Bibabo is the simplest doll, consisting of a head and a dress in the form of a glove. The head has a hole for forefinger, and big and middle finger serve for gesticulation with the doll's hands. Such a doll determined the fate of Sergei Obraztsov, who writes in his memoirs: Mom gave me a little funny doll. This Bibabo doll was called and consisted of a celluloid head and a blue dressing gown that was put on the hand like a glove ... Everything Bibabo did was funny and a little touching. I both loved him and pitied him, as the children of little kittens love and pitied him. I even took him for a walk with me, and he stuck out in the sleeve of my short fur coat, examining passers-by, a policeman, children on Chistoprudny Boulevard or a shop window ... Is it because the sky is blue, and the earth is my lover in this festive cleaning, I give you poems, funny, like a bibabo and sharp and necessary, like toothpicks! (Vladimir Mayakovsky)
Palm theater on plates Masks-mittens. The theater is made from disposable paper plates. colorized watercolor paints, covered with colorless varnish.
Tantamaresque Theater Tantamaresque is a stand with a bright pattern that contains a funny story, and holes are cut in place of the heads of the characters. Characters are given interesting poses, you can place them on the background fairyland or outer space, it depends on your imagination. Tantamaresque is a puppet with the help of which facial expressions, emotional expressiveness of speech and gestures, expressiveness of movements are practiced.
1. Acquaintance with the theater doll Bi-ba-bo and theatrical games. 2. Simulation games. 3. Working out the main emotions. First junior group
Consistent acquaintance with the types of theaters, the basics acting skills. 1. Games-imitations of individual actions of a person, animals and birds. 2. Game-imitation of well-known images fairy tale characters. 3. Game-improvisation to music. 4. One-dark wordless improvisation game with one character based on the texts of poems and jokes. Second junior group
5. Game-improvisation based on texts short stories, stories, poems. 6. Role dialogue of the heroes of fairy tales. 7. Staging fragments of fairy tales about animals. 8. Single theme improv game with multiple characters folk tales and original texts.
Puppet theater should be combined with theatrical play. 1. Multi-character dramatization games based on the texts of two-three-part fairy tales about animals and fairy tales. 2. Dramatization games based on the texts of stories on the topics "Children and their games", "Guys and animals", "Adult labor". 3. Staging a play based on the work. middle group
4. Acquaintance with facial expressions and pantomime. 5. Theater performances based on poetic and prose works(S. Marshak "The Tale of stupid little mouse”, K. Chukovsky “Confusion”). 6. Finger theater in independent activity (“We lived with a grandmother”, S. Mikhalkov “Kittens”, L. Zubkova “We shared an orange”)
Senior group In the older group, all children actively participate in theatrical games and dramatizations. 1. Children are already available independent productions performances, including those based on a "collage" of several literary works. 2. Cool puppets, puppets with a live hand are added. 3. Russian folk tales-fables about animals are used.
In the preparatory group, theatrical games are distinguished by the more complex characters of the characters, the mise-en-scenes (the location of the actors on the stage) that are difficult to develop. Develop skills to perform the same actions in different situations, circumstances and in different ways. Goodwill and sociability are brought up in communication with peers. Children learn to respond appropriately to the behavior of partners. Children compose etudes with imagined circumstances. preparatory group
View puppet shows and conversations on them; Dramatization games; Exercises for social and emotional development; Correctional and educational games; Diction exercises (articulatory gymnastics); Tasks for the development of speech intonation expressiveness; Transformation games (“learn to control your body”), figurative exercises; Exercises for the development of children's plasticity; The content of classes on theatrical activities
Rhythmic minutes (logorhythmics); Finger game training for the development of hand motor skills, necessary for puppetry; Exercises for the development of expressive facial expressions, elements of the art of pantomime; Theatrical sketches; Separate ethics exercises during dramatizations; Preparation (rehearsals) and acting out various fairy tales and dramatizations;
Acquaintance not only with the text of a fairy tale, but also with the means of its dramatization - gesture, facial expressions, movement, costume, scenery (props), mise-en-scene, etc. One of the conditions for the successful mastering of theatrical activities by children, improving speech is effective interaction with parents. Thus, a theatrical game has an impact on the development of coherent speech in children if it arouses interest and desire to join the game, and age and individual abilities are also taken into account.
