Izhora ”(to poems by A. Pushkin) are still heard today. The romance "Winter Evening" is addressed to the image of the poet's nanny, Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva, to whom A.S. Pushkin treated with special warmth. The music paints a picture of bad weather, which is interpreted much broader than just winter bad weather, revealing the grief and sadness of the poet during Mikhailov's exile. This is clearly indicated by the composer in the musical images of the romance, where, however, there is a place for bright childhood memories.
The romance "Winter Evening" sounds.
In the 50s of the XX century, interest in the work of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin flared up. This revived the musical interest in his poetry, the composers again turned to his poetic works. New works of vocal genres have appeared. Of these, popular songs-romances“You are my fallen maple”, where it is possible to convey the lyrical intonation of Yesenin's poetry, its confession. And the song-romance "Above the Window of the Moon" by composer Evgeny Popov, where in a soft, unhurried melody, reminiscent of the images of old Russian waltzes, true beauty Yesenin's poetry, glorifying Russia.
The song-romance "Above the window is a month" sounds.
Speaking about the works of Yesenin, I mentioned the term "song-romance". What is the peculiarity of such a genre variety?
A song-romance is a genre that is close to a song in the alternation of couplets with the same melody, and to a romance - in a more refined interpretation of poetic images, in the proximity of the musical language to professional music, in the obligatory musical accompaniment. Usually romance songs are not close to classical forms romance, but to household ones.
Many contemporary composers with great interest develop romance intonation in their works. In this regard, the work of A. Rybnikov “I will never forget you” is typical - a romance song from the music for the play “Juno and Avos”, as well as the song “And in the end I will say” from the movie “ Cruel romance» Andrey Petrov.
The romance “I will never forget you” and the song “And in the end I will say” sound.
listening the best works Russian romance, people experience the joy of communicating with truly high art.
Our evening has come to an end. Thank you for your attention. See you soon!
modern romance
performed by Oksana Popova
Event scenario « Evening of Russian romance »
How often in concerts, on radio, television, we hear vocal works that are distinguished by exceptional expressiveness: bright melody, figurative poetic word, a rare fusion of poetic and musical ideas. These works are often short in volume, their voice is not loud and is addressed not to the mass audience of listeners, but to everyone sitting in the hall, so simply and sincerely they tell about the most seemingly innermost feelings, experiences, deep thoughts. These works are called romances.
The birthplace of the romance is Spain. There, in the 12-14 centuries, a new song fever was born in the work of itinerant musicians, poets, and singers. He combined the techniques of recitative, melodic tunes and mimic dance. Singers - troubadours sang songs in their native Romance language. Hence the name "romance" was born, which determined not only special genre poetic work, performance traditions, but also a characteristic type of melody of a vocal play, performed accompanied by a musical instrument.
In the 18th century, the romance genre also appeared in Russian music, becoming one of the remarkable pages of Russian musical art. Many roots intertwined in the pedigree of Russian romance: the beauty and melodiousness of Russian lingering songs, the harmony and harmony of Peter's cants, the depth of Russian choral music, the imagery and brightness of Russian speech. From the Spanish origin in the Russian romance remained the name and images and rhythms of Spain in some author's works. Along with the development of Russian poetry and Russian music, the Russian romance was also improved, reaching heights in the work of A.S. Pushkin and M.I. Glinka.
/ A romance sounds: “I remember a wonderful moment” /
This is M.I. Glinka in 1825 writing his famous romance, captivated by the beauty and charm of Anna Petrovna Kern's daughter - Catherine. And if A.S. Pushkin dedicated his poem to his mother, then Glinka in music no less brilliantly expressed his feelings addressed to his daughter. Only this one romance reminded us of a historically confirmed poetic page in the biographies of two great people - a poet and a composer. And how many beautiful moments the romances of the past and present captured, inspired by an impulse, an explosion of feelings, a burst of inspiration! It doesn't matter how many years have passed since then!
For example, the composer A.S. Dargomyzhsky wrote one of his best romances “I Loved You” to the verses of A.S. Pushkin, and that was almost 150 years ago. This romance still sounds in concerts today, delighting with the perfect fusion of poetry and music, remaining understandable to people of our time.
/ the romance “I loved you” sounds /
In the 19th century, everyday Russian romance became widespread, among the creators of which there were their own wonderful talents. The works of this branch of the genre are sounded and performed with great success even today.
Why, tell me, my beloved sickle,
You turned black all over -
What is my braid?
Are you splashed
In the boredom of sorrow
By dear friend
A girl's tear?
This one of the most famous everyday romances of the 19th century belongs to the composer A. L. Gurilev (1803-1858). The serf musician of Count Orlov, he received a "free" only at the age of 28. Many of Gurilev's works were written to the verses of A. V. Koltsov. “At the Dawn of a Misty Youth”, “A Gray-winged Swallow Curls”, “Don’t Make Noise, Rye”, etc.
A bright trace in the Russian romance was left by the original work of A. V. Koltsov. Many composers - Gurilev, Varlamov, Dargomyzhsky, Balakirev - turned to the poems of the people's poet. And this was created over 700 works on his poems. Such a poem of his as "The Nightingale" was put into verse 10 times. One can also recall M. A. Balakirev's romance "Clip, Kiss", also written to the verses of Koltsov.
Hug, kiss. Snuggle up, caress.
Once again, hurry up, kiss hot.
About the romances of P.I. Tchaikovsky, Academician Asafiev said: “In the monstrous conditions of Russian reality, especially provincial ... among people suffering from petty and vulgar life, needed music, direct and sincere feeling, which would make it possible to "take the soul away." Tchaikovsky's music came at the right time and opened up the full possibility of this kind of intense emotional communication." Tchaikovsky's romances are small human dramas told with genuine inspiration and passionate feeling.
Forget so soon, my God
All the happiness of life lived!
All our meetings, conversations,
Forget so soon
Forget so soon!
The music of the romance was written to the verses of Alexei Apukhtin in 1870 after the personal drama suffered by P.I. Tchaikovsky - the collapse of cordial relations with the famous French singer Desiree Artaud.
Everyday Russian romance brought its colors, often sincere, cordial, full of sincere feelings, into the diverse Russian vocal art. Isn't Alexander Egorovich Varlamov's romance "Red Sundress", created in the 1800s to the words of N. Tsyganov, not beautiful:
Do not sew me, mother, a red sundress.
Do not enter, dear, in vain into a flaw ...
