Fomina Elena Ivanovna
Educator, MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 15", Sarov
Fomina E.I. Introducing preschool children to the origins of Russian folk culture// Owl. 2016. No. 3(5)..02.2019).
The present time is characterized by the formation new system education: the standard of the teacher has been defined, framework documents have been developed that determine what the educational process should be like (the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, the Federal State Educational Standard). However, the definition of the content of training, the choice of methods and techniques are at the mercy of teachers.
Speaking about the education of moral and moral qualities, we think that there is a need to return to the best traditions of our people, its centuries-old roots.
It can be concluded that the introduction of new technologies based on established traditions is the most the right way get a good result in the form of meeting targets.
One of the principles of the Federal State Educational Standard is to familiarize children with socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state. cognitive development involves the development of primary ideas about small homeland and Fatherland, about the socio-cultural values of our people, about domestic traditions and holidays.
The main aspects of the sociocultural development of a preschooler are:
- Optimization of the socio-cultural educational potential of the main general education program.
- Value-semantic and sociocultural enrichment of the space of preschool education in preschool educational institutions on the basis of the domestic sociocultural tradition.
In our opinion, the conscious formation of moral and ethical feelings, the education of love for the Motherland, for the traditions of Russian folk culture should begin with the middle group. The preparatory stage can be considered the work carried out in the 2nd junior group.
Observations of the children of the group helped me to determine a system of work based on introducing children to national culture in accordance with the best traditions of pedagogy.
Introducing children to Russian folk culture in our preschool institution is carried out through the relationship preschool With social institutions families of our pupils.
The purpose of this work is to educate patriotic feelings among preschoolers through introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks are to be solved:
- To instill in children a sense of love, duty, responsibility, respect for beauty, kindness, affection, for their homeland, native places, the Russian people.
- To form the ability to restore links between the past, present and future.
- To develop in the child the ability to understand the culture of his people and a positive attitude towards the culture of other peoples.
The developed long-term plan is designed for 4 years of activity in the following areas:
- Acquaintance with national way of life;
- Acquaintance with Russian folk art;
- Acquaintance with Russian folk games;
- Acquaintance with traditions;
- Holidays.
Tasks in each of the areas are solved in all age groups. The complexity of tasks can be traced from age to age.
The solution of the set tasks involves the use of the following forms: GCD, gaming activities, circle work, excursions, holidays, theatrical and independent activities.
The formation of moral and ethical feelings, the upbringing of love for the Motherland, for the traditions of Russian folk culture is based on well-known principles:
. the principle of proximity, objectivity, emotional saturation - the proposed material should be with a gradual complication;
. the principle of accessibility - the information offered is adapted to the perception of preschoolers;
. the principle of scientificity and reliability - the content of information offered to preschoolers should be based on scientific facts, personal experience and sensory experiences of children
. the principle of visibility and entertainment - educational material should arouse interest and emotional response in children;
. the principle of the historical sequence of generalizing factors;
. the principle of an integrated and integrative approach - the introduction of preschoolers to the origins of Russian folk culture is carried out through various types of activities in the educational process, the use of various types and forms of interaction with children is proposed;
. the principle of close cooperation between teachers and parents.
The expected result based on the results of the development of all areas for the preparatory group:
Knows main literary concepts by folklore; summary read literary works; life and traditions of the Russian people; songs, ditties, nursery rhymes, riddles, proverbs, sayings, incantations.
Can tell Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes and beat them;
Uses in the game household items of the Russian people;
Creates creative work in folklore.
The presentation of the material goes cyclically, through various types of activities (in a spiral, which allows you to replenish and improve previously acquired knowledge).
Priority remains methods and techniques:
- Problematic - search questions;
- Introduction of a new character;
- Analysis of proverbs and sayings;
- Creative tasks;
- Explanation of the origin of words;
- analogy method;
- Working with models and diagrams.
The first direction provides met with national way of life. As a result, children begin to understand the essence of Russian folk culture, its peculiarity, originality, color. Work continues on creating the atmosphere national life, together with the children, the mini-museum organized in the group is replenished with objects of Russian life. It is known that the surrounding objects have a great influence on the formation of the spiritual qualities of the child - they develop curiosity, bring up a sense of beauty. The surrounding objects, for the first time awakening the soul of a child, nurturing in him a sense of beauty, should be national. This allows children from a very early age to understand that they are part of the great Russian people.
Second direction - preschoolers continue to get to know Russian folk art expanding and deepening your knowledge. New sections are introduced: "Introduction to the Russian folk costume", "Introduction to the Russian folk cuisine”, expanding children's ideas about Russian folk culture.
Third direction - children become familiar with Russian folk games. I would like to note that these games do not have a competitive element, but, on the contrary, contribute to cohesion, the ability to perform joint movements. In Russian folk games we use incantations, counting rhymes, sentences.
The fourth direction is acquaintance with traditions. Unobtrusively, in a form that is easy to understand this material, something cognitively new is presented.
Acquaintance with Russian folk holidays passes through the following events: quizzes, entertainment, holidays such as “Visiting Grandma Riddle”, “You open your heart - say a word”, “Spring Invocation”, etc.
During the year, children in a playful, entertaining way clarify and consolidate their knowledge about various areas of Russian folk culture. A special place in this period is occupied by the practical activities of children.
An important role is played by creation of a subject-developing environment. The group should create a mini museum "Russian folk corner”,“ Our Dear Russia ”, where children receive and replenish knowledge about the originality, color of the Russian people, the Russian soul, the Russian character. Where rich material has been accumulated: didactic games and manuals for familiarizing children with Russian folk costume, Russian folk cuisine, folk games, crafts, and life. The group has a lot of children's books, coloring books, didactic games, folders - peredvizhek on the topic.
When working to familiarize children with Russian folk art, we recommend using such didactic aids: “Where there is a riddle, there is a riddle”, “Smart proverb - it’s not for nothing that they say”, “What first, what then”, “Tell a story”, etc.
Children love to listen to fairy tales, jokes, nursery rhymes, songs, counting rhymes, incantations. From them breathes kindness, warmth, affection. You can use this in regime moments(washing hands, going to bed, dressing and undressing).
Of course, in this work, huge support is needed from the parents.
For them we offer:
Questionnaire "What do you know?"
Consultations "My Russia". "The Story of One Thing"
Master class "How to make a baby book"
Arrange various exhibitions: “Distant antiquities”, “My mother has golden hands”, and so on.
There are many goals ahead and there is work to be done. But the main thing that we have achieved is a spark of interest in the eyes of children and parents, a desire to learn something new, cooperate, educate and develop all this further!
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- Aleksandrova E.Yu., Gordeeva E.P. The system of patriotic education in the preschool educational institution. Volgograd: Teacher, 2007.
- Alyabyeva E.A. Moral and ethical conversations and games with preschoolers. The relationship of public and family education preschool children. N. Novgorod, 2005;
- Education of moral feelings in older preschoolers. Ed. Vinogradova A.M. Moscow: Education, 1989.
- Educational system "Little Russians" Arapova-Piskareva N.A. M.: Mosaic-synthesis, 2004.
- Danilina G.N. Preschooler about the history and culture of Russia. M.: ARKTI, 2005.
- Dyaunenova I.A. Patriotic education preschoolers by means of local history and tourism activities. M.: ARKTI, 2004.
- Zelenova N.G. We live in Russia. Preparatory group. N. Novgorod, 2007.
- We introduce preschoolers to family and pedigree. E.K. Revina M.: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2008.
- Komratova N.G., Gribova L.F. Socio-moral education of children 3-4 years old. M.: Sfera, 2005.
- Labunskaya G.V. Artistic education of children in the family. Moscow: Pedagogy, 1970.
- Lopatina A.A. Education of moral qualities in children. Moscow: Book lover, 2007.
- Makhaneva M.D. Moral and patriotic education of preschool children. M.: Sfera, 2009.
- Mulko I.F. Socio-moral education of children aged 5-7 years: a methodological guide. M.: Sfera, 2006.
- Mulko I.F. The development of ideas about man in history and culture. M.: Sfera, 2007.
- Moral and aesthetic education of the child in kindergarten. Ed. Vetlugina N.A. Moscow: Education, 1989.
- The unknown is nearby / O.V. Dybina et al. M.: Sfera, 2010.
- Introducing preschoolers to the origins of Russian folk culture in a compensatory kindergarten. Sarov, 2001.