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Theater for a child is always a holiday, bright, unforgettable impressions. Expression " fairy world childhood" are not empty words. In the life of a child there is a fairy tale with its own good heroes, transformations and magic items. The fairy tale is close and understandable to children, and they find the embodiment of fantasies and a reflection of their worldview in the theater. To ensure joint and independent theatrical activities of children in groups, "Theatrical Corners" were created. In order to realize the individual interests, inclinations and needs of preschoolers, the subject-spatial environment should ensure the right and freedom of choice for each child to favorite hobby or theatricalization of your favorite work. Therefore, we, teachers, together with parents tried to create different kinds theaters, which we bring to your attention.
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The first junior group The development of children's interest in theatrical and gaming activities begins from an early age, when simple varieties of theaters help in conveying the image, the ability to express it through movement and word. Engage your child in the world theatrical play it is possible for the child to participate in a mini-performance, in every possible way supporting his very insignificant successes. For this, it is necessary special types theater for kids.
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There is finger theater(when each doll is put on a finger); rubber dolls (presented as rubber toys); table theater (characters, as well as some attributes of a fairy tale, a hut, trees, etc., are presented in the form of wooden figures). also in theater corner there is a theater of masks and various caps with the image of characters. .
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Second junior group In the second junior group the ability to use some means of expression (facial expressions, gestures, movements, strength and timbre of voice, rate of speech) is formed. These means are used to convey the image of the hero, his emotions and experiences. Gradually, children are included in the process of playing communication with theatrical puppets, figurines of fairy-tale characters.
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In this age group there are such types of theater as table-cone theater, theater on flannelgraph, theater on glasses and perhaps the most mysterious and interesting - shadow theater. Puppet theater on the table - contributes to the possession of the technique of controlling table theater puppets (dolls made of paper cones, cylinders, boxes, toys made of fabric, fur, foam rubber) shadows "is considered one of the most conditional theaters. It does not have any colors that scatter attention, relief, so the attention of the child-spectator is not scattered on the multiple and heterogeneous features of the object, but is focused only on its shape and movement. That is why it is accessible and well perceived children.
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Middle group The child gradually moves: from the game "for himself" to the game, focused on the viewer; the simplest fairy tales are dramatized using a table theater. The gaming experience of children is expanding through the development of a theatrical game, different types of table theater: soft toys, knitted or conical and planar figures.
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The theaters of riding puppets, the theater on sticks, the theater of spoons are available to children. Children get acquainted with the theatrical screen, the basics of puppetry Finger theater is more often used in independent activities based on familiar poems and nursery rhymes
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Senior group Children continue to improve their performing skills. The child becomes available to independent productions of performances. The experience of director's play is enriched by puppets, puppets "with a living hand". Used mask theater, theater on spoons, theater on sticks...
DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY OF DONETSK
MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
"YASLI-GARDEN № 303 OF THE CITY OF DONETSK"
Toolkit for the center of theatrical games
Fairy tale with your own hands
Goncharova Inna Anatolyevna, teacher
Donetsk 2016
Introduction
Creative activity and development creativity human is component socio-economic and spiritual directions of the modern social structure. The word "creativity" in the social sense means to look for, to depict something that has not been encountered in past experience, individual and social. Creative activity is an activity that gives birth to something new; free art to create a new product that carries a reflection of the personal "I".
Children's creativity is one of the urgent problems of preschool pedagogy and child psychology. It was studied by L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, JI. I. Venger, N. A. Vetlugina, B. M. Teplov, O. M. Dyachenko, A. I. Volkov and many others. creative personality.
Theatrical activity- this is the most common type children's creativity. It is close and understandable to the child, lies deep in his nature and is reflected spontaneously, because it is connected with the game. The child wants to translate any of his inventions, impressions from the life around him into living images and actions. Entering the character, he plays any role, trying to imitate what he saw and what interested him, and getting great emotional pleasure.