Everyday romance is also a documentary story. Listening to these works, we learn a lot about the life, interests, thoughts and hopes of the people of that generation. Among the masters of everyday romance, Pyotr Petrovich Bulakhov (1822-1885) stood out. Many of you, yes, probably everyone, are familiar with the romance “Burn, burn, my star”
/ a romance sounds: “Burn, burn, my star” /
All his life, this talented composer, weighed down by acute need and illness, struggled to establish his art. At the end of his life, out of mercy, the Sheremetyevs sheltered him in their count's estate "Kuskovo", where he died. Many years have passed since then, but Bulakhov's melodies and his wonderful romances still live on.
We suggest you continue the name of the romance ...
I…. (loved you)
I met you)
Burn…….(my star)
Spring .... (water)
Turns white.... (sail lonely)
Monotonously .... (the bell rings)
I go out alone on the road)
Woman ... .. (whom I love)
Hug ... (kiss)
White…. (acacia)
Winter evening)
Morning ... .. (foggy)
Faded…….(chrysanthemums)
Dark cherry ……………(shawl)
Not renounce loving)
Don't make noise………………(you, rye)
I remember………………… (the sound of the waltz is lovely)
Don’t sing……….(beauty with me)
I will never forget you)
Only once……………. (there are meetings in life)
A new surge of creative interest in the romance genre was caused by a spiritual response to the untimely death of one of the lyrical poets of Russia - Sergei Yesenin (1895-1925). The news shocked many. It turned out that Yesenin is a favorite folk poet, and this untimely death of him at the age of 30 aroused a wave of unprecedented interest in his life and work. Composers especially actively turned to the poet's poems, creating short term many interesting essays, incl. and romances. Here is one of Aleksandrov's romances to poems by Sergei Yesenin.
/ the romance “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” sounds /
Composer Yevgeny Popov, in his soft unhurried melody, revealed the true beauty of Yesenin's poetry, glorifying Russia.
/ the romance “Above the window is a month” sounds /
This is new musical genre- a romance song, close to a song in terms of alternating verses with the same melody, and to a romance - in terms of a more refined interpretation of poetic images, in the proximity of the musical language to professional music, in the obligatory nature of musical accompaniment. The monologue of the hero of the film "Merry Fellows" Kostya Potekhin (performed by Leonid Utyosov), created by Dunayevsky in the dance rhythms of the 30s, can also be called a romance song.
/ the song-romance “How many good girls” sounds /
In the 30s, the composer Myaskovsky wrote 12 romances to the verses of M.Yu. Lermontov. Among them, the most famous were: "Cossack lullaby" (Sleep baby, my beautiful, bayushki-bayu), "I go out alone on the road."
During the years of the Great Patriotic War, many musicians, leaving peaceful activities, went to fight the enemy with weapons in their hands, and many took up their creative “weapon”, participating in the nationwide struggle with passionate and invocative music. This is how romances-ballads appeared, with a harsh invocative sound. In this manner, the "Holy War" was written by the composer A.V. Aleksandrov to the words of Lebedev-Kumach. During the war years, such songs-romances as " Dark night”,“ Wait for me ”,“ Nightingales ”.
The need for spiritual music has always been inherent in the Russian people. In the 1950s-1960s, the works of G.V. Sviridov to poems by Yesenin, Blok, Mayakovsky. The first performer of many of the composer's new works was Elena Vasilievna Obraztsova. The heroes of many of Sviridov's romances were different characters: this is a village guy, and a poet, and the hero of Yesenin's songs and romances, personifying the image of the poet and partly the composer himself, with his thoughts about Russia.
There are songs-romances in the work of A. Pakhmutova: "Tenderness", "Melody". There are many works of a romance nature in the work of E.S. Kolmanovsky. Known to all "Waltz about the Waltz" on the verses of E. Yevtushenko (Waltz is outdated, - says some people laughing). Great tenderness marked the romance "To the woman I love", created to the words of Kaysyn Kuliyev. Many young composers Mark Minkov, David Tukhmanov, Alexei Rybnikov, Oleg Ivanov and others continued to develop romance intonation in their works. For example, A. Rybnikov's romance from the music for the play "Juno and Avos": "I will never forget you" or "Do not renounce, loving" composer M. Minkov to the words of Veronika Tushnova.
And in conclusion, I would like to say about the performers of romances. Here are the masters of the older generations: A.V. Nezhdanova, N.A. Obukhova, F.I. Chaliapin, L.V. Sobinov, M.P. Maksakova, E.K. Katulskaya, I.S. Kozlovsky, M.D. Mikhailov, S.Ya. Lemeshev. Later, new names appeared: I. Arkhipova, E. Obraztsova, Vedernikov, Nesterenko, Boris Shtokolov, Bogacheva, Lisovsky, Sinyavskaya, Milashkina, Atlantov, Kalinina, Safiulin and many others.
You can get acquainted with the life of the performers of the Russian romance, their work at our book exhibition"Romance sounds - a brighter road, and for once there is no time for sleep,"
And now, a modern Russian romance will be performed by Oksana Popova, methodologist of the MCC of the Volnitsa ethnographic center.
Leading: “This amazing phenomenon is a romance. You will hear, and everything in you will turn over, embrace with inexpressible tenderness, sadness, love. It is full of charm and light sadness. Meeting with him is always pleasant and welcome.
Today we will take a closer look at the history of romance. Spain is considered the birthplace of the romance. It was here in the XIII - XIV centuries. wandering poet-singers created a new musical genre. The songs were sung in their native Romance language. In Russia, this genre appeared in early XIX century and immediately won universal love. The first Russian romances were written in French Over time, composers began to create romances based on poems by Russian poets.
The fate of the romance, which even in the last century for some reason was called "ancient", largely depended on the performer, on his talent and culture.
Old romances! How many are in them warmth and charm, melody and emotional excitement! They have always found a way to human hearts. These works were the direct heirs of romances of the 19th century, when the masterpieces of romance lyrics were created by the composers Alyabyev, Bulakhov, Gurilev, Varlamov, and the authors of the texts most famous romances there were Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Fet, Apukhtin, Turgenev, Polonsky, Pleshcheev ...
TO mid-nineteenth centuries, two types of romance crystallize - "professional" and everyday.
The first was created by professional composers on verses famous poets. The romances of Franz Schubert are based on the poetry of Johann Goethe, the work of Robert Schumann is associated with the works of Heinrich Heine, Mikhail Glinka wrote romances based on the verses of Alexander Pushkin, Pyotr Tchaikovsky - on the verses of Alexei Tolstoy, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov - on the verses of Apollo Maykov.