- Sertakova N.M., Kuldashova N.V. Patriotic education of children 4-7 years old on the basis of design and research activities. In: Teacher, 2016.
Today, there is an acute problem of preserving and caring for folk culture - the basis of self-preservation of the people. Therefore, in our preschool educational institution, a partial program "Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture" has been developed and is being implemented. It is known that music is of great importance in shaping inner peace child, helps to become spiritually richer, develops emotions, thinking, susceptibility to beauty. And knowledge of the patterns of introducing children to musical culture and the ability to organize the process of a child's interaction with music is the most important indicator. professional excellence musical director.
The child emotionally reacts to music from the first days of life. Introduction to the origins of Russian folk culture begins with a lullaby, which embodies folk wisdom, traditions, customs. But most of us are very superficially familiar with the culture of our people. How did Russian people live? How did they work? How did you rest? What holidays did you celebrate? What songs did they sing? To answer these questions means to restore the connection of times, to return the lost values.
As already mentioned, an integral part creative input many generations into culture is folk pedagogy, which is defined as "a set of pedagogical information about the upbringing of a child, preserved in oral folk art, customs, rituals, children's games, etc." (G.N. Volkov). Saturated with vivid imagery and expressiveness, works of folk art occupy one of the important places in the education and upbringing of children. They are brought to life by the "pedagogical needs of the people" and, in terms of the strength of their impact on the feelings and imagination of the child, occupy one of the first places among other educational means. The possibilities of folk art are invaluable in musical education children.
Presenting to the attention of readers a program to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture in music classes.
Purpose of the program
The study of Russian musical folklore with the aim of 1) development musical ability; 2) the formation of musical knowledge, skills and abilities in all types of musical activities in various age groups of a preschool institution; 3) formation of musical culture.
Forms of acquaintance with folk culture can be varied: classes of the cognitive cycle, excursions, targeted walks, observations, holidays. But in any case, it is necessary to create a special atmosphere for the independent activity of children or their joint activity with adults, an environment in which the child would feel like a real participant in the events.
Activity Priorities
- Wide use of folklore (songs, ditties, chants, chants, sayings, sentences, teasers,jokes, games). In Russian song folklore combined word and musical rhythm. It reflected the features of the Russian character, its moral values - ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, respect for the working person, family, friendship. Folklore is a source of cognitive and moral development children.
- Acquaintance with traditional and ritual holidays. Ritual holidays are closely related to labor and other aspects. public life person. They contain observations of the peculiarities of the seasons, weather, the behavior of birds and insects, and plants.
- Acquaintance with Russian folk games. They have great potential for physical and social development child.
- Acquaintance with Russian folk musical instruments.
In musical folklore, music, singing, movement and playing folk instruments are inextricably linked. Therefore, four aspects of musical folklore can be distinguished: song, choreography, games, musical instruments.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
JUNIOR GROUP
Folk song. Learn to sing along with repetitive intonations, perform simple actions prompted by the text or determined by the nature of the music. Raise interest in folk song, love for family and home.
folk choreography. To teach the simplest elements of dance plasticity, round dance rearrangements as shown by adults, respond to dance music, play round dance games with dance elements, often with a soloist, perform free dance. Cultivate a friendly attitude towards a partner.
Folk games. Encourage improvisation. Develop a sense of rhythm. To cultivate the ability to empathize with the hero and each other.
Develop an interest in musical instruments. Learn to perform onomatopoeia on them (the murmur of a brook, the singing of birds, etc.). Learn the art of sound production. Maintain the desire to play the instrument independently. Cultivate emotional responsiveness to works performed for children musical instruments.
EXPECTED RESULTS
- Interest in folk music, the ability to emotionally respond to it.
- An enriched musical experience for children.
- The makings of a cultural listening to folk songs.
- The ability to sing songs, chants, chants, play folk games, perform dance movements.
- Ability to play children's musical instruments.
- Knowledge of musical genres (song, dance, march), the ability, with the help of a teacher, to speak out about the content and nature of folk songs, nursery rhymes, etc. to speak to parents and employees of the kindergarten, to take part in folk holidays ("Autumn", "Shrovetide", "Spring Invocation").
MIDDLE GROUP
Folk song. Increase the volume of the song repertoire, add round dance songs, game song. Activate the transition from colloquial to singing intonation. Learn to intonate within a third, a quart. Suggest situations in which you need to act independently. Complicate the direction of the song (several soloists). Introduce the concept of "ritual song". To tune in to empathy with the nature and content of the folk song.
folk choreography. Introduce new elements folk dance. Pay attention to the plasticity of the hands. In round dances, learn to change direction in a circle, break it at the end of the melody or when the music changes, follow the leading “snake”, change into pairs from the circle and vice versa. Encourage the manifestation of greater independence in free dance, the desire to introduce dance or round dance elements when staging songs, expressively convey the nature of the music or song in movement.
Folk games. Learn to use counting rhymes to choose a leader. To consolidate the ability to quickly respond to commands, be divided into pairs, subgroups. Pay attention to the fact that during free games, children use folk songs and counters. To cultivate interest in the development of new games, independence in the transfer of the game image.
Folk musical instruments. Continue to acquaint with musical instruments and their sound in the ensemble. Continue to teach how to play individual instruments; so, on a whistle, the pitch of the sound changes depending on the force with which it is blown. Learn to play in an ensemble with older children. To cultivate the desire to emotionally perform simple works on musical instruments.
EXPECTED RESULTS
- Deepening interest in folk music, the desire to listen to it, emotionally respond to it.
- The beginning of the development of pitch, rhythmic and timbre hearing.
- Development of the makings of cultural listening to musical works.
- Singing Russian folk songs, ditties, chants, teasers, jokes, Russian folk games, the ability to perform movements that correspond to the nature of the musical accompaniment.
- The ability to identify and name musical genres (song, dance, march) and some of their types, familiar musical works, distinguish between musical instruments (pipe, bell, tambourine, spoons, etc.); improvement in playing children's musical instruments; the ability, with the help of a teacher, to speak independently about the content of songs and plays, round dances and games and their nature, include musical games in various types of non-musical activities, perform at holidays in front of parents and kindergarten staff, take part in mass holidays (“Autumn in Russia”, “Maslenitsa”, “Spring Invocation”, “Wreath Curling”), showing their amateur numbers, take part in regional competitions, create expressive images.
SENIOR GROUP
Folk song. Significantly expand the volume of the song repertoire, add songs of a playful-comic nature. Stage and improvise song material. Introduce a warm-up into each lesson - exercises for breathing, sound production, etc. Introduce ditties, teach to understand them, show the character of the hero, sing, dance, play along with musical instruments. To cultivate emotional responsiveness when performing and listening to songs of a different nature.
folk choreography. To teach a simple round dance step, a combination of movements of arms and legs, a round dance “in the sun”, “against the sun”, “cabbage” (snail), “wall to wall”, turning a circle, movements in two circles in different directions. Encourage dancing during the performance of funny songs, offer soloing. To cultivate the desire to express one's attitude to the content and character of music with expressive movements.
Folk games. Arouse desires to participate in games with theatrical actions and more detailed dialogues. Pay attention to the behavior of the characters. Learn to portray the nature of the characters. To cultivate the desire to play not only positive, but also negative roles (Waterman, Baba Yaga), empathy for the characters of the game, emotional responsiveness, as well as independence in choosing attributes to convey the game image.
Folk musical instruments. Learn to recognize and correctly name instruments when listening to recordings of concerts folklore ensembles, orchestras folk instruments playing in the orchestra. Listen to playing musical instruments, but already in an orchestra, combine playing instruments with song, game, dance. To cultivate a culture of perception, to encourage listening to music played on folk instruments.
EXPECTED RESULTS
- Consolidation of interest in folk music, the desire to listen to it, emotionally respond to it.
- Improvement of pitch, rhythmic and timbre hearing.
- Strengthening the desire and ability to sing Russian folk songs, ditties, chants, chants, sentences, teasers, jokes, play Russian folk games, perform movements corresponding to the nature of the musical accompaniment, distinguish between solo and choral singing.