There are quite a few types of children's theater, and they all help the child together:
Build the right behavior for modern world;
Boost common culture to introduce the child to spiritual values;
Introduce him to children's literature, music, fine arts, rules of etiquette, rituals, traditions, instill a steady interest;
To improve the skill of embodying certain experiences in the game, to encourage the creation of new images, to encourage thinking.
Main part
Organization of the theater in kindergarten
What types of theaters in kindergarten can be organized? IN pedagogical literature it is proposed to carry out such activities with preschoolers as: table theater; bench; riding; wrist; floor; live puppet theatre. In turn, each of these species is divided into subspecies. stand theater A poster theater is a surface on which figures-characters and scenery are attached. This type includes: Theater on a flannelograph (a board covered with cloth). To organize this type of activity, you will need an industrial or self-made flannelograph and figurines-characters of the selected artwork, on which it is necessary with reverse side attach Velcro. Thus, as the plot develops, the child is invited to attach the necessary figures to the flannelgraph. Magnetic is, in fact, the same as the previous view, only a metal board is used, and magnetic strips are attached to the figures instead of Velcro. The basis and, accordingly, the characters of such a theater are of very different sizes: from a small table version to a full-fledged screen for an auditorium or music hall. shadow theater in gardens - the most mysterious and unusual for the perception of children, preschoolers enthusiastically participate in such a game. To organize this type of theater, you will need a screen (vertically stretched white fabric), a lantern or table lamp (depending on the size of the screen), and black cardboard figures. Instead of toy characters, shadows can be created directly with the hand and fingers. This view is called "theater of living shadows."
table theater The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - gaming activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters should be small in order to be able to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What is the table theater in kindergarten: Paper (cardboard). Often such a finished theater can be found in any children's magazine- you just need to cut and assemble all the necessary details and you can start the performance. Magnetic is a metal board with magnets - the characters of a fairy tale. theater from natural material, for example, cones, chestnuts, acorns, etc. It is convenient to place such characters in a box of sand. " Wrist" theater This type includes theatrical activities, which require attributes such as finger puppets or toys - "gloves". There are the following "wrist" types of theaters in kindergarten: finger; glove. What is needed in order to organize such a theatrical activity? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But pupils can also take an active part in the creation of characters. For example, finger puppets can be made from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls, and other materials. "Glove puppets" can be made, for example, from mittens or socks, sewn to the base necessary elements(face, hands, clothes, etc.). It is important to note that the finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children's speech
horse theater What is a horse theatre? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers in the 16th century. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types: In the cane theater, puppets are used, which, respectively, are fixed on a high cane, and the person who controls the characters is hidden behind a screen. The theater "Bee-ba-bo" is gaining great popularity. In principle, this is the same “glove” one, since the dolls are put on the hand. The only difference is that it is used high screen and thus the characters are shown to the audience at a level above the puppeteer's height. No less interesting is the theater of spoons in kindergarten. Attributes for such gaming activities are very easy to make on your own. For this you need a wooden spoon. The face of the character is drawn on its convex part, and clothes are put on the handle fairy tale hero. During staging children's play little puppeteers hold characters from spoons by the handle.
floor theater The floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is held in kindergartens infrequently. But it is the puppet theater that causes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since the kids do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, the children imagine that the toys "came to life" themselves. It is this element of "miracle", "fairy tale" that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.