The second type of romance was born among the people. However, even among everyday romances, works of high artistic value appeared.
These two types of romance - professional and everyday - were not isolated, but, on the contrary, enriched each other.
"IN musical environment half contemptuously called amateurs, but in fact great talents and true masters who created amazing examples of art that still live in the hearts of thousands and thousands of people. “The bell rattles monotonously”, “Here the postal troika rushes”, “My nightingale, nightingale”, “Don’t you sew me, mother, a red sundress” ... I love the Russian romance of the pre-Glinka era ... ”, - wrote G. Sviridov in the book“ Music as fate".
Among the composers of the “pre-Glinka era” who wrote romances, Alexander Lvovich Gurilev occupies a prominent place, whose works were mentioned by Sviridov. Alexander Lvovich Gurilev is the author of wonderful lyrical romances.
Gurilev A. Sl. Makarova I. "Bell"
Performed by Katya Medunitsyna, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich
Leading : “Many of Gurilev's romances were written in the rhythm of the waltz, which was widespread in the urban life of that time. At the same time, the smooth three-part waltz movement is in harmony with the purely Russian meter, the so-called. five-syllable, very typical for poems in the genre of "Russian song". Such are the romances of The Girl's Sadness.
Gurilev A. Poems Koltsov A. "Sadness of a girl"
Performed by Anya Sidorova, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich
Leading: “Romance Bulakhov P.P. "My Bells", op. A. Tolstoy. Poems and melody in the romance are perceived in semantic and figurative continuity. In a single impulse, the melody merges, the measured “clatter” of the accompaniment with whirlwind passages of role-playing, the horseman rushing, not knowing where and the wind, under which grasses and flowers bend ... "
“My bells, steppe flowers,
What are you looking at me, dark blue.
And what are you ringing about on a cheerful May day,
Among the uncut grass, shaking your head?
The horse carries me with an arrow to the open field;
He tramples you under him, beats you with his hoof.
My bells, steppe flowers,
Don't curse me, you dark blue ones!"
Bulakhov P. Poems of Tolstoy A. “My bells, flowers of the steppe”
Performed by Zenina Vika, accompanist Yakubovich T. G.
Leading: “Chamber vocal lyrics occupied important place and in the work of A. Alyabyev. Romance "The Beggar" was written in the 40s XIX years century.
During this period, the composer turns to the plots social value. He creates images of the destitute, similar to the images of Russian literature of that time - the St. Petersburg stories of N. Gogol, early stories F. Dostoevsky and M. Turgenev. Alyabyev's songs of this period were prepared by the innovative works of A. Dargomyzhsky and M. Mussorgsky. Among these works is the romance "The Beggar". This romance marks Alyabyev's transition from creating songs of a purely lyrical nature to dramatic works.
In the interpretation of the text by Beranger Alyabiev managed to find a generalizing musical image, reveal the tragedy of a humiliated and destitute person. The image of hopeless human grief, in subtle association with the atmosphere winter nature, aptly and concisely conveyed in music. The initial melodic intonation, which is the basis of the piano accompaniment, further develops in the vocal part as a “leitmotif of sorrow”.
"Winter, snowstorm, and in large flakes
When the wind is strong, it snows.
At the entrance to the temple, alone, in rags,
The old beggar is standing ...
And waiting for mercy
She's all here with her stick,
Both in summer and in winter, blind! ..
Give her mercy!”
Alyabiev A. "Beggar"
Performed by Valya Gunina, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich
Leading : "What in the silence of the nights mysteriously dream,
What do I think about in the light of day,
That will be a secret to everyone, and even you, my verse,
You, my windy friend, are the delight of my days,
I will not give you the soul of my dreams,
And then you will tell, whose voice in the silence of the night
I hear whose face I find everywhere,
Whose eyes shine on me, whose name I repeat.
I read a poem by Apollon Maikov “What in the stillness of the night…”
Maikov's poetry is contemplative, idyllic and distinguished by a touch of rationality, but at the same time it reflects Pushkin's poetic principles: the accuracy and concreteness of descriptions, logical clarity in the development of the theme, simplicity of images and comparisons. For artistic method Maikov is characterized by the allegorical application of landscapes, anthological paintings, plots to the thoughts and feelings of the poet. This feature makes him related to the classical poets.
Many of Maykov's poems have been set to music (Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and others)."
Rimsky - Korsakov N. A. Poems by Maikov A. “What in the stillness of the night…”
Performed by Anya Karpina, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich
Leading: “On November 9, 1918, in the Kuban, an absurd tragic case cut short the life of a talented composer and poet, the author of the world-famous romance "The Chrysanthemums Have Faded" Nikolai Ivanovich Kharito.
According to legend, at the moment when a shot rang out and Nikolai Kharito fell dead, hit by a bullet from a jealous officer, Baron Bongarden, in the adjacent hall of one of the restaurants in the city of Tikhoretsk, where a wedding was celebrated, someone sang softly: “The chrysanthemums have faded a long time ago in the garden". The author of this romance lay bleeding, and the smile froze forever on his beautiful face...
Nikolai Kharito was unusually handsome, courteous and talented. According to contemporaries, it was simply impossible not to fall in love with him. He was adored by the regulars of fashionable noble salons and fashionable living rooms. It was there that the romances were performed outstanding masters of this genre.
Nikolai Kharito was a favorite of the public attending concert halls where pop stars of that time performed: Varya Panina, Anastasia Vyaltseva, Nadezhda Plevitskaya, Iza Kremer, Alexander Vertinsky. Their work was a bright phenomenon of the national musical culture. Pain and joy, sadness and… hope sounded in their voices.
... For almost 100 years, Nikolai Kharito's romance "The chrysanthemums in the garden have faded a long time ago" has been heard. It has stood the test of time. It was performed by Alla Bayanova and Valery Agafonov, Vadim Kozin and Petr Leshchenko with an immense sense of melancholy and nostalgic anguish. It sounds in one of the episodes of the movie "Love Yarovaya". Today they sing it opera singers And pop singers, pop stars and rock musicians. This romance occupies a worthy place in the repertoire of People's Artist USSR Joseph Kobzon.
"In that garden
where we met
your favorite bush
chrysanthemum blossomed.