- Consolidation of the ability to talk about the content of musical works, composers, determine and independently name musical genres (song, dance, march) and their types, distinguish between musical instruments (pipe, bell, tambourine, spoons, balalaikas, button accordion, accordion, harmonica, drum, and etc.) in their solo and orchestral sound, distinguish them by timbre, appearance, sound character, play children's musical instruments in an orchestra, name familiar musical works, speak independently about their content and character, beat round dances, songs, ditties, carols, etc., include music and musical games in various types of non-musical activities, perform at holidays in front of parents and kindergarten staff, take part in mass holidays (“Autumn Fair”, “Autumn in Russia”, “Carols ”, “Shrovetide”, “Spring Calling”, “Curling wreaths”, “May 9”), showing their amateur numbers, take part in regional competitions (“Spring drops "" Freckles - konopushki"), to participate in the celebration of the folk game, the preparation and holding of a concert program for war veterans.
GROUP PREPARATORY FOR SCHOOL
Folk song. Give an idea of such genres of Russian folk songs as
lyricism ("The baby was walking along the forest." "Oh, how I love my cow." "And I'm in the meadow, and I'm in the meadow." "I'm walking with a loach"),
playfully comic ("In the forge." "The goat went through the forest"), drill ("Soldiers, bravo guys." Strengthen the ability to sing ditties.
Provide an opportunity to independently stage songs. To educate a holistic musical and aesthetic perception of folk songs and their content.
folk choreography. Introduce elements of folk dance: dance in three legs, with a jump, mastering the simplest fractions in combination with a ditty. Learn new elements of the round dance: “wattle”, “thread with a needle”. Encourage the use of dance or round dance elements in the performance of songs, games, playing musical instruments, etc., the desire to use dances and round dances in independent activities.
Folk games. Activate to participate in games with a detailed theatrical action ("Sparrow", "Drake caught up with a duck"). Complicate the rules and link their implementation with the origin of some ritual games. To help understand the need for actions and their order in the game (“We mow hay”, “And we sowed millet”), explaining their connection with ancient rituals. Help to express the characteristic features of a character. To cultivate sensitivity, understanding, empathy for the characters of the game and peers.
Folk musical instruments. Give an idea of the household items that the people used as musical instruments (scythe, saw, rubel, etc.). Strengthen the ability to distinguish instruments in the orchestra.
To give knowledge about the composition of the orchestra of folk instruments. Provide an opportunity to improvise on familiar instruments. In the process of creating an orchestra, take into account the attitude of children to certain instruments. Include instruments in games, dances, provide the opportunity to independently choose instruments. Cultivate emotional responsiveness to music, performed by the orchestra children's musical instruments.
EXPECTED RESULTS
- Steady interest in folk music, desire to listen to it, emotionally respond to it.
- Development of diction, breathing, sound production, purity of intonation, rhythmic and timbre hearing.
- Sustainable skill of cultural listening to music.
- Improvement of previously acquired accompaniment skills, distinguish between vocal and instrumental music, solo and choral singing.
- Consolidation of the ability to talk about the content of musical works, composers (not only Russian, but also foreign), determine and independently name musical genres (song, dance, march, opera, ballet) and their types; distinguish between musical instruments (pipe, bell, tambourine, spoons , balalaika, button accordion, accordion, harmonica, tambourine, drum, rattle, triangle, etc.) in their solo and orchestral sound in terms of timbre, appearance, sound character; play children's musical instruments solo and in an orchestra, memorize and name familiar pieces of music, speak independently about their content, creatively play round dances, Russian folk songs, ditties, carols, etc., analyze and compare musical works of a different nature; include music and musical games in various non-musical activities; perform at holidays showing, take part in regional competitions, create expressive images, participate in the production of Russian folk tales (theatrical activities), in the celebration of the folk game, preparing and conducting a concert program for veterans.
So, widely introducing folk games, songs, dances, etc. into the work of the kindergarten. we teach our pupils to think about kindness, friendship, diligence, love for nature, home country which have always been important to our ancestors and revered by them.
1. Budarina T.A., Kuprina L.S., Korepanova O.N., Markeeva O.A. Acquaintance of children with Russian folk art. St. Petersburg, 2010.
2. Katysheva I.B., Kombarova G.N., Nikolaeva S.R. The folk calendar is the basis for planning work with preschoolers according to the state educational standard. Plan-program. Summaries of classes, Scenarios of holidays. Method. manual for preschool teachers educational institutions. St. Petersburg, 2009.
3. Knyazeva O.L., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Method manual. St. Petersburg, 2004.
4. Kostina E.P. Program music education children of early and preschool age "Tuning fork". M., 2008.
The problem of introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture is one of the most relevant due to the fact that it is of great importance in the formation of the traditions of the Russian people, folk culture, and customs.
We live in an interesting and difficult time, when we begin to look at many things differently, rediscover and re-evaluate many things.
First of all, this refers to our past, which we know very superficially.
What cared, pleased and disturbed the Russian people, what did they do, how did they work, what did they dream about, what did they tell and sing about, what did they pass on to their children and grandchildren? To answer these questions today means to restore the connection of times, to return the lost values.
To do this, we turned to the origins of Russian folk culture and, above all, folklore. After all, the content of folklore reflects the life of the people, their experience, sifted through the sieve of centuries, the spiritual world of the Russian man, his thoughts, feelings, experiences.
The urgency of this problem is also expressed in the need of our society to resist the negative phenomena of the social environment in which the younger generation is being formed.
AT"Federal target program for the development of education"
talks about the need to educate cultural, creative personality,
able to find its place in the future in a complex, constantly changing reality, about the emergence of a need to educate the moral basis of the younger generation.
Folk origins turned out to be the basis for the formation of the foundations of morality, which took shape over the centuries, was close and understandable to every Russian for centuries.
Folk art, as part material culture, has a permanent moral, aesthetic, cognitive value.
Taking in historical experience many generations, it is of tremendous importance for the development of the individual. The works of folk art contain a special educational value that influences the formation of patriotic feelings.
Value children's folklore lies in the fact that with its help an adult easily establishes emotional contact with a child, emotional communication. Interesting content, richness of fantasy, bright artistic folklore images attract the attention of the child, bring him joy and at the same time have their educational impact on him. Acquaintance with children's folklore develops interest in folk singing, fosters artistic taste, develops the child's speech, forms his moral habits, and enriches children's knowledge of nature. Bright, original, accessible in form and content, incantations, sentences, teasers are easy to remember and can be widely used by children in games. They amuse the child and at the same time teach behavioral skills. The affectionate dialect of folklore works delights not only children, but also adults who use the figurative language of folk poetry to express their care and love. For a child, folk art is accessible and understandable, and therefore interesting.
The main goal of introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture, we have set ourselves the following:
Deeper study of the culture of the native land and use their knowledge in familiarizing children with the origins of Russian folk culture;
To educate the personality of a child with a basic culture, to form his cultural needs, emotional responsiveness.
Having defined the goal, we set ourselves specific tasks:
to cultivate love for the motherland, for the native land and its history
to attach to the culture and traditions of the Russian people, to bring up the best qualities inherent in it: diligence, kindness, mutual assistance, sympathy
nurture respectful relationships with other children and adults
to teach to understand the role of the family, one's place in the family, to educate future owners(hostess)
develop values for life
build self-esteem as a representative of one's people
develop children's creative and intellectual abilities, artistic taste
introduce rich, figurative native language
enrich the speech of children, develop speech culture
identify the effectiveness of the use of small folklore forms in different types children's activities.
We have tried to use the material folk art in the daily lives of children. We picked up a series of nursery rhymes, jokes, finger games, riddles, proverbs, sayings, round dances, folk games and used them in working with children of the middle group in the classroom, in sensitive moments, dramatization of fairy tales, puppet and table theater.
There were also difficulties, for example, there were no relevant materials and manuals, surrounding reality did not give the opportunity for real familiarization of children with folk culture.
This is where parents, grandmothers, and employees came to the rescue.
By common efforts, they began to collect material in the corner of the old Russian way of life. Made a portable stove(due to lack of space) , placed household utensils, towels, towels, embroidery...etc.
Objects of folk arts and crafts were also placed here.(Gorodets, Khokhloma, Dymka, Gzhel, etc.) . This was due to the fact that it was in such an environment that I wanted to acquaint children with folk crafts throughout Russia.
Now in"hut" began to carry out activities to familiarize children with oral folk art and arts and crafts, to sing folk songs, ditties, chants.
In the future, arrange gatherings with tea drinking from a samovar, treats with cookies"larks" etc.