Live Puppet Theater But more often than others, a "live" puppet show in kindergarten. Such activities can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the world around us, the study foreign language as well as during leisure time. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to some holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or the New Year. Distinguish the following types described game activity: mask theater; giant puppet theatre. The latter is carried out most often as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are performed either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators. Then like a theater masks fit for children of any age. Even the smallest pupils have the opportunity to "reincarnate" in the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell the story that the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for the parents. Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, in classes for artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities. In order to organize a theatrical activity with preschoolers, various attributes will be required, including masks, puppets, and scenery. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But, by offering the kids to make the necessary equipment for theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify educational process preschoolers, increase motivation for labor activity but also to realize the main educational and educational goals. What can you make a theater for preschoolers from? For most species, this creative activity theater screen needed. Kindergarten usually has the specified inventory either in the playroom or in music hall. But in the absence of a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself. The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch a thick fabric in the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is cut out in the material, or an indent is made from above to accommodate the characters. Screen for finger theater. To organize a finger theater, you need a small screen. Therefore, you can make the specified attribute from cardboard boxes at the bottom of which you need to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically designed. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can arrange it in the form of a forest clearing, place a “house on the edge”. Dolls for the theater in the preschool educational institution from improvised materials Preschoolers really like to make their own from unusual materials puppet characters for theatrical games. From what can such attributes be made? Educator, practitioner creativity in his work, he is able to make figurines from the most unexpected materials. For example, a paper theater is the simplest and most fast way homemade characters. You can also use wooden sticks from ice cream, pasting them with felt, foil, colored self-adhesive film. Materials for the manufacture of puppet theater characters: cardboard, making two holes for fingers in the lower part; matchboxes; tennis balls; balloons; disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons; socks, mittens, gloves; plastic bottles; natural material, etc. Thus, it is possible to organize different types theaters in kindergarten. It is important for the teacher, when planning such activities, to take into account age and individual characteristics pupils and their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also methodically correctly think over the preparatory and final stages work with children. The efficiency depends on these factors. pedagogical work with preschoolers in general.
Practical part
The childhood of each of us passes in the world role playing which help the child learn the rules and laws of adults. Each child plays in his own way, but they all copy adults, favorite characters in their games, try to be like them. Children's games can be seen as improvised theatrical performances. The child is given the opportunity to play the role of an actor, director, decorator, props, musician. The production of props, scenery, costumes gives rise to the fine and technical creativity of children. Children draw, sculpt, sew, and all these activities acquire meaning and purpose as part of a common idea that excites children.
To organize such creative process the area of theatrical activity is used. It is located in a well-lit area next to the music and book corners. 
toys for table theater can be made of paper and cardboard. These flat toys are glued together from two parts and placed on wooden, plastic or cardboard stands. These are toys on a cone, a cylinder and a disk (our little innovation in the table theater). The image is pasted on the finished model. If use flat images, then you get a theater of pictures.
Very interesting finger theater. It can be made from paper, fabric, knitted from
thread. The main desire and your imagination.
I can't show you mitten theater. It is made of paper in the shape of a triangle, which
allows the toy to be stable.
Children also enjoy playing with puppets from gloves - washcloths.
The theater on plastic or wooden spoons is very interesting for children. The doll is very easy to make. The image of the character is pasted on the spoon and voila - ready spoon theater.
bibabo dolls You can buy or make your own from stockings.
In the area of theatrical activities must be present shadow theatre: finger and flat. It is not difficult to make them by cutting out a character figure from black cardboard.
Caps of heroes from fairy tales or, in other words, mask theater should also be present in the theater area. Masks are made of cardboard (for strength) and, if desired, can be laminated.
To such creative corner was even wider, you can include: Theater on magnets, Reed theater, costume theater 
Didactic material
Didactic game The game "Play theater"
Target: Introduce children to theatre. Give an initial idea of how the theater works, who works in the theater, how performances, the stage, etc. are prepared. To broaden the horizons of children, to cultivate interest in the new, love for the theater, the desire to become an "actor".
Equipment: the game is a stage and backstage, attributes are props for playing a scene, a performance: a chair, a table, a sofa, a layout summer garden, decoration of the room, part of the yard. Set of cards depicting people different professions theater and a set of cards depicting the activities of this profession.
Material: The game is made of cardboard and comes with a set of small toys for acting out scenes from the play. Cards from the dense laminated cardboard.
Conclusion
In our experience, we have seen that children:
1. master the skills of expressive speech and the rules of behavior,
2. etiquette of communication with peers and adults;
3. show interest and desire for theatrical art,
4. able to convey various feelings using facial expressions, gestures, intonation
5. independently perform and transmit images of fairy-tale characters.