And in my chest
blossomed then
Feeling bright
tender love…”
Harito N. "The chrysanthemums in the garden have faded long ago"
Performed by Julia Morozova, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich.
Leading:
"Not the wind, blowing from above,
Sheets touched on a moonlit night;
You touched my soul
She is anxious, like sheets,
She, like a harp, is multi-stringed.
The whirlwind of life tormented her
And crushing raid
Whistling and howling, tore the strings
And covered with cold snow.
Your speech caresses the ear,
Your light touch
Like flying fluff from flowers,
Like a breath of May night ... "
A poem by Aleksey Tolstoy was recited, to the text of which Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov wrote a romance of the same name.
The romantic languor that sounds in the lines of the poem has its source not only in the abstract philosophical views of Tolstoy, but also in his social well-being, in particular, the understanding that the life of socially close strata of Russian society is empty and empty.
The poem "The wind does not blow from above" was written in 1851.
In the same winter of 1850-1851, Tolstoy met the wife of the Horse Guards Colonel Sofya Andreevna Miller and fell in love with her. They got along, but their marriage was prevented, on the one hand, by Sofya Andreevna's husband, who did not give her a divorce, and on the other, by Tolstoy's mother, who treated her unkindly. Only in 1863 their marriage was officially formalized. Sofya Andreevna was an educated woman, she knew many foreign languages and possessed, apparently, an outstanding aesthetic taste. Tolstoy repeatedly called her his best and most severe critic and heeded her advice. All his love lyrics are addressed to Sofya Andreevna, starting from 1851.
Rimsky Korsakov N. A. Poems by A. Tolstoy “The wind does not blow from above”
Performed by: Vocal Ensemble, accompanist Volkova I. A.
Leading: “Continuing the theme of love and romance, let's talk a little about the creators of this magnificent music.
The 20th century brought to the world a completely unique composer - Mikael Tariverdiev (1931-1996). He is loved for films: "Irony of Fate", "Seventeen Moments of Spring". But this is only part of the music that he left behind.
Tariverdiev's music is special, his vocal works cannot be strictly divided according to genre. This is the "confession of the heart".
And when the hearts of two geniuses unite in one work, the music of their souls begins to sound in unison.
Brodsky considered Bella Akhmadulina “the undoubted heir of the Lermontov-Pasternak line in Russian poetry”, a poet whose “verse reflects, meditates, deviates from the topic; the syntax - viscous and hypnotic - is largely a product of her authentic voice.
"On my street which year
Footsteps sound - my friends are leaving.
My friends slow departure
That darkness outside the windows is pleasing.
Running my friends deeds,
There is neither music nor singing in their houses,
And only, as before, Degas girls
Pigeons straighten their feathers.
Well, well, well, let fear not wake
You, defenseless, in the middle of this night.
A mysterious passion for betrayal,
My friends, clouds your eyes.
Oh, loneliness, how cool your character is!
Flashing with an iron compass,
How cold you close the circle
Ignoring useless assurances.
So call me and reward me!
Your darling, caressed by you,
I console myself, leaning against your chest,
I will wash with your blue cold.
Let me stand on tiptoe in your forest
At the other end of the slow gesture
Find foliage, and bring it to your face,
And feel orphanhood, like bliss.
Grant me the silence of your libraries,
Your concerts are strict motives,
And - wise - I will forget those
Who died or are still alive.
And I will know wisdom and sorrow
Objects will entrust their secret meaning to me.
Nature leaning on my shoulders
Announce their children's secrets.
And then - from tears, from darkness,
From the poor ignorance of the past
My friends beautiful features
They will appear and dissolve again.”
Tariverdiev M. Poems by Akhmadulina B. “Along my street that year”
Performed by Galya Onuchina, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich
Leading : “And one more romance to the verses of Bella Akhmadulina, the music for which was composed by Andrey Petrov “And in the end I will say ...”
"And in the end I will tell:
Farewell to love do not oblige.
I'm going crazy. I'm ascending
TO high degree madness.
How you loved you sipped
Doom. Not in this case.
How did you love? You ruined.
But ruined so clumsily
Work a small temple
He still administers, but his hands fell,
And a flock, obliquely
Smells and sounds go away.
And in the end I will tell:
Farewell to love do not oblige.
I'm going crazy. I'm ascending
To a high degree of insanity"
Petrov A. Poems by Akhmadulina B. “And in the end I will say ...”
Performed by Natasha Goryainova, accompanist T. G. Yakubovich
Leading : "Dear friends! Our evening has come to an end. I hope you enjoyed the captivating sounds of the ageless Russian romance.
I hope that our guys will be happy to include Russian romances in their repertoire. See you again."
EVENING OF RUSSIAN ROMANCE
Batrakova Irina Alexandrovna,
Vokhtomskaya secondary school teacher
Parfenevsky district of the Kostroma region
The evening of Russian romance is an opportunity for pupils to get acquainted with Russian musical culture, a dialogue of feelings and emotions between pupils and teachers, enriching their spiritual world.
Scenario of the evening:
Sounds romance "Enchanted, bewitched ..."
(lyrics by N. Zabolotsky, music by M. Zvezdinsky)
Presenter 1: Romance ... It is full of charm and light sadness. Meeting with him is always pleasant and welcome. Today we will get acquainted with the history of the emergence of the romance and the development of this musical genre in Russia.
Many of you enjoy listening to romances or singing them yourself. Where did romance first appear? Where did he come to us on Russian soil? What does this word mean?
Host 2: Spain is considered the birthplace of the romance. It was here in the XIII - XIV centuries. wandering poet-singers created a new musical genre. The word "romance" comes from the Spanish "romance", that is, performed in the "Romance" language (as Spanish was then called), and not in Latin - official language catholic church. What does it mean? Very simple. At that time in Spain, all church hymns were sung in Latin, and the so-called secular songs were sung in Latin. national language. Therefore, a work written in the Romance language was called a novel, and poems set to music were called romances. Later, any solo song performed accompanied by a musical instrument, most often a guitar or piano, was considered a romance in Spain.
So, a romance is a short poem set to music for solo performance, which is performed accompanied by a musical instrument, most often a guitar or piano.
Presenter 1: In the book of B.V. Afanasiev “Guide to Concerts” it is said: “Romance is a complicated kind of “room”, “home”, salon song, which has become more intimate, responsive in terms of conveying ... the best spiritual moods and therefore closely soldered to lyrical poetry ".