Folk toys and games with them brought great joy to children. Of particular interest were bright matryoshkas. We tell kids about beauty, brightness, and features of a toy. Gradually bring to the understanding of the concept"folk toy" . Older children got acquainted with its masters, the history of its origin. children younger age we introduce household items, their names, purpose, ways of working with them, and explain to older children the historical continuity with modern analogues. For example, a torch-kerosene - an electric lamp, a roll-cast iron - an electric iron.
In addition, we show the dependence of the use of objects on lifestyle and place of residence.(the poor - with a torch, the rich - with candles; in a wooded area more wooden utensils, and in places rich in clay-clay) .
The organization of such moments implies the activity of the children themselves, since they need to guess what this or that object was needed for, how it was used. To help children, we make riddles, use proverbs, sayings.
We pay special attention to expanding the active vocabulary of children, taking into account the fact that often outwardly similar objects have different names(pot, jug, bench, stool..)
For greater accessibility(especially for toddlers) oral folklore works"hut" placed a painted bed with a baby doll. This is how lullabies, nursery rhymes, jokes are played.
To interest children, we use the reception of the presence of a game character. It can also be toy animals that are most often found in folklore works: a cat, a dog, a cockerel ..., and fairy-tale heroes, and puppet theater characters.
Of course, be sure to include surprise moments(a chest with fairy tales, guests came, a magic chest ...) , play tricks(we go on a visit, overcoming various obstacles, traveling on different modes of transport, helping a well-known character, preparing gifts for someone, transformations, etc.)
In order to introduce children to enough complex concepts, for example, about the role of rituals and traditions in people's lives, about the meaning of sayings and folk signs, we use an excellent technique - a dialogue between the educator and the game character. The educator performs liaison role between children and the game character. The character, depending on the situation, can act as an expert who teaches children, or vice versa - children teach a stupid or lazy, playful or fairy-tale character. On such examples, as a rule, educational tasks are also solved. game character does not always behave in the best way: can be capricious, naughty, impolite. Teaching and reasoning with him together with the educator, the children are affirmed in positive behavior, ways of communication.
AT"hut" more interesting and better quality began to pass Team work acquaintance with folk arts and crafts. The forms are diverse: integrated, by design, thematic, collective work, organization of exhibitions, folk holidays, entertainment. To increase the efficiency of mastering the technique of drawing, modeling, applications, we use games, game techniques and exercises.(see above) . It is imperative to admire the work done, praise the children, thank them for their work. It is important to learn to analyze your work and the work of your comrades. To do this with the children finished work we hang out, expose, so that each child, having found his work, can compare it with other works, see the advantages and disadvantages. The forms of analysis can be different: the choice of works on the questions of the educator, the comparison of the pattern on the object and the drawing, etc. d.
Practical experience has shown that when selecting folklore material, it is necessary to take into account the age capabilities of children. For children of primary preschool age, the so-called"small folklore forms» - riddles, riddles, counting rhymes, short stories. In middle age, along with the complication"small forms" , more and more place should be given to folk tales, proverbs, sayings. With older children, in addition to more complex folklore material, you can use such a form of work as a conversation.
After the completion of a certain segment of the work done, it can be said that the children became interested, their working capacity increased, they began to use proverbs and sayings more and more boldly not only in the classroom, but also in free activities.
The results of the diagnostics carried out showed that the efforts made by the joint work of the educator, music worker, parents.
In our work, of course, we rely on the help of parents, we try to cooperate with them. Therefore, starting to work on the topic, we made a plan of work with parents:
1. Organize consultations on the following topics:
“Where to take the baby on a day off?”
"The role of folk art in moral education children"
"Oral folk art is a storehouse of folk wisdom"
2. Involve parents in collecting household items to decorate a corner"huts" in kindergarten
3. Parents sewing elements of a Russian folk costume(skirt, kokoshnik, apron)
4. Hold a parent meeting"Gatherings at the samovar" with a discussion of joint work to familiarize children with the origins of Russian folk culture
5. Parents, together with their children, take part in exhibitions and competitions held at the preschool educational institution.
Experience has shown how difficult it is to convey even a short folklore work to the understanding of children, since in sayings, incantations, nursery rhymes, words are often used that have not been found in modern speech for a long time.(sulfur wutitsa, drowned little children, a thief-thief climbed into the barn, climbed into the window, fell into a basket ..) . This requires visual aids.
That is why the organization of a subject-developing environment is so necessary. Therefore, it is impossible to stop there, it is necessary to engage in further replenishment."huts" household items, details folk clothes, figurative toys-characters, dolls, attracting both employees and parents.
Continue work on the selection of books with folklore works, including folding books and coloring books, cassettes, CDs, as well as costumes, attributes for theatrical performances, sets of postcards, illustrations for nursery rhymes, proverbs, and fables.
Project
« Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture »
(2 junior group)
Content
Introduction
Lesson notes:
"My friendly family"
"We are so different"
"Dymkovo horse"
"The cat went to the market"
"A miracle, a miracle Christmas!"
"Plenashka Doll"
"Meeting Maslenitsa"
"I also want to live"
Introduction
Project type: Socio-personal
Members: educator - Smolyanova N.V.
Children of the younger group - 21 hours;
Parents of the younger group.
Relevance:
Ancient wisdom reminds us: "A man who does not know his past knows nothing." Without knowing your roots, the traditions of your people, you cannot bring up a full-fledged person who loves his parents, his home, his country, and treats other peoples with respect.
Research in the field of preschool pedagogy and psychology indicates that it is in preschool age the basic foundations of personality are laid. Raising patriotic feelings present stage development of society oblige preschool educational institutions to develop cognitive interest, love for the motherland, its historical and cultural heritage.
For preschool education, the issues of developing a creatively active personality, its spiritual potential are especially relevant. That is why it is important to include a variety of artistic activities in a child's life. creative activity. It is in them that every child can express himself most fully and realize his creative activity.
One of the most important means aesthetic education and the formation of an active creative personality is folk art. Folk art summarizes ideas of beauty, aesthetic ideals, the wisdom of the people, which are passed down from generation to generation. Through folk art, the child learns the traditions, customs, features of the life of his people, joins his culture. Folk art is rich in rhythms and repetitions, it carries specific images, paints, accessible and interesting to the child, which is the basis for awakening and strengthening the emotionally positive attitude of children towards him.
Formulation of the problem: if you introduce children, starting from an early age, with their native culture, native speech, works of oral folk art, this will contribute to the development of spiritual, moral, aesthetic education and in the future they will be able to preserve all cultural values of our Motherland, will live, giving the world a huge amount of talents that have been admired and will be admired in Russia.
Objective of the project: the formation of moral and patriotic feelings among preschoolers, acquaintance with the culture of the Russian people.
Project objectives:
1. introduce children to the origins of Russian national culture; arouse interest in the works of oral folk art.
2. to show children the beauty of the Russian language through oral folk art, expressed in songs, nursery rhymes, incantations.
3. introduce children to folk traditions and include them in children's lives, because they reflect the deep wisdom and creative potential of the Russian people.
4. to promote the development of the best features of the Russian character in children.
5. to form a sense of national dignity.
Project implementation timeline: 09.15 – 05.16.
Expected results:
Children know 3-4 nursery rhymes, fairy tales, riddles, songs,
Call 3-4 heroes of fairy tales,
They call household items of the Russian people,
Children know the rules of 3-4 Russian folk games,
With the help of parents, the mini-museum is enriched with exhibits..
Project implementation program:
1. The study of psychological and pedagogical literature on the problems of the project.
2. Study of positive pedagogical experience, use folklore for the education of preschool children.
3. Studying the traditions of folk family education.
4. Development of a plan for working with children.
The main forms of work with children:
1. Direct educational activity.
2. Conversations, viewing pictures, illustrations, visual and didactic material.
3. Fun games, outdoor games, round dance games, dramatization games.
4. Acquaintance with fiction.
System of work with parents:
1. Creation of a mini-museum.
2. Round table discussion: "The role of the family in introducing children to Russian national culture."
3. Holding a joint exhibition "Do-it-yourself folk toys".
4. Consultations for parents: "On the traditions of Russian folk culture", "Russian samovar and tea drinking in Russia"
Mechanism for evaluating results:
Monitoring children's knowledge of the traditions and culture of the Russian people.