Thanks to common efforts, the life of our children has become interesting and meaningful, filled with vivid impressions, interesting things and the joy of creativity. The skills acquired in theatrical activities children use in Everyday life
Introduction…………………………………..3
2. Organization of theater in kindergarten………...4
3. Practical part…………………………16
4. Didactic material……………………22
5.Conclusion…………………………………. 24
6. List of references…………………………26
Literature
1. Migunova E.V. Theater Pedagogy in kindergarten, shopping center Sphere, 2009.
2. Shchetkin A.V. Theatrical activity in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.
3. Dodokina N.D., Evdokimova E.S. Family theater in kindergarten, Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008
4. Gubanova N.F. Game activity in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.
5. Baranova E.V., Savelyeva A.M. From skills to creativity Mosaic - Synthesis, 2009.
6. Gubanova N.F. Development of game activity Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.
Types of theaters
1. Desktop toy theater. In this theater, a wide variety of toys are used - factory-made and home-made, from natural and any other material. Here, fantasy is not limited, the main thing is that toys and crafts stand steadily on the table and do not interfere with movement.
2. Desktop theater of pictures. All pictures - characters and scenery - must be double-sided, since turns are inevitable, and in order for the figures not to fall, supports are needed, which can be of the most diverse, but always sufficiently stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of the weight or area of support to the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the more or more weighty the area of \u200b\u200bsupport is needed.
Actions of toys and pictures in the table theater are limited. But they should not be lifted and carried from place to place. It is important to imitate the desired movement: running, jumping, walking and at the same time pronouncing the text. The state of the character, his mood is conveyed by the intonation of the presenter - joyful, sad, plaintive.
Characters before the start of the game is best hidden. Their appearance in the course of action creates an element of surprise, arouses the interest of children.
In order to create an idea of the scene, use scenery elements: two or three trees are a forest, green cloth or paper on the table is a lawn, a blue ribbon is a stream. Do not spend a lot of time on such preparations and involve children in them, teach them to fantasize, come up with new original details for the scenery - and then everyone will become interested.
3. Stand-book. Dynamics, the sequence of events is easy to depict with the help of successive illustrations. For games like traveling, it is convenient to use a stand-book. Attach it to the bottom of the board. On the top - place the transport on which the trip will take place. In the course of the trip, the host (first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the sheets of the stand-book, demonstrates various plots depicting events and meetings that take place on the way. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of a kindergarten if each page shows a new regime process.
4. Flannelgraph. Pictures are good to show on the screen. Holds their grip of flannel, which tightened the screen and flip side Pictures. Instead of flannel, pieces of sandpaper or velvet paper can also be glued onto the pictures. Pick up drawings with the children from old books, magazines, and you can finish the missing ones. It makes the kids happy. Use natural materials as well.
Screens of various shapes allow you to create "live" pictures that are convenient to show to the whole group of children. On prism screens, all the guys can work in pairs at the same time during classes. The scenes on the screens are different, and children will be able to see the variety of options for depicting the same topic.
This type of game makes it easy to depict mass scenes, such as "Air Parade", "Bird Flight", "Space Rocket Launch", etc.
5. Shadow theater. Here you need a screen made of translucent paper, expressively carved black plane characters and a bright light source behind them, thanks to which the characters cast shadows on the screen. Very interesting images obtained with fingers. For example, you can make a goose, a hare, a barking dog, an angry turkey, fighting boxers, etc. Just remember to accompany the display with the appropriate sound.
To show a scene with several characters at the same time, set a bar at the bottom of the screen on which you can strengthen the figure. For example, the grandfather pulls the turnip first. Strengthen his figure on the bar and bring out the headstock, etc. Place the figures near the screen so that the shadows are clear. Position yourself below or to the side of the screen so that your shadow does not fall on it.
Shadow theater is good to use during leisure hours.
6. Finger theater. The child puts attributes on his fingers, but, as in dramatization, he himself acts for the character whose image is on his hand. In the course of the action, the child moves one or all of his fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen. You can do without a screen and depict actions, moving freely around the room.
Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale "Turnip" new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be shown by one child with the help of his fingers. The tales “A Goat and Seven Kids”, “Twelve Months”, “Malchish-Ki-Balchish”, “Geese-Swans” and others with many characters can show two or three children who are located behind a screen. Showing stories like this crowd scenes possible thanks to finger attributes.
7. Bibabo.
In these games, a doll is put on the fingers of the hand. The movements of her head, arms, torso are carried out with the help of movements of the fingers, hands.