Host 2: Lyrical love songs have existed in all countries at all times. They were sung by both city ladies and village girls. The aristocrats of the 17th century treated the folk songs with contempt. Even the very word "song" seemed plebeian to them. That's when the works with love content and sensitive melody and began to be called throughout Europe by the beautiful Spanish word "romance" in contrast to the folk songs.
Presenter 1: In Russia, this genre appeared at the beginning of the 19th century and immediately won universal love. The first Russian romances were composed in French, and not only by composers, but also by amateur singers. Their names often remained unknown.
Host 2: And here are the names of those who are known throughout the world: Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky, Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev, Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka and others. How many amazing romances were created by great composers! Only Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote more than 100 romances. They are close and understandable to us today, just as they were close and understandable to people of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The romance "Chrysanthemums have faded" sounds
(lyrics by V. Shumsky, music by N. Kharito)
Presenter 1: Beautiful and smooth melodies, heartfelt words of romances are easy to remember. They sound words about friendship, love, unrequited feelings, jealousy, separation, beauty native nature, longing for the Motherland - words about what touches the soul of every person.
They take away the spirit - domineering sounds!
They are intoxicated with painful passions,
They are the joy of my youth!
An agitated heart stops,
But I have no power to quench my anguish.
The insane soul languishes and desires -
And sing, and cry, and love. (V.I. Krasov "Sounds", 1835)
Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov created unusually heartfelt romances that reveal the feelings of a person, images of nature, reflections on art. The most famous from the cycle "By the Sea" is the romance "Crushes and Splashes".
The romance "Crushes and splashes" sounds
(music by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov).
Host 2: Over time, the romance expanded its scope, filled with love, comic, satirical content. Its varieties appeared: elegy, ballad, dramatic monologue, urban, gypsy and folk romance.
Let's talk about each of them and start with folk romance. Its melody is similar to a lingering folk song. It resembles a kind of lyrical statement. A wonderful illustration would be the well-known romance "My Joy Lives".
The romance "My joy lives"
(lyrics by S. Ryskin, music by D. Shishkin)
Presenter 1: Next, we will talk about the elegy. An elegy is a lyric-philosophical poem. An example of an elegy is the romance "Mistful Morning" to the words of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The poem "Foggy Morning" by I.S. Turgenev wrote in November 1843 under the impression of a break with Tatyana Bakunina, sister of the famous anarchist revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin. In the work one can hear a poignant feeling of longing for the departed happiness, the homeland, which the author voluntarily left and lived on the edge of someone else's nest in the family of Pauline Viardot. music for these beautiful words wrote an officer of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment Erast Abaza, a gifted musician who subtly felt the beautiful. A talented young man died during Crimean War in the besieged Sevastopol in June 1855. And we still love the romance Foggy Morning.
Sounds of the romance "Misty Morning"
(lyrics by I.S. Turgenev, music by E. Abaza)
Host 2: The romance, which resembles a ballad, is characterized by images inspired by ancient traditions and legends. They tell about historical events and heroes, reveal their experiences and deeds. So, in the romance "From the island to the rod" tells about the dashing ataman Stenka Razin and his squad.
Sounds romance "Because of the island on the rod"
(words and music folk).
Presenter 1: The gypsy romance arose in this way. Gypsies, not having beautiful texts songs, began to perform the works of Russian authors so masterfully that the listeners perceived them as gypsy romances. The romance "Burn, burn, my star" became gypsy. The life of its author, the talented Russian composer Pyotr Petrovich Bulakov, passed in severe need. Out of the composer's grace, Count Sheremetyev sheltered him in his Moscow estate Kuskovo. More than 100 years have passed since then, and P.P. Bulakova sound, helping people survive adversity.
Sounds romance "Burn, burn, my star"
(lyrics by V. Chuevsky, music by P. Bulakov)
Host 2: Examples of urban romance include the works “I remember the waltz is a lovely sound”, “Coachman, don’t drive the horses!”, “I like that you are not sick of me.” They convey shades of lyrical experiences of urban young ladies, the depth and subtlety of romantic relationships. We will now hear all this in the words and music of the romance "Dark Cherry Shawl"
The romance "Dark Cherry Shawl" sounds
(authors unknown)
Presenter 1: Romance - a dramatic monologue is performed in the first person, and allows its author to express all those feelings and thoughts that overwhelm him. It can be a kind of confession, revealing the soul of its hero. Now a romance will sound for us - a dramatic monologue "Only once in a life there is a meeting."
Sounds romance "Only once in a lifetime meeting"
(lyrics by P. German, music by B. Fomin)
Host 2: The romance in Russia has become so popular that it has its own biography. The fate of many well-known romances is unusual. They were created in the bright moments of the life of poets and composers, they preserved part of their lives and souls.
1823. Munich. Russian diplomatic mission. It was here that the 20-year-old diplomat Fyodor Tyutchev met Countess Amalia Lerchenfeld, the half-sister of the Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas 1, illegitimate daughter Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. For a year of acquaintance, the young countess charmed Tyutchev so much that the young diplomat decided to marry her. But the Russian nobleman did not seem to be a very profitable match for Amalia's parents, and preference was given to Tyutchev's colleague, the secretary of the embassy, Baron Krudener. But neither Amalia nor Tyutchev forgot their young affection and carried it through their whole lives. Over the years, they met less and less. One of their meetings took place in 1870 in a German resort town Karlsbad, where the poet wrote his confession poem:
I met you and everything
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...
Set to music, this poem became a popular romance. The last meeting took place in March 1873, when Amalia Maximilianovna appeared at the bedside where the paralyzed poet lay. Tyutchev's face brightened, tears appeared in his eyes. He looked at her for a long time, not uttering a word from excitement ...
Sounds like "I met you"
(lyrics by F. Tyutchev, music by an unknown author)
Presenter 1: The romances of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka can be called the pride of Russian classics. The composer wrote them throughout his life to the verses of contemporary poets and close friends. A special place in the author's vocal lyrics is occupied by works to the words of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The real pearl, which connected the geniuses of the poet and composer, is the romance "I remember a wonderful moment." This romance has an amazing story.