Topic of the lessonTasks
September
Creation of a mini-museum
Involvement of parents in the creation of a mini-museum.
Round table "The role of the family in introducing children to Russian national culture"
To acquaint parents with the content of the project, to arouse interest in this topic.
"My friendly family"
To form children's ideas about the family and its members. Form concepts: my home, my family.
October
"We are so different"
To form the ability to distinguish other children according to the characteristics of their appearance, behavior, habits.
November
"Dymkovo horse"
Introduce children to Russian folk art. Raise the desire to consider folk toys.
December
"The cat went to the market"
Acquaintance with Russian nursery rhymes.
January
"A miracle, a miracle Christmas!"
To educate children in love for Russian customs.
February
"Plenashka Doll"
To form in children an interest in the history and culture of the Russian people through the image of a traditional Russian doll.
March
"Meeting Maslenitsa"
Leisure. Give children knowledge about Russian folk holiday- Maslenitsa, traditions, folk games.
April
"Mushroom kingdom, berry state"
To consolidate knowledge about mushrooms and berries in the Russian forest.
May
"I also want to live"
Acquaintance of children with the Red Book.
Bibliography:
1. “Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture” by O.L. Knyazev, M.D. Makhanev.
2. "Folk calendar-the basis for planning work with preschoolers" S. R. Nikolaeva, I. B. Katysheva.
3. "Hoop" No. 5 2009
4. "Acquaintance of children with Russian folk art" T.A. Buranina, O.A. Markiva.
My friendly family
Tasks:
Educational: to form ideas of children about the family and its members. Form concepts: my home, my family.
Developing: develop speech, thinking, visual and auditory concentration, activity during a conversation.
Nurturing: cultivate love, respect, benevolent attitude towards their relatives.
Material: pictures depicting family members, a family tree depicting the whole family, a double-sided palm with sad and cheerful faces, a hedgehog toy.
Course progress.
Educator: Guys, listen, someone is knocking. Who is it that came to visit us?(Hedgehog enters)
Hedgehog: Hello guys! I brought you a letter, your address is written here. Here, take it.(Hands over to teacher)
Educator: Hello hedgehog! Thank you very much, come in, be our guest.
Hedgehog: No time for me, I still have a lot to do. I'll be sure to check it out next time guys!
All: Goodbye, hedgehog. Come visit us again.
Educator: Children, let's see what kind of letter the hedgehog brought us. Guys, this is a mystery! Now listen to the riddle:
She radiates light
A dimple from a smile ...
Nobody is more valuable
Than native…
Children: Mommy.
Educator: Well done guys, right!
(Exposes a picture of mother on a flannelograph).
Conversation (survey of 2-3 children):
How is your mother's name?
Who are you for mom?
What does your mother affectionately call you?
Educator: Wonderful! Now listen to the following riddle:
Guess who is it?
Kind, strong, clever, brave.
I'm waiting for your answer guys
Well done! Of course…
Children: Dad.
Educator: Well done guys, right!
(Exposes a picture of dad).
Conversation (survey of 2-3 children):
What name of your father?
Who are you to dad?
Educator: Great guys! Read the following riddle:
All economy: quinoa,
Yes Corydalis Ryabushka,
But cheesecakes always
We will be fed...
Children: Grandmother.
Educator: Well done guys, right!
(Exposes a picture of a grandmother).
Conversation (survey of 2-3 children):
What are you to grandma?
Educator: Well done! And here's another riddle:
Soak in warm milk
He's a piece of bread
Walks with a stick in his hand
Our beloved…
Children: Grandfather.
Educator: Yes guys, that's right!
(Exposes a picture of a grandfather).
Conversation (survey of 2-3 children):
Who are you to grandpa?
Educator: Great guys! You are all just smart.
(Exposes a picture of the whole family).
And all these people together are called by one word - Family. Guys, let's show our family on the palm of our hand.
Finger gymnastics"A family".
This finger is a grandfather
This finger is a grandmother,
This finger is dad
This finger is mom
And this finger is me,
That's my whole family.
(Palm with sad faces is exposed).
Educator: Oh guys. Something happened in this family. Look how sad they are. What do you think could happen?
Children: They quarreled.
Educator: What do you think we can do?
Children: We need to reconcile the family.
Educator: Of course, guys, the family needs to be reconciled!
Mobile game "Reconciled".
Bad mood in our family in the morning,
And that's why things don't go well in our family.
(head down, arms along the body, turns to the right, to the left)
Our grandfather has a backache all day,
(lean forward, hands behind back)
An old grandmother's head is spinning,
(circular head movements)
Daddy wanted to hammer a nail, suddenly hit on his finger
(banging fists against each other)
Mom's dinner burned down, we have a scandal in the family
(looks at open palms)
Let's reconcile them, you need to love your family.
Let's smile at each other and hold hands
(hold hands and smile at each other)
Let's all hug together and then make peace!
(The family was reconciled, we turn the palm over, the family smiles).
Educator: Guys, look, the whole family is smiling again, everything is fine with them, they have reconciled. Where do you think the family lives?
Children: In my house.
(Paper is superimposed on the palm White House, with windows for each finger).
Application "Beautiful house".
Educator: Guys, look how sad the house is. What do you think should be done to make the house cheerful and beautiful?(Children express their guesses). Let's decorate it and make it beautiful. The children and the teacher decorate the house.
Educator: Well done boys! Look how beautiful and festive the house turned out for the family. Let's tell a poem about the house for everyone.
Children and teacher:
Houses are different
Brick, frame.
With iron balconies;
There are even snow
Just like the real ones.
But the best is mine
I live in it
With my family.
Reflection.
Guys, who came to visit us?
Whom did we reconcile with you?
And for whom did we decorate the house so beautifully?
We are so different
Tasks:
1. Educational: to form a skillto distinguish other children by the features of their appearance,behavior,habits;
Correlate the objects of activity with the age of the child;
Use the elements of speech-evidence.
Developing: consolidate the words in speech: baby, child who goes to kindergarten (preschooler), student.
Nurturing: educate the ability to be considerate towards each other.
Material: ball, radio, toy bear; cards with the image of a baby, a preschooler, a schoolchild; cards with the image of a bottle with a pacifier, sliders, rattles, a ball, cars, cubes, a ruler, a briefcase, a pencil case.
Lesson progress
(There is a knock from behind the door)
Educator: Oh, someone came to us(a bear appears).
bear (the teacher beats her, holding a toy):
Hello guys!(children greet) . How many of you are here! You must have a lot of fun and interesting in the garden! I also want to go to kindergarten and play with you! Will you take me with you?(Yes). And now let's get acquainted. My name is Mishutka. And you?
Educator: Guys, get in a circle quickly. Pass the ball to each other and say your name.
Mishutka after meeting : Oh, how many different names, different faces! No, guys, I won't remember all of you! It would be nice if you were all the same, with the same names, voices, faces. Then it would be easier for me to remember you!
Educator: But in our kindergarten, all the children are different and we do not want everyone to be alike, like two drops of water! Why guys? Tell Mishutka what would happen if all children were the same?(Children's answers: parents and caregivers would not distinguish between us, and mother could not take away her child; the teacher would call one child, but everyone would come up; it would not be interesting to play with each other).
Bear: Okay, you've convinced me. Then I will try to remember you, and you will help me with this and, at the same time, check yourself how well you know each other.
Educator: Guys, stand in a circle, and you, Mishutka, stand next to me. Let's play the radio game. For example. Attention attention! A girl was lost in a blue dress, white tights, pink shoes on her feet, she loves porridge and always eats it all, etc.(the game continues until all the children are found).
Bear: What good fellows you are! Never made a mistake!
caregiver : Now you understand, Mishutka, how good it is when everyone is different: names, habits, and hairstyles? Life around becomes more interesting! Mishutka, do you know that children are big and small and they need miscellaneous items and toys? Let's go and see.
(Children come to the table where the cards are.)
Educator: We have a lot of different pictures on the table, look. This card shows a baby, a child who was born very recently. And this child that goes to kindergarten, he's older than a baby. And this is a student. And here are the cards on which various objects and toys are depicted. Now let's play the game "Who needs what?" You have to pick up objects and toys that are suitable for children of different ages.
(Children choose cards and correlate them with each other)
caregiver : You see, Mishutka, how the children coped with the game! Well done!
Bear: Okay, but can you distinguish each other by voice? After all, you are all different and you have different voices.