Bibabo dolls usually operate on a screen behind which the driver is hiding. But when the game is familiar or the children themselves drive the dolls, that is, the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the drivers can go out to the audience, communicate with them, give them something, take someone by the hand, involve them in the game, etc. Such an “exposure” does not reduce, but rather raises the interest and activity of the guys.
When children see an adult play with bibabo dolls, they will most likely also want to learn how to drive them themselves. If the doll is large for a child's hand, then two fingers can be inserted into the head instead of one. Shorten the doll's sleeves so that the children's fingers fit into the chucks of the hands. You can make dolls for children's hands. For this, well-preserved parts from old broken toys, soft animals will come in handy. Dress them up and make up for the role you want. Show the children how the doll should move, how to move it along the screen.
8. Improvisation - playing a theme, a plot without pre-training- perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. All previous types of theater are being prepared for it. And yet, the children will be at a loss if you suddenly invite them to play this or that scene. Prepare them for this - come up with a theme together, discuss how to portray it, what roles will be, characteristic episodes.
The next step is to let each participant in the game portray the theme in their own way. And even more difficult task: the child chooses a topic and plays it himself. Next time, the guys themselves ask each other topics. And finally, with the help of facial expressions, intonation, attribute, you can guess a riddle. The answer is the theme, which is also played out.
Conclusions on the first chapter
In the first chapter of our work, we examined the history of the appearance of the children's theater, and what kind children's theater has now. We analyzed one of the main components of theatrical activity - creativity. The influence of creativity on the education of a harmoniously developed personality. The stages of the child's creative activity were identified. We singled out the types of theaters that are used in preschool institutions, the conditions and requirements for them. Theatrical games, their classification, and the influence of games on the development of a preschool child were also considered.
Preschool age gives excellent opportunities for the development of creative abilities. And the extent to which these opportunities were used will largely depend creative potential adult person. The more favorable the conditions, the closer they are to optimal ones, the more successfully development begins. development can reach greatest height, and the child can become talented and brilliant. WITH psychological point preschool childhood is a favorable period for the development of creative abilities because at this age children are extremely inquisitive, they have a great desire to learn about the world around them.
The sphere of art is considered as a space that contributes to the formation of the socio-aesthetic activity of the individual.
This view of raising a child topical issue education and upbringing of preschoolers by means theatrical art and allowed to turn to theatrical activity in the preschool educational institution not only as an independent section artistic education children, but also as a powerful synthetic means of developing their creative abilities. After all, the art of the theater is an organic synthesis of music, dance, painting, rhetoric, acting, concentrates into a single whole the means of expression available in the arsenal individual arts, and, thus, creates conditions for the education of a holistic creative personality, which contributes to the achievement of the goal of modern education.
Thus, we come to the conclusion that it is better to identify and develop the creative abilities of preschoolers through theatrical activity, since theatrical activity is focused on the comprehensive development of the child's personality, his unique individuality. Promotes self-knowledge, self-expression of the personality; creates conditions for the socialization of the child; helps to realize the feeling of satisfaction, joy, significance that arises as a result of revealing hidden talents and potentialities. Theatrical activity not only develops mental functions child personality, artistic ability, but also the universal universal ability for interpersonal interaction, creativity in any field. In addition, for a child, a theatrical performance is a good opportunity to become a hero at least for a while, to believe in himself, to hear the first applause in his life.
children's theater creativity performance
Psychologists have proven that gaming activity is an integral component of a harmonious comprehensive development preschool children. It's connected with age characteristics development of mental processes in children. With the help of this type of activity, preschoolers learn about the world around them, learn communication and interaction with peers, and adapt in society. One of effective types play activity in kindergarten is theater. In such activities, preschoolers show creative activity realize their potential, develop their abilities. Therefore, it is so important to hold theatrical games in preschool educational institutions. This activity is organized in preschool in the most different forms. About what types of theaters are in kindergarten and how to organize them correctly, we will consider in this material. In addition, let's share interesting ideas manufacturing attributes and inventory for such work.