Imagine Petersburg, 1819. One of the noisy social evenings. Pushkin's eyes followed a very young charming woman. “It was as if a heavy load was crushing her, and in her huge eyes there was a hidden sadness.” This was remembered by the poet Anna Kern. As a 16-year-old girl, she was married off to a rude, completely alien person. Six years have passed. Pushkin was in exile in the village of Mikhailovskoye. How great was the joy of the poet when he unexpectedly met Anna Kern at the Osipovs, friends of the neighbors on the estate. She stopped at the house of her relative, the mistress of the estate. Every evening Alexander Sergeevich listened to Kern singing, and each time the poet's passion grew. The last day has come. Anna Petrovna was leaving for Pskov to her husband. Pushkin came to see Kern off and presented her with the recently published second chapter of the novel Eugene Onegin. When Anna opened the pages of the book that had not yet been cut, a small piece of paper fell out with the poems “I remember a wonderful moment” dedicated to her. This poem has forever entered the history of Russian lyrics as one of the masterpieces.
Host 2: In 1838, at one of his sister's family parties, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka met Ekaterina, the daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern. That evening Glinka was out of sorts. Quarrels with his wife deprived him of sleep and appetite. He could not create selflessly and enthusiastically as before. Nearby for several years now lived an absurd, stupid, pompous woman - his wife, whose interests did not go beyond balls, cards and horses. He knew he couldn't go on like this. The sounds of a waltz distracted the composer from his gloomy thoughts, and then he saw Ekaterina Ermolaevna. He listened to her voice, followed the movements of her hands, and something unusually bright, not yet conscious, was born in his soul. For the first time in many years, Glinka felt that he was young, strong and happy no matter what. And soon Ekaterina Kern had notes of Glinka's romance to Pushkin's poems "I remember a wonderful moment." And again, as fifteen years ago, when Pushkin handed the poems to Anna Kern, they sounded like recognition.
Sounds romance "I remember a wonderful moment"
(lyrics by A.S. Pushkin, music by M.I. Glinka).
Presenter 1: Russian romance ... How many secrets broken destinies and he keeps trampled feelings! But how much tenderness and touching love sings! Listen to the story of yet another romance.
They first met at a masquerade ball in St. Bolshoi Theater. For some reason, he immediately noticed her. She was slim and graceful. The mask hid the face, but the gray eyes looked intently and sadly. Fine ashy hair crowned the head. They did not speak for long - the vanity of the masquerade separated them. Soon he wrote a poem "In the midst of a noisy ball."
In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance,
In the turmoil of the world,
I saw you, but the mystery
Your covers of features ...
This poem will be one of the best in Russian love lyrics, but it will become famous when it turns into a romance to the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. And the words to it were written by Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. He dedicated it to his future wife, Sofya Andreevna Miller. In it he found not only his the only woman but also a smart friend. Now let's listen to this romance.
Sounds romance "Among the noisy ball"
(lyrics by A.K. Tolstoy, P.I. Tchaikovsky).
Host 2: The love of romance is eternal. It sounded many years ago and sounds today. He stirred the souls of great people and mere mortals. But romance would not be so popular without wonderful performers who bring awe, excitement, depth of feelings to our hearts. Let's listen to the romance from Eldar Ryazanov's film "Cruel Romance" performed by the amazing singer Valentina Ponamareva.
The romance "And in the end I will say" sounds
(lyrics by B. Akhmadulina, music by A. Petrov)
Presenter 1:
Sad romance is disturbing and light,
And it is incomprehensible to you in every word.
The revelation comes
How did you enter my destiny once.
Romance has entered our lives. It touches in the soul the most invisible strings of the beautiful, lofty, inexplicable. Of course, today we did not have time to talk about all the romances, their authors and performers. Yes, this is impossible. And therefore we will not say goodbye, we will only say: “See you again at the evening of Russian romance!”
Main preliminary preparation in the evening it is associated with vocal numbers, since the evening involves the performance of romances. Students can be performers classroom teacher and other school teachers, parents and guest performers. The use of audio recordings of romances is possible, but undesirable, since it may be a dissonance to the "live" musical dialogue. Both teachers and pupils can act as hosts of the evening.
The evening requires the creation of a lyrical, slightly mysterious, contemplative atmosphere. Therefore, the placement of participants in a circle with a brightly highlighted center of attention - an improvised scene can be used. IN decoration evenings, draperies, candlesticks with candles are used. Portraits of poets and writers (F.I. Tyutchev, I.S. Turgenev, A.A. Delvig, A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, A.N. Tolstoy, B. Akhmadulina), composers are placed on the walls (P. Bulakhov, S. Rachmaninov, P.I. Tchaikovsky, A. Dargomyzhsky, A.A. Alyabyev, M. Glinka, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, G. Sviridov), portrait of A.P. Kern.
A guitar/piano and other musical instruments are required to perform romances. To organize the musical arrangement during the conversation, as well as to create the necessary mood at the beginning and end of the evening, audio recordings of romances or classical music can be used.
References:
“Your Favorite Songs”, compiled by G. V. Pavlenko.
“I look into the blue lakes”, compiled by E.B. Sirotkin.
“Russian Songs and Romances”, compiled by V. Gusev.
"Russian Romance", compiled by V. Rabinovich.
journal "Education of schoolchildren" No. 5/95. "Evening of Russian romance".
magazine "Education of schoolchildren" No. 3-4 / 92g., No. 6 / 94g.
Rabinovich V. Notes on Russian romance // Russian romance
Romance has been one of the most popular genres in our country for over two centuries. The history of romance in Russia in the context of a concert-conversation.
Municipal budgetary institution of additional education
"Novgorod children's School of Music No. 1 im. S.V. Rachmaninov"
instead of a preface.
The proposed scenario of the school evening allows you to new form once again meet with such a popular genre as romance. IN this text a large amount of information is laid down, it undoubtedly implies adjustment depending on the composition of the concert numbers, the number of participants and the age of the listeners. It seemed to us interesting to trace the history of the development of the romance in our country outside the scope of the subject " Musical literature', but more broadly.
"When the old melody sounds,
He seems to be calling us
Follow him on a long road
Where romance will meet us.
He torments and enchants
Make you believe and love
Where the heart yearns again
And do not forget the wonderful evening ... "
Dear friends!
I). Introduction
Imagine a person you have known well for many years. Imagine that each time you learn something new about him, and your meetings become more and more interesting. The same can be said about romance.
None of the musical genres was as popular in Russia as the romance, and interest in it has not faded to this day.
II). A bit of history.
Term « romance » originated in Spain in the Middle Ages and originally denoted a poem in the local "Romance" dialect, and not in Latin adopted in church hymns. Romance also called folk song lyrical or heroic content, describing, for example, historical events, the exploits of legendary national heroes, disasters of war, battles with the Moors, etc. Collections of such songs, sometimes united by a common plot, were called "romancero ».