Educator: Now you will see! Guys, let's play the game "Guess who called?" Get in a circle(with the words “We drive, we dance, guess who is calling?” The children call the driver).
Educator: You see, Mishutka, it is interesting for us to play and study together, because we are all so different. Here are some!
Bear: Thank you guys, I learned a lot today. You are all so different, but I was very interested with you. Can I be friends with you?
Children and teacher: Of course, Mishutka, come visit us again.
Dymkovo horse
Tasks:
Educational: to teach children to feel harmony and beauty, expressiveness of images. Pay attention to the main colors and elements of the pattern that decorate the toys, arouse the desire to decorate the figurine.
Developing: develop a steady interest in folk toys, develop expressiveness of speech, develop Creative skills in children.
Nurturing: educate love for the Motherland, educate interest in folk art, feelings of patriotism, a sense of beauty
Material: houses with painted closed shutters - "the village of Dymkovo", in each house there is a Dymkovo toy; clay toys, stencils, materials for appliqué, audio recording of a folk melody.
Course progress.
Educator. Children, today we will visit the same village. The houses there are not the same as we have in the city, but wooden, patterned, carved. This village is located on the banks of the Vyatka River. This village is unusual, it is called Dymkovo. And in winter, when stoves are heated, and in summer on cloudy rainy days, and when there is fog, the whole village seems to be in a haze. That is why they called it Dymkovo.
Snow falls softly
Blue smoke curls
Smoke comes out of the chimneys
As if in a haze all around
Blue gave.
And a big village
Dymkovo was nicknamed.
Educator. Unusual clay toys appeared here in ancient times. They were unlike other toys because they were made from clay. From a small piece, from a ball, it turned out either a duck, or a cockerel, or a horse.
Here we are with you and see who lives in these wonderful houses. Right now it is early morning, the lights in the houses are lit, they are already visible from afar.(The teacher offers to come closer to the houses, look into the windows, find a toy, examine it).
Here is a smart turkey, he is all right!
The big turkey has all painted sides.
Educator. Do you like turkey? Why is he handsome? What pattern is the toy decorated with(Circles, ovals, lines, dots). What colors were used by craftsmen who prepared the toy?(The teacher draws the attention of children to geometric patterns, notes brightness, color. Then he introduces children to other inhabitants of the village of Dymkovo).
Behind the icy water, the water carrier is a young woman
As the swan swims, it carries red buckets.
(Children are examining the water-carrier, the Teacher offers to note what they liked about it, why it is called that. Gives the task: take a yoke with buckets on your shoulder and walk beautifully, proudly, smoothly to the music).
Sings with overflowing
In the morning wake up all the people.
golden scallop
proudly wears (cockerel)
***
Very slim and handsome
With bangs and fluffy mane.
Can swim and jump.
Eats oats, knows how to laugh.
Jump into water and fire
Faithful to man (horse)
Educator. In the old days, both children and adults were very fond of riding a carousel. Do you want to ride?(Children choose any toy they like and ride with their pet on a multi-colored carousel (multi-colored ribbons are tied on a small pole); each child holds the tip of the ribbon in his hand, the children walk, then easily run in a circle to the music).
Barely, barely, barely
The carousels started spinning.
And then, then, then
Everyone run, run, run.
Hush, hush, don't rush
Stop the carousel.
Educator. Did you know that the Dymkovo toy is bought not only for children, but also for adults as a gift as a souvenir - it is so beautiful, unusual? There is a special workshop for making Dymkovo toys. Do you want to be masters - craftsmen in this workshop(The teacher invites the children to make an applique from ready-made patterns using horse stencils).
What wonderful horses turned out: bright, beautiful! The village of Dymkovo falls asleep, the lights in the houses go out, evening comes. It's time for us to return to kindergarten.
The cat went to the market
Tasks:
Educational: introduce children to the folk amusement: “The cat went to the market ...”, improve the ability to understand questions and answer them.
Developing: introduce children to poetry, develop a poetic ear.
Nurturing: educate interest in oral folk art.
Material: Cat soft toy, grocery basket (toy), Mmlyazhi products (tomato, cheese, sausage, egg, orange), illustration for nursery rhyme;
Course progress.
Sounds like a meowing cat.
Educator. Guys, whose voice do you hear?Children's answers.
Correctly. This is a cat voice.
Where is the cat? Here is a cat! His name is Murzik.
What is the cat's name? (answer 2-3 children)
Murzik has a basket, let's see what's in it?
Game exercise: "Name the object." (We speak with the children all the items in the basket, summarize with the word “Products”).
Fizminutka:
Like our guys
Feet thumping merrily
Top - top - top,
Top-top-top!
And tired legs
We clap our hands
Clap - clap - clap,
Clap-clap-clap!
Are our legs tired?
Let's sit down for a bit!
Educator. And now I will read you a joke:
The cat went to the market,
I bought a cat pie.
The cat went to the street
I bought a bun for a cat.
Whether to eat
Or take down Borenka?
I'll bite myself
Yes, I'll take Borenka too.
Fun conversation with children:
Educator. Where did the cat go?(children's answers)
What did you buy? (children's answers)
Where did you buy the bun?(children's answers)
With whom did you share?(children's answers)
Well done cat, knows how to share, do you want to play with him?(children's answers)
Let the children play with the toy, take them out of the lesson.
Miracle, miracle Christmas
Tasks:
Educational: expand and deepen children's ideas about ancient Russian customs; expand knowledge about the holiday of Christmas; learn a new carol; enrich vocabulary nouns (magi, frankincense, myrrh).
Developing: develop speech, attention, memory, thinking, positive emotions, sensitivity to the native language.
Nurturing: to cultivate respect, interest in Russian traditions, in Russian folklore, a sense of collectivism.
Course progress.
Bells are ringing (audio recording).
Educator. Guys, today I invite you to feel the joy of Christmas!
Christmas haze all around
Bells ring in the darkness
And with them the words sound in harmony:
"Peace on earth and happiness to all!"
- There is no other holiday of love and light in the world that unites all people. Everywhere where people who believe in Christ live, this day is celebrated, both children and adults look forward to it every year.
- Guys, do any of you know what kind of holiday it is - Christmas? What do we celebrate on this day?(Birth of the Christ child)
- That's right, guys! Now we will scroll the magic wheel of history 3 times, and it will tell us a lot of new and interesting things about the holiday! And the wheel of history will be an old Russian spinning wheel.
- Guys, you need to twist and pronounce the magic words: “One, two, three, spinning wheel, help! »
- Who wants to help me turn the wheel of history?
The teacher, together with the child, spins the spinning wheel, pronouncing the magic words.
Educator. Oh look! The spinning wheel gave us a ball! Let's see where he goes.
Examination of the book "Christmas" with three-dimensional pictures.
Educator. Yes, this is the city of Bethlehem! The city where Christ was born. And here is the cave in which animals were hiding from the weather: an ox and a donkey - they warmed the baby with their warm breath. The nursery, in which the animals were fed, became the first cradle of the baby. After the birth of Jesus, the first of the people to bow to him were the shepherds, informed of this event by the appearance of an angel. A wonderful star appeared in the sky, which led the magi to the baby Jesus. She shone over his cave, showing the way.
- Who are the Magi? These are the sages. They presented Christ with royal gifts - gold, frankincense and myrrh.(Myrrh is a fragrant substance that is extracted from a tree. Frankincense is a fragrant tree resin) .
- Guys, what Russian traditions of celebrating Christmas do you know? (Caroling, visiting and inviting guests to their place, people weave a Christmas wreath from fir branches, begin winter fun, at night on the eve of the holiday, believers go to the temple for service).
- As soon as the first day of the holiday came, Christmas time began in Russia, the first mummers appeared on the streets - children, and then adults. Guys and girls dressed up in animals - a goat, a bear, in shepherds. In groups they went from house to house, congratulated on the holiday, wished the best with special carol songs. We will now learn one of these carols. Here listen:
carol, carol,
Give me the pie
Pancakes and sweets
For the joy of children!
- I invite you guys to start Christmas festivities!
- Let's play the Golden Gate game.
Children are divided into 2 teams. One team joins hands and says the words:
Golden Gate
They don't always open.
Saying goodbye for the first time
The second time is forbidden
And for the third time -
We won't miss you!