The influence of theatrical play on the development of a preschooler
It is impossible to overestimate the beneficial effect of theatrical games on the development of preschool children. This activity contributes to:
- assimilation and consolidation of educational material by children;
- development of speech and fine motor skills;
- the formation of communication skills;
- development of creative abilities, identification of talents of kids;
- the formation of the ability to interact with others;
- the formation of a sensitive-emotional sphere;
- a sustained interest in fiction, book;
- education of aesthetic taste;
- development of such personal qualities as purposefulness, will, initiative and others.
Types of theaters in preschool
Thus, the organization of theatrical activities in preschool education solves the purposes of a number of educational and educational purposes. In addition, it contributes to the implementation of the requirements state standard, because thanks to this form of pedagogical work, children learn to independently put forward ideas, argue, show initiative and creativity.
What types of theaters in kindergarten can be organized? In the pedagogical literature, it is proposed to carry out such activities with preschoolers as:
- table theater;
- bench;
- riding;
- wrist;
- floor;
- live puppet theatre.
In turn, each of these species is divided into subspecies. We will discuss each of them in more detail below.
stand theater
A poster theater is a surface on which figures-characters and scenery are attached. This type includes:
table theater
The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - gaming activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters should be small in order to be able to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What is a table theater in kindergarten:
"Wrist" theater
This type includes theatrical activities, which require attributes such as finger puppets or toys - "gloves". There are the following "wrist" types of theaters in kindergarten:
- finger;
- glove.
What is needed in order to organize such a theatrical activity? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But pupils can also take an active part in the creation of characters. For example, finger puppets can be made from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls, and other materials.
“Glove puppets” can be made, for example, from a mitten or a sock, sewing the necessary elements to the base (face, hands, clothes, etc.).
It is important to note that the finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills of preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children's speech.
horse theater
What is a horse theatre? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers in the 16th century. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types:
floor theater
The floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is held in kindergartens infrequently. But it is the puppet theater that causes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since the kids do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, the children imagine that the toys "came to life" themselves. It is this element of "miracle", "fairy tale" that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.
Live Puppet Theater
But more often than others, a “live” puppet theater is organized in kindergarten. Such activities can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the world around, learning a foreign language, as well as during leisure. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to some holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or the New Year.
There are the following types of gaming activities described:
- masque;
- giant puppet theatre.
The latter is carried out most often as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are performed either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators.
Then, as a mask theater is suitable for children of any age. Even the smallest pupils have the opportunity to "reincarnate" in the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell the story that the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for the parents.
Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, in classes for artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities.
How to independently make a screen for a theater in a preschool educational institution?
In order to organize a theatrical activity with preschoolers, various attributes will be required, including masks, puppets, and scenery. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But, by offering the kids to make the necessary equipment for theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify the educational process of preschoolers, increase motivation for work, but also to realize the main educational and educational goals.
What can you make a theater for preschoolers from? For most types of such creative activity, a theater screen is needed. Kindergarten usually has the specified inventory either in the playroom or in the music room. But in the absence of a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself.
The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch a dense fabric in the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is cut out in the material, or an indent is made from above to accommodate the characters.
Finger theater screen
To organize a finger theater, you need a small screen. Therefore, this attribute can be made from cardboard boxes, at the bottom of which it is necessary to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically designed. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can arrange it in the form of a forest clearing, place a “house on the edge”.
Dolls for the theater in the preschool educational institution from improvised materials
Preschoolers really like to make puppet characters for theatrical games on their own from unusual materials. From what can such attributes be made? A teacher who practices a creative approach to work is able to make figures from the most unexpected materials. For example, paper theater is the easiest and fastest way to make your own characters.
You can also use wooden ice cream sticks by pasting them with felt, foil, colored self-adhesive film. Photos of such characters for theatrical activities can be seen below.
Materials for crafting characters
What else can puppet theater characters be made of:
- cardboard, making two holes for the fingers at the bottom;
- matchboxes;
- tennis balls;
- inflatable balls;
- disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons;
- socks, mittens, gloves;
- plastic bottles;
- natural material, etc.
Thus, it is possible to organize different types of theaters in kindergarten. When planning such activities, it is important for the teacher to take into account the age and individual characteristics of pupils, their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also methodically correctly think over the preparatory and final stages of work with children. The effectiveness of pedagogical work with preschoolers as a whole depends on these factors.