Romance developed thanks to a large number of itinerant poet-singers in the 13th-14th centuries, who performed their works to the accompaniment of a violin, flute, guitar or harp.
Having spread in other countries, the term "romance" began to mean, on the one hand, a particularly melodious lyric poem and, on the other hand, the genre of vocal music.
Since the 18th century in France, then in Germany and other European countries the word "romance" began to be called a small musical and poetic composition for a soloist and an accompanying instrument, most often a guitar, harpsichord and, finally, a piano. Sometimes the singer was accompanied by an instrumental ensemble and even an orchestra. The content of romances has also expanded: along with love lyrics poems of a sentimental nature were used, causing tears and delight in tenderness in the audience, scenes from the shepherd's life appeared, and comic situations were played out.
In the 19th century, bright national schools of romance were formed: German, Austrian, French. True, abroad these works were called the word "lied" - a song. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the most famous composer who created more than 600 vocal compositions, is the Austrian Franz Schubert. Not recognized during his lifetime, the composer acquired world fame after death.
We will listen to the arrangement for piano of a fragment of the vocal cycle "The Beautiful Miller's Woman". And although we will not hear a single word, the music will tell us how the young apprentice told the story of his unhappy love to the stream.
Listen: Schubert "The Miller and the Stream", Spanish. Maksimov Alexander
III). Russia
In Russia, romance appeared later than in Europe, in the second half of the 18th century, after the reforms of Tsar Peter I, which affected all aspects of life. Russian state and music as well. Music was divided into spiritual and secular (entertainment). The forerunner of the romance was the lyrical cant - a special kind of three-part choral singing. The first romances were written exclusively in French, and works with Russian text were called "Russian songs".
WITH late XVIII century in Russia, the creativity of amateur composers flourishes. Who composed romances in Russia? Surprisingly, among them are Senator, Privy Councilor, Full Member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts Grigory Teplov, Major General Alexei Titov, banker Fyodor Dubyansky, lawyer Mikhail Yakovlev, official Alexei Verstovsky. The texts of romances most often became popular lyrical poems of contemporary poets.
Romances gradually became more complicated, later they were divided into several types: urban, classical, cruel, gypsy, Cossack, etc. Romances were intended for home music making, duets enjoyed special love. Imagine a picture: evening, a cozy living room, candles are burning, two young ladies sing a duet to the accompaniment of a piano. What could be more poetic?
Listen: G. Gladkov "Diana's Romance" from the film "Dog in the Manger",
Spanish Daria Volnova and Daria Bezruchko.
An interesting historical fact: the development of the urban romance genre was greatly influenced by three Alexanders: the singing teacher Varlamov, the serf Gurilev, and the officer Alyabyev. The popularity of the romances of these authors is explained by the simplicity of the content, a well-remembered melody, and a simple accompaniment suitable for home music-making.
A. Varlamov graduated from the court singing chapel in St. Petersburg, sang beautifully himself, published the first in Russia tutorial in vocals "School of Singing", held the position of "composer of music of the Moscow imperial theaters." His romances are melodic, easily recognizable and enjoyed great success with listeners.
We will listen to an arrangement for flute of Varlamov's romance "Don't wake her up at dawn." It is about a girl who dreamed of love all night under the moonlight and fell asleep only in the morning.
We listen: A. Varlamov “Don’t wake her up at dawn”, Spanish. Ksenia Senina
A. Gurilev was the son of the famous composer Lev Gurilev, the serf musician Count V. Orlov. From the age of six, he began to study music under the guidance of his father. Then he studied with famous Moscow teachers - J. Field and I. Genishta. From a young age, Gurilev played in the count's orchestra, one of the best fortress orchestras of that time, on the violin and viola. All the years of childhood, adolescence and youth, the composer remained a serf. After the death of Count Orlov, the Gurilev family received freedom and settled in Moscow. Gurilev was then 28 years old.
Since that time, intensive composing and pedagogical activity Gurilev. Soon his compositions become popular, many of his romances literally "go to the people." Gurilev is gaining fame as a prominent piano teacher. However, the popularity did not save the composer from the cruel need that oppressed him throughout his life. The difficult conditions of existence broke the musician and led him to a severe mental illness.
Gurilev's romances have their own, special features: hopeless sadness, a desperate impulse for happiness, the theme of loneliness, sad reflections on the female lot.
We listen: A. Gurilev, op. Polezhaeva "Sarafanchik", the author of the words is unknown "You do not understand my sadness", Spanish. Galina Ivanova
The fate of A. Alyabyev, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, is tragic. He was wounded, decorated for bravery, retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel. At the age of 38, he was arrested on suspicion of murder and, despite the lack of evidence of the accusation, was sentenced to exile in Siberia with the deprivation of all rights and the title of nobility. The link lasted 18 years.
All sources adhere to the version that the most famous romance "The Nightingale" to the words of Delvig was written by Alyabyev in prison. And the piano was delivered to him as a prisoner right in the cell. In the dampness of the dungeon, the composer fell ill with rheumatism and began to go blind, the only salvation was musical instrument. According to some reports, the composer dedicated this romance to Ekaterina Rimskaya-Korsakova, whom he fell in love with at first sight. New Year's ball and with whom I had no time to explain. Many years later they met again and got married.
The image of the nightingale is those invisible bonds that bind the forcibly separated - whether they are in love, whether they are relatives, friends - it does not matter. This is separation from those who are dear to man.
We listen: Alyabyev "The Nightingale", arranged for piano, Spanish. Karina Kuhn
IV). M.I. Glinka
A new page in the history of the romance opens with the work of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Friends called Glinka "a lazy master" because, in their opinion, he composed little, but the composer had 80 romances! Mikhail Ivanovich was one of the first to turn to the work of Pushkin, with whom he was personally acquainted. Two geniuses gave the world such masterpieces as the romances "Adele", "Mary", "I remember a wonderful moment."
Glinka traveled a lot. Before another trip abroad, Mikhail Ivanovich wrote the vocal cycle "Farewell to St. Petersburg" to the words of his friend Nestor Kukolnik. One of the most famous romances of this cycle is The Lark.
We listen: M. Glinka, op. Puppeteer "Lark", Spanish. Alexander Sipaylo.