At this time, the second team moves "snake" one after another. On the last words children give up and those who remain in the circle become in a round dance, the rest continue to play .
Educator. Guys, let's again ask the magic ball and spinning wheel to help us and show the way to the festive table. Sit on your chairs and get ready to say the magic words.
- Oh, something is not spinning the wheel! Guys, the ball tells me what to say that you learned something new in the lesson, what do you remember?(children's answers)
Now let's try again:
One, two, three, spinning wheel, help!
- And here is the festive table, let's go to it and have a tea party with sweets!
Doll Pelenashka
Tasks:
Educational: to consolidate children's knowledge about the folk rag doll; teach children how to make a folk doll Pelenashka.
Developing: Develop creative imagination, aesthetic taste, arouse interest in the manufacture of folk dolls
Nurturing: To cultivate sincere feelings of love for the Motherland, a propensity for work, respect for Russian culture
Material: items of Russian life - a chest, a towel, wooden utensils, nesting dolls, rag dolls; a knot with ribbons and shreds of fabric for making dolls; toy Brownie Kuzya.
Lesson progress
Educator: Hello children! Come visit me! Look how beautiful my room is. So many interesting things here. This room is called the upper room.
In the old days in Russia, as the peasants finished all the work in the fields, they gathered in a spacious hut for gatherings, where they sang songs, danced round dances and played games, made various toys, embroidered, weaved lace and made dolls from shreds of fabric. The dolls were different. They were made by adults and older children. And there are rag dolls in my room. Let's take a look at them.
Dolls are different: amulet dolls protected and saved a person from dangers, play dolls - children played with these dolls, ritual dolls - these dolls were placed in a prominent place in the hut, rituals were performed with them.
Look, all dolls have no eyes, nose, mouth. They are faceless. What does it mean?
Children: They are faceless.
Educator: They were made faceless on purpose. It was believed that evil forces could not move into such dolls and harm a person.
Oh guys, we forgot to tell you about one more doll. Hear who's crying?
Children: This little baby is crying.(The teacher and the children approach the cradle where the Swaddle lies).
Educator: We didn't talk about this doll. She is called Pelenashka, a charm doll, she protects small children from everything bad.
Excuse us, doll, that we forgot about you. Guys, what can we do so that the doll does not cry?
Children: We can take pity on her, shake her.
Educator: And can we make the same diaper dolls for her, so that she would not be sad?
Children: Yes we can.
Educator: Well then, get to work. Now we are going to make diaper dolls.(The teacher approaches the table, where there are shreds of fabric, threads) . Oh, there are not all shreds and ribbons. Maybe they got lost? And the magic knot was gone.(The teacher is looking for a bundle) . Nowhere, what to do?(Kuzya comes in with a bundle in his hands) .
Kuzya. Hello, I'm a brownie Kuzma, I guard the house, and I like order in everything. Is this your bundle?
Educator: Yes, mine, I lost it.
Kuzya: (gives a bundle to the teacher) Take it, lose no more. And what lies there?
Educator: I'll show you now(unties the knot, puts the pieces of fabric and ribbon on the table) .
Kuzya: Rags, ribbons, why do you need it?
Educator: Kuzenka, and now the guys and I will make dolls from fabric. Stay with us and we will teach you.
Kuzya: I will gladly stay.
Educator: And now Kuzenka, help me, while I tell the children how to make dolls, you lay out the ribbons and shreds on the table.
And you guys, look and listen to how we will make a doll.
I take a strip of white fabric, fold it in half and roll it tightly into a roller. I tightly pull the roller with a red thread, because the red color is protective, protective. Then I put on a scarf on the roller. Now I wrap the roller in a diaper and wrap it with a ribbon. The diaper is ready.
Well, now you tell me where you will start the work(children tell the procedure for making a doll).
Well done, you remember everything. Get in and get to work(in the course of work, the teacher approaches the children, helps).
Guys, show me your dolls.
Kuzya: What beautiful dolls turned out, well done. And I, too, did not lag behind you, look at what kind of doll I have.
Educator: Well done Kuzya. Did a good job. Guys, repeat again what the dolls are called.
Children: Swaddles.
Educator: Well done, you've done a great job! Well, now you can rest. Let's sing a lullaby for our dolls, shake them.(Children after singing the song put the dolls in the cradle).
Guys, look. Swaddling is no longer crying, why?
Children: Because we made her a lot of girlfriends and sang a lullaby.
Kuzya: It's good for you, but it's time for me to go home. Goodbye!(Kuzya leaves).
Educator: Guys, did you like visiting me?
Children: Yes, I liked it, I learned a lot of interesting things.
Entertainment for children "Meeting Maslenitsa"
Tasks:
Educational: introduce children to the traditions of the Russian people, continue to acquaint children with various genres of oral folk art.
Developing: to promote the development of friendly relationships between parents, children and educators.
Nurturing: to cultivate love for Russian folk traditions, to involve parents in the life of the kindergarten.
Material: costumes of Skomorokh, Baba Yaga, Shrovetide, Bear for adults, audio recordings of the songs “If there was no winter”, “White snowflakes”, “Dancing”, a rope, a dish of pancakes.
buffoon : I am a cheerful buffoon,
I walk all over the world
All on light know,
I came to you to have fun and have fun,
Meet the Maslenitsa holiday!
Guys, do you know what holiday is today? It's called Shrovetide. In late February or early March, Maslenitsa has long been celebrated in Russia - the holiday of the end of winter and the welcome of spring. Today we are seeing off the winter.
You are winter-winter
All roads covered
All roads, all paths
No drive, no pass!
We'll all go in circles
Let's dance and sing together!
Round dance to the song "If there was no winter"
buffoon : We open Shrove Tuesday, the fun begins! Meet Maslenitsa is coming!
Under musicBaba Yaga rides on a horse.
Baba Yaga : Here I am! Hello guys!
What are you laughing like foals?
I have been appointed Shrovetide!
Cheer up, praise me!
buffoon : Some kind of strange Maslenitsa we have, something is wrong here! Can we drive her away?
Baba Yaga : Do you want to drive Shrove Tuesday?
This is not for you to chew bagels!
Even though I'm retired
And I don't go to work
And to be strong and dexterous,
I'm doing a workout!
Who can compete with me?
Let's compete now...
Game - competition "Tug of war"
Baba Yaga: And now - a game, not entertainment,
A game with a sporting value,
Jump as high as you can
You can jump over the roof!
Children jump in place and scattered
buffoon : Interesting, this is the first time I see such a Maslenitsa. Some strange, untidy ...
Baba Yaga: Dget off me, you're tired!
I call Shrove Tuesday, I come to you for a week.
I brought a lot of dirty tricks, a whole basket of bad things!
Oh what am I?
Brought pancakes and sweets
A whole basket of joys.
buffoon : Guys, look, it's Baba Yaga in disguise!
What are you watching, friends, we can not hesitate!
We are surrounding Grandma Ezhka, we know something about her!
The outdoor game "Grandma Ezhka" is being held
Children stand in a circle, hold hands. "Grandma-Hedgehog" stands in the middle of the circle. Children begin to tease "Grandma-Hedgehog":
- Grandmother-Hedgehog, bone leg.
She stoked the stove, cooked her leg,
Went out on the porch
Ate a man.
And then he says
Grandmother Yozhka : "My stomach hurts."
And he begins to twist the broom in a circle above the ground. Children must jump so that the "Grandmother-Hedgehog" does not hit them with a broom.
buffoon : Go away, Shrove Tuesday! We need a real one!
Baba Yaga: Do not drive me away, I will no longer be mischievous! Can I stay with you to have fun, to meet Maslenitsa!
buffoon : Well, guys, let's allow Baba Yaga to stay on our holiday? Well, stay, just be good! Come on, guys, let's all call the real Maslenitsa together:
Maslenitsa-wryneck,
We welcome you well:
Let's have fun and play
Let's sing songs loudly!
Hurry up to us
Bring the red spring
Take away the fierce winter from us!
Carnival comes to the music .
Pancake week
: Hello kids!
girls and boys!
Thank you for calling.
Our holiday is great
We are not allowed to stand
Sit in a sledge together,
Ride along the track!
The game "Sanochki" is being held
Pancake week : Guys, I didn’t come to you alone, I brought Mishka Toptyzhka with me. He slept in his lair all winter, and now he has woken up and wants to play with you.