“Do not tempt me needlessly”, arranged for clarinet, Spanish. Ivan Pushkin and Nikolai Zanin
What new did Glinka bring to the romance genre? First of all, this is an attentive attitude to the word, the desire for beauty, magnificent melody, a more complex level of accompaniment. Mikhail Ivanovich himself was vocal teacher, knew the possibilities singing voices, therefore, with external simplicity, his romances are difficult to perform. One of the most prestigious vocal competitions is the Glinka Competition. Among its laureates are such names as Elena Obraztsova, Evgeny Nesterenko, Dmitry Hvorostovsky, Anna Netrebko.
V). There are many mysteries in the history of romances. One of them is related to the very popular romance "I met you". The poems were written by Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev, but many questions arose with the authorship of the music.
S. Donaurov was the first to write music to Tyutchev's poems. Then these verses were put to music by A. Spiro and Yu. Shaporin. But none of them is the author of the currently extremely popular version of the romance "I met you", which was performed by the outstanding singer Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. Kozlovsky heard the melody of this version from the wonderful actor of the Moscow Art Theater I.M. Moskvin himself arranged the chant. Until recently, records were released with a recording of a romance performed by Kozlovsky, and the labels read: "The author of the music is unknown." But thanks to the research of the musicologist G. Pavlova, it was possible to prove that the composer who wrote the music, which is very close to the one that Kozlovsky sings, is Leonid Dmitrievich Malashkin.
I met you - and all the past
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...
As after centuries of separation,
I look at you as if in a dream -
And now - the sounds became more audible,
Not silenced in me...
There's not just one memory
Then life spoke again -
And the same charm in us,
And the same love in my soul! ..
We listen: “I met you”, arrangement for flute, Spanish. Anastasia Yakovleva and Nikita Vikhrov
VI). Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Rimsky-Korsakov
IN late XIX century classical romance undergoes significant changes, the role of accompaniment has increased significantly. This is especially evident in the work of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Pyotr Ilyich created romances himself different nature throughout his creative life. Tchaikovsky found sources of texts, mainly, from Russian poets of the 19th century, his contemporaries, among the authors was even the brother of the king Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov, some of the romances were written in his own verses. He hid his name behind the pseudonym N.N. Music critics wrote that the composer is not picky about the choice of text. But Tchaikovsky emphasized: "The main thing in vocal music- truthful reproduction of feelings and moods.
Now the romance "Serenade" will sound. A serenade is an evening song in honor of someone, serenades are often found in romance lyrics, this is not surprising, because we are talking about love.
We listen: P. Tchaikovsky, op. Turchetti "Serenade" Galina Ivanova
Among Tchaikovsky's romances, lyrical romances predominate, with the theme of love in all the richness of feelings and moods. His romances, and there are more than 100 of them, often approach opera aria. The singers reproached the composer for the fact that the attention of the listeners was directed not only to singing, but also to accompaniment.
This type of romance is also characteristic of Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff. By the way, Rachmaninov was the first to present the romance in the form piece of music, the famous "Vocalise", written for the singer Antonina Nezhdanova. Romance gradually goes beyond the chamber genre, approaching the vocal-symphonic direction. But this form is more difficult both to perform and to perceive; these romances resonate with a trained, rather than a mass audience. So, gradually, the classical romance becomes intellectual, elite, while losing its lightness and innocence.
We listen: S. Rachmaninov, op. Beketova "Lilac", Spanish. vocal ensemble choir girls
In 1862, the first Russian conservatory was opened in St. Petersburg, 4 years later a conservatory was opened in Moscow. There is still an unspoken rivalry between them.
Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninov are representatives of the Moscow composer school. And now we will hear the music of the composer of the St. Petersburg school - Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov. Rimsky-Korsakov is mainly known as the author of symphonic and opera music, but he also turned to the romance genre. The romance "Not the wind blowing from above" is recognized as the composer's vocal masterpiece.
Listen: sl. Tolstoy "Not the wind, blowing from a height", Spanish. Girls' Choir Vocal Ensemble
VII). Movie
The twentieth century gave the world the great invention of the Lumiere brothers - cinema. In the thirties, sound appeared in the cinema, the heroes of the films spoke and sang. Through songs and romances they expressed their feelings, experiences, dreams. Composers became full-fledged filmmakers along with screenwriters, directors, cameramen and artists. Outstanding film music was created by Dunaevsky, Shostakovich, Sviridov, from contemporary authors- Rybnikov, Krylatov, Gladkov. The famous film by Eldar Ryazanov "Cruel Romance" is literally filled with beautiful music, both the main characters and the gypsy choir sing in it.
We listen: A. Petrov, words by M. Tsvetaeva “Under the caress of a plush blanket”, Spanish. Anna Galvas
VIII). Conclusion
Over the 3 centuries of its development, the romance went beyond the chamber vocal genre. We will meet romances in operas, in dramatic performances, in symphonic suites. Romances are often called plays of a lyrical nature. They have no words, but poetic content we will feel in the music. Composers of the 19th and 20th centuries created many similar instrumental compositions for piano, strings and wind instruments.
We listen: R. Glier "Romance", Spanish. Nikita Vikhrov
- The “golden age” of Russian romance on the stage came at the beginning of the 20th century, when such large and original performers as Alexander Vertinsky, Varvara Panina, Anastasia Vyaltseva worked. Later, the romance tradition was continued by Pyotr Leshchenko, Isabella Yuryeva, Vadim Kozin.
In Soviet times, especially since the late 1930s, romance was persecuted as a relic of the tsarist era. Leading performers fell silent or were repressed. Nevertheless, a variation of the urban romance continued to exist, becoming widespread during the Great Patriotic War, and later gave rise to the activities of bards, performers of the author's song Bulat Okudzhava, Yuri Vizbor, Veronika Dolina, Novella Matveeva.
The revival of the Russian school of romance took place in the 1970s, when romances began to be performed by Nikolai Slichenko, Valentina Ponomaryova, Nani Bregvadze and other bright stage artists.
In our time, interest in romances has increased incredibly. On the TV channel "Culture" every Saturday there is a program "Romance of Romance" - a series of concerts dedicated to the world of songs and romances. Each program is an acquaintance with new or well-forgotten old romances and songs performed by both venerable and young artists. In addition to the traditional classical romance performed by singers academic vocal, bard songs, jazz improvisations, author's song and rock compositions sound.
At the end of our meeting, one of the most famous instrumental romances will sound.
We listen: D. Shostakovich, romance from the film "The Gadfly", Spanish. violin ensemble.