An outdoor game "At the bear in the forest" is being held
Bear: I am a clubfoot bear, I beckon the children with my paw.
I invite you to play, to dance in the clearing.
Round dance to a spring song
buffoon : Wide Maslenitsa,
We praise you
We ride on the mountains
We eat pancakes.
Like Shrove Week
Pancakes flew out of the oven.
Maslenitsa, treat,
Give everyone pancakes.
Pancake week : I brought you ruddy, hot, tasty pancakes, only it's cold outside, pancakes are waiting for you in groups, guys.
I had a lot of fun
I loved all the guys
But it's time to say goodbye
What to do, things are waiting!
Maslenitsa leaves
buffoon : It's time for us to say goodbye to Maslenitsa, which means the end of Winter!
Go away, winter! Come spring!
Farewell winter! Farewell, Shrovetide!
Let's go to the group to eat pancakes!
Mushroom kingdom, berry state
Tasks:
Educational: consolidate knowledge about mushrooms and berries, features of appearance, places of growth.
Developing: to activate vocabulary on the topic; develop attention, thinking, visual perception; development of general and fine motor skills, coordination of speech with movement.
Nurturing: bring up careful attitude to environment; develop curiosity.
Lesson progress:
Educator: Guys, you know that our earth we live on is round. The earth revolves around the sun and therefore the seasons have their own sequence. After winter comes spring, then summer, then autumn.
The game is held all year round. Children stand in a circle, take turns “slapping” the names of the seasons, following the sequence.
Educator: Today we are going to the forest.
We walked into the forest, walked, came to the clearing.
Hello dense forest, full of fairy tales and wonders...
Meets Lesovichok with a basket of mushrooms and berries.
Lesovichok: Mushrooms are unusual plants, they have no branches, no leaves, no flowers.(looking at the picture). What do mushrooms have? Leg, hat, mushroom roots. Fungi reproduce by spores. Spores are small particles that hide in mushroom caps. When the mushrooms mature, the spores fall to the ground. Young mushrooms grow from spores. Mushrooms get water and nutrients from the ground through the roots - strings. People who go to the forest for mushrooms are called mushroom pickers. edible mushrooms very tasty and healthy. They can be boiled, fried, marinated, dried.
- Each mushroom has its own house where it grows. Boletus mushroom grows in pine and spruce forest. They grow up in families. AT pine forest butterflies grow, the hat of the butter dish is slippery, as if greased with oil.
What mushroom did we find under the aspen? Which one is under the birch?(children's answers)
But in the thick grass grew chanterelles - red chanterelles. Hey, what is this miracle stump? All strewn with mushrooms. These are mushrooms, they grow in large families on stumps.
- In the clearing we saw a beautiful mushroom: red with white spots. This is fly agaric. When the fly agaric grows old, the edges of its cap will turn up and it will turn into a saucer. It will rain, there will be water in the saucer. Not simple - poisonous. A fly will drink this water and die. Therefore, they call him Amanita.
Finger gymnastics "For mushrooms".
Top top. Five steps, there are five mushrooms in the box.
Amanita muscaria is a dangerous mushroom.
And the second is a fox, a red-haired sister
The third mushroom is a wave, a pink ear.
And the fourth mushroom is morel, a bearded fat man.
The fifth mushroom is white, eat it boldly.
"Riddles-Riddles".
Lesovichok arranges pictures of mushrooms on the flannelgraph.
Listen to my riddles and name rather guesses.
This mushroom lives under the spruce, under its huge shadow.
Wise bearded old man, resident of the forest - ... (boletus)
***
I am growing in a red cap among aspen roots.
You will see me a mile away - I'm called - ... (boletus)
***
The brothers are sitting on the stump. All - freckled rascals.
These friendly guys are called ... (honey mushrooms)
***
In the forest, to the delight of people, among young pines,
A fungus grows in a shiny dark hat ... (oil can)
In thin dresses at the edge, girlfriends lead a round dance.
Dresses - striped silk: red, white, pink, satin.
On an autumn day at the edge of the forest, how beautiful you are ... (waves)
***
They wear red-haired berets, they bring autumn to the forest in summer.
Very friendly sisters - golden ... (chanterelles)
***
Near the forest on the edge, decorating the dark forest,
Grew motley, like Parsley, poisonous ... (fly agaric)
Fizminutka "Raspberry".
- And now I invite you to raspberries.(To the music, the children stand in a circle, sing a song and perform movements according to the text of the song).
Berries are small juicy fruits of shrubs and herbaceous plants (pictures of berries are placed on the flannelgraph). What do berries have? Root, stem, leaves and fruit. Strawberries love a lot of light, so they can be found in sunny clearings. Lingonberries are harvested on dried marsh hummocks. Cranberries grow in the swamp.
Small children sit under the leaf on each branch.
The one who picks up the kids
The hands will be smeared and the mouth. (Blueberry)
***
We'll bend down to the ground
To fill boxes.
We move the stems -
Collecting lights. (Strawberry)
***
I'm red and sour
She grew up in a swamp.
Ripe under the snow
Well, who knows me? (Cranberry)
***
Red beads hang
They are looking at us from the bushes.
Love these beads
Children, bees and bears. (Raspberry) .
And so our trip to the forest came to an end. I give you my box. We collected a lot of berries and mushrooms here. Come visit the forest. But remember simple rules picking berries and mushrooms.
- do not pick, do not trample on poisonous mushrooms - forest dwellers need them.
- cut the mushrooms carefully so as not to damage the mycelium.
- do not pull out the bushes of berries.
- collect only familiar berries and mushrooms.
I want to live too
Tasks:
Educational: Introduce children to the Red Book, protected plants and animals.
Developing: To give children an idea that people, poorly knowing nature, have killed many plants and animals, that as a result of the deterioration of the ecological situation in nature, wild animals continue to die on our planet.
Nurturing: cultivate love for nature and native land.
Vocabulary work:
Red Book, reserve, mycelium, fry.
Lesson progress:
caregiver : Guys, in our country there are a lot of different plants and animals. Among them there are those of which there are very few left. That's what they call rare. Rare animals and plants in our country, and in other countries too, are protected by law. But unkind people often break this law. Man is often very cruel to plants and animals. Very often people do not spare them, destroy them for their own purposes. Some creatures suffer because of beautiful fur, others because of tasty meat and still others because people are afraid of them. Gradually, plants and animals remain less and less.
People thought: how to stop this disgrace, to prevent the disappearance of a single living being.
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet.
And so the scientists decided to publish the Red Book. But why red and not some other color? Because red is the color of danger! Attention! It's like a red traffic light warning "Caution! Trouble might happen. This is what the Red Book of Russia looks like(Show).
It tells which animals and plants are in danger.
Take a look at these pictures.(Show). They depict animals, birds, insects that need protection. There are few of them left in Russia.
In the old days, people wisely used the gifts of nature. They never killed females and cubs, released young fish and fish with eggs from the nets, cut down only old and diseased trees.
Unfortunately, nowadays people have forgotten about these good traditions ancestors.
But the wonderful thing is that a person knows how to correct his mistakes. In addition to the Red Book, people came up with nature reserves. What is a reserve? The reserve is a place where nature has the right to live according to its own laws. And a person does not interfere with them, occasionally comes to this place as a guest. Everything is protected in the reserve: herbs, mushrooms, birds, fish and all living things. What do you think, is it only necessary to protect nature in nature reserves? (Answers of children). That's right, you need to protect nature in any place. Let's remember the rules of nature conservation.
1. In nature, remember what you see.
2. Walk along the paths.
3. Do not break tree branches.
4. Do not trample on flowers, herbs.
5. Do not shout, do not turn on loud music.
6. Do not climb into bird nests.
7. Do not catch insects.
8. Do not destroy mycelium.
9. Do not catch fry and frogs.
10. Do not tear cobwebs.
11. Do not leave unextinguished fires.
12. Do not ruin anthills.
How can we help rare plants and animals?(Answers of children). Let us ourselves never offend them ourselves and let them not be offended by others. We will tell everyone we know about defenseless plants and flowers.
Is on the ground huge house
Under a blue roof
Sun, rain and thunder live in it,
Forest and sea surf.
Birds and flowers live in it,
Cheerful sound of the stream.
You live in that bright house.
And all your friends.
Wherever the roads lead,
You will always be in it.
nature native land
This house is called.
Please tell us what new things we learned today(children's answers) .
